RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 has been associated with a significant burden to those who survive the acute phase. We aimed to describe the quality of life and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at 90 days after hospital discharge of COVID-19 patients. METHODS: Patients with COVID-19 admitted to a private hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, between April of 2020 and April of 2021 were interviewed by telephone at 30 and 90 days after discharge to assess the quality of life and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD. RESULTS: A total of 2,138 patients were included. The mean age was 58.6 ± 15.8 years, and the median length of hospital stay was 9.0 (5.0-15.8) days. Between the two time points, depression increased from 3.1% to 7.2% (p < 0.001), anxiety increased from 3.2% to 6.2% (p < 0.001), and PTSD increased from 2.3% to 5.0% (p < 0.001). At least one physical symptom related to COVID-19 diagnosis persisted in 32% of patients at day 90. CONCLUSIONS: Persistence of physical symptoms was high even at 90 days after discharge. Although the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD was low, these symptoms persisted for three months, with a significant increase between the time points. This finding indicates the need to identify at-risk patients so that they can be given an appropriate referral at discharge.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Humanos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , COVID-19/epidemiología , Calidad de Vida , Brasil/epidemiología , Prueba de COVID-19 , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/etiología , Depresión/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Most of the evidence about the impact of the post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) reports individual symptoms without correlations with related imaging. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate cardiopulmonary symptoms, their predictors and related images in COVID-19 patients discharged from hospital. METHODS: Consecutive patients who survived COVID-19 were contacted 90 days after discharge. The Clinic Outcome Team structured a questionnaire evaluating symptoms and clinical status (blinded for hospitalization data). A multivariate analysis was performed to address the course of COVID-19, comorbidities, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress during hospitalization, and cardiac rehabilitation after discharge. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: A total of 480 discharged patients with COVID-19 (age: 59±14 years, 67.5% males) were included; 22.3% required mechanical ventilation. The prevalence of patients with PACS-related cardiopulmonary symptoms (dyspnea, tiredness/fatigue, cough, and chest discomfort) was 16.3%. Several parameters of chest computed tomography and echocardiogram were similar in patients with and without cardiopulmonary symptoms. The multivariate analysis showed that PACS-related cardiopulmonary-symptoms were independently related to female sex (OR 3.023; 95% CI 1.319-6.929), in-hospital deep venous thrombosis (OR 13.689; 95% CI 1.069-175.304), elevated troponin I (OR 1.355; 95% CI 1.048-1.751) and C-reactive protein during hospitalization (OR 1.060; 95% CI 1.023-1.097) and depression (OR 6.110; 95% CI 2.254-16.558). CONCLUSION: PACS-related cardiopulmonary symptoms 90 days post-discharge are common and multifactorial. Beyond thrombotic and markers of inflammation/myocardial injury during hospitalization, female sex and depression were independently associated with cardiopulmonary-related PACS. These results highlighted the need for a multifaceted approach targeting susceptible patients.
FUNDAMENTO: A maioria da evidência sobre o impacto da síndrome COVID pós-aguda (PACS, do inglês, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome) descreve sintomas individuais sem correlacioná-los com exames de imagens. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar sintomas cardiopulmonares, seus preditores e imagens relacionadas em pacientes com COVID-19 após alta hospitalar. MÉTODOS: Pacientes consecutivos, que sobreviveram à COVID-19, foram contatados 90 dias após a alta hospitalar. A equipe de desfechos clínicos (cega quanto aos dados durante a internação) elaborou um questionário estruturado avaliando sintomas e estado clínico. Uma análise multivariada foi realizada abordando a evolução da COVID-19, comorbidades, ansiedade, depressão, e estresse pós-traumático durante a internação, e reabilitação cardíaca após a alta. O nível de significância usado nas análises foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 480 pacientes (idade 59±14 anos, 67,5% do sexo masculino) que receberam alta hospitalar por COVID-19; 22,3% necessitaram de ventilação mecânica. A prevalência de pacientes com sintomas cardiopulmonares relacionados à PACS (dispneia, cansaço/fadiga, tosse e desconforto no peito) foi de 16,3%. Vários parâmetros de tomografia computadorizada do tórax e de ecocardiograma foram similares entre os pacientes com e sem sintomas cardiopulmonares. A análise multivariada mostrou que sintomas cardiopulmonares foram relacionados de maneira independente com sexo feminino (OR 3,023; IC95% 1,319-6,929), trombose venosa profunda durante a internação (OR 13,689; IC95% 1,069-175,304), nível elevado de troponina (OR 1,355; IC95% 1,048-1,751) e de proteína C reativa durante a internação (OR 1,060; IC95% 1,023-1,097) e depressão (OR 6,110; IC95% 2,254-16,558). CONCLUSÃO: Os sintomas cardiopulmonares relacionados à PACS 90 dias após a alta hospitalar são comuns e multifatoriais. Além dos marcadores trombóticos, inflamatórios e de lesão miocárdica durante a internação, sexo feminino e depressão foram associados independentemente com sintomas cardiopulmonares relacionados à PACS. Esses resultados destacaram a necessidade de uma abordagem multifacetada direcionada a pacientes susceptíveis.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , COVID-19/complicaciones , Alta del Paciente , SARS-CoV-2 , Cuidados Posteriores , Hospitalización , HospitalesRESUMEN
Few data from Latin American centers on clinical outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are published. Moreover, clinical and functional status after hospital discharge remains poorly explored in these patients. We evaluated in-hospital outcomes of severe COVID-19 patients who received ECMO support in two Brazilian hospitals. In one-third of the survivors, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS), quality of life, anxiety, depression, and return to work were evaluated. Eighty-five patients were included and in-hospital mortality was 47%. Age >65 years (HR: 4.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-16.4), diabetes (HR: 6.0; 95% CI: 1.8-19.6), ECMO support duration (HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.05-1.12) and dialysis initiated after ECMO (HR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.1-10.8) were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and mechanical ventilation (MV) duration before ECMO was not (HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.71-2.09). PACS-related symptoms were reported by two-thirds and half of patients at 30- and 90-days post-discharge, respectively. The median EQ-5D score was 0.85 (0.70-1.00) and 0.77 (0.66-1.00) at 30 and 90 days. Of the 15 responders, all previously working patients, except one, have returned to work at 90 days. In conclusion, in-hospital mortality in a large Latin American cohort was comparable to the Global extracorporeal life support organization registry.
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COVID-19 , Oxigenación por Membrana Extracorpórea , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria , Insuficiencia Respiratoria , Humanos , Anciano , Oxigenación por Membrana Extracorpórea/efectos adversos , Calidad de Vida , Alta del Paciente , Cuidados Posteriores , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/etiología , HospitalesRESUMEN
Effective vaccination against coronavirus mitigates the risk of hospitalisation and mortality; however, it is unclear whether vaccination status influences long COVID symptoms in patients who require hospitalisation. The available evidence is limited to outpatients with mild disease. Here, we evaluated 412 patients (age: 60 ± 16 years, 65% males) consecutively admitted to two Hospitals in Brazil due to confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Compared with patients with complete vaccination (n = 185) before infection or hospitalisation, those with no or incomplete vaccination (n = 227) were younger and had a lower frequency of several comorbidities. Data during hospitalisation revealed that the no or incomplete vaccination group required more admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU), used more corticosteroids, and had higher rates of pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis than the complete vaccination group. Ninety days after hospital discharge, patients with no or incomplete vaccination presented a higher frequency of symptoms (≥ 1) than patients with complete vaccination (40 vs. 27%; p = 0.013). After adjusting for confounders, no or incomplete vaccination (odds ratio [OR] 1.819; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.175-2.815), female sex (OR 2.435; 95% CI 1.575-3.764) and ICU admission during hospitalisation (OR 1.697; 95% CI 1.062-2.712) were independently associated with ≥ 1 symptom 90 days after hospital discharge. In conclusion, even in patients with severe COVID-19, vaccination mitigates the probability of long COVID symptoms.
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COVID-19 , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/prevención & control , Alta del Paciente , Síndrome Post Agudo de COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Hospitalización , Hospitales , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , VacunaciónRESUMEN
Resumo Fundamento A maioria da evidência sobre o impacto da síndrome COVID pós-aguda (PACS, do inglês, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome) descreve sintomas individuais sem correlacioná-los com exames de imagens. Objetivos Avaliar sintomas cardiopulmonares, seus preditores e imagens relacionadas em pacientes com COVID-19 após alta hospitalar. Métodos Pacientes consecutivos, que sobreviveram à COVID-19, foram contatados 90 dias após a alta hospitalar. A equipe de desfechos clínicos (cega quanto aos dados durante a internação) elaborou um questionário estruturado avaliando sintomas e estado clínico. Uma análise multivariada foi realizada abordando a evolução da COVID-19, comorbidades, ansiedade, depressão, e estresse pós-traumático durante a internação, e reabilitação cardíaca após a alta. O nível de significância usado nas análises foi de 5%. Resultados Foram incluídos 480 pacientes (idade 59±14 anos, 67,5% do sexo masculino) que receberam alta hospitalar por COVID-19; 22,3% necessitaram de ventilação mecânica. A prevalência de pacientes com sintomas cardiopulmonares relacionados à PACS (dispneia, cansaço/fadiga, tosse e desconforto no peito) foi de 16,3%. Vários parâmetros de tomografia computadorizada do tórax e de ecocardiograma foram similares entre os pacientes com e sem sintomas cardiopulmonares. A análise multivariada mostrou que sintomas cardiopulmonares foram relacionados de maneira independente com sexo feminino (OR 3,023; IC95% 1,319-6,929), trombose venosa profunda durante a internação (OR 13,689; IC95% 1,069-175,304), nível elevado de troponina (OR 1,355; IC95% 1,048-1,751) e de proteína C reativa durante a internação (OR 1,060; IC95% 1,023-1,097) e depressão (OR 6,110; IC95% 2,254-16,558). Conclusão Os sintomas cardiopulmonares relacionados à PACS 90 dias após a alta hospitalar são comuns e multifatoriais. Além dos marcadores trombóticos, inflamatórios e de lesão miocárdica durante a internação, sexo feminino e depressão foram associados independentemente com sintomas cardiopulmonares relacionados à PACS. Esses resultados destacaram a necessidade de uma abordagem multifacetada direcionada a pacientes susceptíveis.
Abstract Background Most of the evidence about the impact of the post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) reports individual symptoms without correlations with related imaging. Objectives To evaluate cardiopulmonary symptoms, their predictors and related images in COVID-19 patients discharged from hospital. Methods Consecutive patients who survived COVID-19 were contacted 90 days after discharge. The Clinic Outcome Team structured a questionnaire evaluating symptoms and clinical status (blinded for hospitalization data). A multivariate analysis was performed to address the course of COVID-19, comorbidities, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress during hospitalization, and cardiac rehabilitation after discharge. The significance level was set at 5%. Results A total of 480 discharged patients with COVID-19 (age: 59±14 years, 67.5% males) were included; 22.3% required mechanical ventilation. The prevalence of patients with PACS-related cardiopulmonary symptoms (dyspnea, tiredness/fatigue, cough, and chest discomfort) was 16.3%. Several parameters of chest computed tomography and echocardiogram were similar in patients with and without cardiopulmonary symptoms. The multivariate analysis showed that PACS-related cardiopulmonary-symptoms were independently related to female sex (OR 3.023; 95% CI 1.319-6.929), in-hospital deep venous thrombosis (OR 13.689; 95% CI 1.069-175.304), elevated troponin I (OR 1.355; 95% CI 1.048-1.751) and C-reactive protein during hospitalization (OR 1.060; 95% CI 1.023-1.097) and depression (OR 6.110; 95% CI 2.254-16.558). Conclusion PACS-related cardiopulmonary symptoms 90 days post-discharge are common and multifactorial. Beyond thrombotic and markers of inflammation/myocardial injury during hospitalization, female sex and depression were independently associated with cardiopulmonary-related PACS. These results highlighted the need for a multifaceted approach targeting susceptible patients.
RESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: COVID-19 has been associated with a significant burden to those who survive the acute phase. We aimed to describe the quality of life and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at 90 days after hospital discharge of COVID-19 patients. Methods: Patients with COVID-19 admitted to a private hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, between April of 2020 and April of 2021 were interviewed by telephone at 30 and 90 days after discharge to assess the quality of life and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Results: A total of 2,138 patients were included. The mean age was 58.6 ± 15.8 years, and the median length of hospital stay was 9.0 (5.0-15.8) days. Between the two time points, depression increased from 3.1% to 7.2% (p < 0.001), anxiety increased from 3.2% to 6.2% (p < 0.001), and PTSD increased from 2.3% to 5.0% (p < 0.001). At least one physical symptom related to COVID-19 diagnosis persisted in 32% of patients at day 90. Conclusions: Persistence of physical symptoms was high even at 90 days after discharge. Although the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD was low, these symptoms persisted for three months, with a significant increase between the time points. This finding indicates the need to identify at-risk patients so that they can be given an appropriate referral at discharge.
RESUMO Objetivo: A COVID-19 tem sido associada a um fardo significativo para aqueles que sobrevivem à fase aguda. Nosso objetivo foi descrever a qualidade de vida e sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) 90 dias após a alta hospitalar em pacientes com COVID-19. Métodos: Pacientes com COVID-19 internados em um hospital privado na cidade de São Paulo (SP) entre abril de 2020 e abril de 2021 foram entrevistados por telefone 30 e 90 dias após a alta para avaliar a qualidade de vida e sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e TEPT. Resultados: Foram incluídos 2.138 pacientes. A média de idade foi de 58,6 ± 15,8 anos, e a mediana do tempo de internação hospitalar foi de 9,0 (5,0-15,8) dias. Entre os dois momentos, a depressão aumentou de 3,1% para 7,2% (p < 0,001), a ansiedade, de 3,2% para 6,2% (p < 0,001), e o TEPT, de 2,3% para 5,0% (p < 0,001). Pelo menos um sintoma físico relacionado ao diagnóstico de COVID-19 persistia em 32% dos pacientes no 90º dia. Conclusões: A persistência dos sintomas físicos foi elevada mesmo 90 dias após a alta. Embora a prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e TEPT tenha sido baixa, esses sintomas persistiram por três meses, com aumento significativo entre os momentos. Esse achado indica a necessidade de identificar os pacientes de risco para que possam receber o encaminhamento adequado no momento da alta.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Stents , Enfermedad Coronaria , Intervención Coronaria PercutáneaRESUMEN
Estenose aórtica (EAo) é a doença cardíaca valvar mais comum, afeta, aproximadamente, 3% da população idosa submetida a implante de bioprótese aórtica por cateter. Os enfermeiros necessitam aperfeiçoar o conhecimento para elaborar protocolos de atendimento e cuidados. Objetivo: propor intervenções de enfermagem no período pós-operatório imediato para pacientes submetidos a tratamento da estenose aórtica por cateter. Método: pesquisa retrospectiva, quantitativa, com amostra composta por 418 pacientes cujos dados foram fornecidos pelo Registro Brasileiro de Implante por Cateter de Biotrótese Valvar Aórtica, entre janeiro de 2008 e fevereiro de 2013. Resultados: a média de idade foi de 81,5 anos, 348 pacientes apresentavam classe funcional III ou IV de insuficiência cardíaca, sendo que as complicações com maior incidência foram: bloqueio de ramo esquerdo (129 pacientes), bloqueio átrio ventricular (110) e necessidade de implante de marca-passo (83). Conclusão: Foram propostas as intervenções de enfermagem para avaliação da função neurológica, vascular, hematológica, renal, cardíaca, parâmetros vitais e controle da dor...
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Humanos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Bioprótesis , Cuidados Posoperatorios/enfermería , Atención de Enfermería , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/enfermería , Salud del AncianoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, or acute myocardial infarct, or target vessel revascularization) at one year in "real world" patients. METHODS: The EINSTEIN registry is an observational, prospective, single center study that consecutively included 103 patients (152 lesions) treated with the BiomatrixTM stent, a biolimus A9-eluting stent with biodegradable polymer. RESULTS: The mean age was 65.0±12.4 years; male gender represented 83.5% of the patients; and 37.9% of them were diabetic. At one-year, major adverse cardiac events occurred in 11.7% of the patients, including 2.9% of cardiac death, 4.9% of with non ST- segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, and 3.9% of target vessel revascularization. Stent thrombosis occurred in only 1% (1 patient) at one-yearfollow-up. CONCLUSION: The present Registry suggests that new generation biolimus A9 drug-eluting stents are safe and effective in a "real world", all-comers patients, showing low rates of major cardiac adverse events on long-term follow-up.
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Implantes Absorbibles , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/cirugía , Stents Liberadores de Fármacos/efectos adversos , Polímeros/administración & dosificación , Sirolimus/análogos & derivados , Implantes Absorbibles/efectos adversos , Anciano , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Sirolimus/administración & dosificación , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the compliance rates to quality of care indicators along the implementation of an acute myocardial infarction clinical practice guideline. METHODS: A clinical guideline for acute myocardial infarction was introduced on March 1st, 2005. Patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction from March 1st, 2005 to December 31st, 2012 (n=1,431) were compared to patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction before the implementation of the protocol (n=306). Compliance rates to quality of care indicators (ASA prescription on hospital admission and discharge, betablockers on discharge and door-to-balloon time) as well as the length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality were compared before and after the implementation of the clinical guideline. RESULTS: The rates of ASA prescription on admission, on discharge and of betablockers were higher after guideline implementation: 99.6% versus 95.8% (p<0.001); 99.1% versus 95.8% (p<0.001); and 95.9% versus 81.7% (p<0.001), respectively. ASA prescription rate increased over time, reaching 100% from 2009 to 2012. Door-to-balloon time after versus before implementation was of 86(32) minutes versus 93(51) (p=0.20). The length of hospital stay after the implementation versus before was of 6(6) days versus 6(4) days (p=0.34). In-hospital mortality was 7.6% (before the implementation), 8.7% between 2005 and 2008, and 5.3% between 2009 and 2012, (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: The implementation of an acute myocardial infarction clinical practice guideline was associated with an increase in compliance to quality of care indicators.
Asunto(s)
Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital/normas , Adhesión a Directriz/estadística & datos numéricos , Infarto del Miocardio/terapia , Indicadores de Calidad de la Atención de Salud/normas , Femenino , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Indicadores de Calidad de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a incidência de eventos adversos cardíacos maiores (morte cardíaca, infarto agudo do miocárdio ou necessidade de nova revascularização do vaso-alvo) em 1 ano em pacientes do "mundo real". MÉTODOS: O registro EINSTEIN é um estudo observacional prospectivo, unicêntrico, que incluiu consecutivamente 103 pacientes (152 lesões) tratados com o stent BiomatrixTM, eluidor de biolimus A9 e polímero biodegradável. RESULTADOS: A média das idades foi de 65,0±12,4 anos; o gênero masculino representou 83,5% dos pacientes; e 37,9% deles eram diabéticos. Em 1 ano, eventos adversos cardíacos maiores ocorreram em 11,7% dos pacientes, incluindo 2,9% de morte cardíaca, 4,9% de infarto agudo do miocárdio sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST e 3,9% de revascularização do vaso-alvo. Trombose de stent esteve presente em apenas 1% (1 paciente) após o seguimento clínico de 1 ano. CONCLUSÃO: O presente registro sugere que os novos stents farmacológicos eluidores de biolimus A9 com polímero biodegradável são seguros e eficazes em pacientes da prática clínica diária, com baixas taxas de eventos adversos cardíacos maiores no longo prazo.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, or acute myocardial infarct, or target vessel revascularization) at one year in "real world" patients. METHODS: The EINSTEIN registry is an observational, prospective, single center study that consecutively included 103 patients (152 lesions) treated with the BiomatrixTM stent, a biolimus A9-eluting stent with biodegradable polymer. RESULTS: The mean age was 65.0±12.4 years; male gender represented 83.5% of the patients; and 37.9% of them were diabetic. At one-year, major adverse cardiac events occurred in 11.7% of the patients, including 2.9% of cardiac death, 4.9% of with non ST- segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, and 3.9% of target vessel revascularization. Stent thrombosis occurred in only 1% (1 patient) at one-yearfollow-up. CONCLUSION: The present Registry suggests that new generation biolimus A9 drug-eluting stents are safe and effective in a "real world", all-comers patients, showing low rates of major cardiac adverse events on long-term follow-up.
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Materiales Biocompatibles , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Stents Liberadores de Fármacos , Polímeros/síntesis química , Sirolimus/análogos & derivadosRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a adesão aos indicadores de qualidade assistencial ao longo da implementação de um protocolo assistencial de infarto agudo do miocárdio. MÉTODOS: Em 1º de março de 2005 foi implementado o protocolo assistencial de infarto agudo do miocárdio. Foram selecionados pacientes admitidos de 1ºde março de 2005 a 31 de dezembro de 2012 (n=1.431). Para comparação, utilizamos os dados de pacientes admitidos por infarto na fase pré-protocolo (n=306). Comparamos a taxa de adesão aos indicadores (taxa de prescrição de AAS na admissão hospitalar e na alta hospitalar, betabloqueador na alta e tempo porta-balão) entre as fases pré e pós-implementação do protocolo, além de tempo de permanência hospitalar e mortalidade intra-hospitalar nas diferentes fases. RESULTADOS: As taxas de prescrição de AAS na admissão e na alta hospitalar, e de betabloqueador foram maiores na fase pós versus a pré-implementação do protocolo: 99,6% versus 95,8% (p<0,001); 99,1% versus 95,8% (p<0,001) e 95,9% versus 81,7% (p<0,001), respectivamente. A taxa de prescrição de AAS aumentou ao longo da implementação do protocolo, atingindo 100% de 2009 a 2012. O tempo porta-balão pós versus pré foi de 86(32) minutos versus 93(51), respectivamente (p=0,20). O tempo de permanência hospitalar foi semelhante na fase pré versus pós-protocolo: 6(6) dias versus 6(4) dias (p=0,34). A mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi de 7,6% no pré-protocolo, 8,7% entre 2005 e 2008 e 5,3% entre 2009 e 2012 (p=0,04). CONCLUSÃO: A implementação do protocolo assistencial refletiu-se na maior adesão aos indicadores de qualidade.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the compliance rates to quality of care indicators along the implementation of an acute myocardial infarction clinical practice guideline. METHODS: A clinical guideline for acute myocardial infarction was introduced on March 1st, 2005. Patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction from March 1st, 2005 to December 31st, 2012 (n=1,431) were compared to patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction before the implementation of the protocol (n=306). Compliance rates to quality of care indicators (ASA prescription on hospital admission and discharge, betablockers on discharge and door-to-balloon time) as well as the length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality were compared before and after the implementation of the clinical guideline. RESULTS: The rates of ASA prescription on admission, on discharge and of betablockers were higher after guideline implementation: 99.6% versus 95.8% (p<0.001); 99.1% versus 95.8% (p<0.001); and 95.9% versus 81.7% (p<0.001), respectively. ASA prescription rate increased over time, reaching 100% from 2009 to 2012. Door-to-balloon time after versus before implementation was of 86(32) minutes versus 93(51) (p=0.20). The length of hospital stay after the implementation versus before was of 6(6) days versus 6(4) days (p=0.34). In-hospital mortality was 7.6% (before the implementation), 8.7% between 2005 and 2008, and 5.3% between 2009 and 2012, (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: The implementation of an acute myocardial infarction clinical practice guideline was associated with an increase in compliance to quality of care indicators.
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Infarto del Miocardio , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Indicadores de Calidad de la Atención de Salud , Calidad de la Atención de SaludRESUMEN
INTRODUÇÃO: A via de acesso transfemoral é preferencial para o implante por cateter de bioprótese valvar aórtica. Entretanto, algumas situações, como a presença de doença vascular periférica, impossibilitam a utilização desse acesso. Nesses casos, o acesso por dissecção da artéria subclávia é uma alternativa para a realização do procedimento. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a experiência brasileira com a utilização da artéria subclávia como via de acesso para o implante por cateter da bioprótese CoreValve®. MÉTODOS: Foram requisitos para o procedimento área valvar aórtica < 1 cm², ânulo valvar aórtico ≥ 20 mm e ≤ 27 mm (CoreValve® de 26 mm e 29 mm), aorta ascendente ≤ 43 mm e artéria subclávia com diâmetro ≥ 6 mm, isenta de lesões obstrutivas significativas, tortuosidade acentuada e calcificação excessiva. O acesso pela artéria subclávia foi obtido por dissecção cirúrgica e, sob visão direta, punção da artéria subclávia. Obtido o acesso arterial, empregou-se a técnica padrão. RESULTADOS: Entre janeiro de 2008 e abril de 2012, 8 pacientes com doença vascular periférica foram submetidos a implante de prótese CoreValve® pela artéria subclávia em 4 instituições. O procedimento foi realizado com sucesso em todos os casos, com redução do gradiente transvalvar aórtico médio de 46,4 ± 17,5 mmHg para 9,3 ± 3,6 mmHg (P = 0,0018) e melhora dos sintomas. Aos 30 dias e no seguimento de 275 ± 231 dias, 87,5% e 62,5% dos pacientes, respectivamente, apresentavam-se livres de complicações maiores (óbito, infarto do miocárdio, acidente vascular cerebral e cirurgia cardíaca de urgência). CONCLUSÕES: Na experiência brasileira, o acesso pela artéria subclávia mostrou-se seguro e eficaz como via alternativa para o implante por cateter da bioprótese CoreValve®.
BACKGROUND: Transfemoral access is the preferred approach for transcatheter aortic valve implantation. However, some situations, such as the presence of peripheral vascular disease, preclude the use of such access. In these cases, subclavian access is an alternative approach for this procedure. This study aimed at evaluating the Brazilian experience using the subclavian approach for transcatheter CoreValve® prosthesis implantation. METHODS: Aortic valve area < 1 cm², aortic valve ring ≥ 20 mm and ≤ 27 mm (26 mm and 29 mm CoreValve®), ascending aorta ≤ 43 mm and subclavian artery with a diameter ≥ 6 mm, without significant obstructive lesions, marked tortuosity and excess calcification were requisites for the procedure. The access through the subclavian artery was obtained by surgical dissection and, under direct vision, a subclavian artery puncture was performed. Once artery access was obtained, the standard technique was used. RESULTS: Between January 2008 and April 2012, 8 patients with peripheral vascular disease underwent CoreValve® prosthesis implantation through the subclavian artery in 4 institutions. The procedure was successful in all cases with reduction of the mean transvalvular pressure gradient from 46.4 ± 17.5 mmHg to 9.3 ± 3.6 mmHg (P = 0.0018) and improvement of symptoms. At 30 days and after 275 ± 231 days of follow-up, 87.5% and 62.5% of the patients, respectively, were free from major adverse events (death, myocardial infarction, stroke and urgent cardiac surgery). CONCLUSIONS: In the Brazilian experience, the subclavian access was a safe and effective alternative for transcatheter CoreValve® implantation.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Arteria Subclavia/cirugía , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/complicaciones , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico , Prótesis Valvulares Cardíacas , Ecocardiografía/métodos , Ecocardiografía , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Introdução: O sistema de condução localizado no septo interventricular encontra-se anatomicamente contíguo ao anel valvar aórtico. Por isso, distúrbios na condução atrioventricular e intraventricular podem decorrer de inflamação, edema e estresse mecânico causados pelas hastes metálicas da bioprótese CoreValve. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a incidência de distúrbios da condução atrioventricular e intraventricular após implante percutâneo da CoreValve. Método: Entre janeiro de 2008 e abril de 2010, 23 pacientes portadores de estenose aórtica foram submetidos a implante da CoreValve. A média de idade foi de 81 ± 8,3 anos, e 12 (52,1%) pacientes eram do sexo masculino. Resultados: Após o implante valvar, constataram-se as seguintes alterações na condução atrioventricular: 3 (13%) bloqueios atrioventriculares totais, 2 (8,7%) bloqueios atrioventriculares de 2º grau e 8 (34,8%) bloqueios atrioventriculares de 1º grau, sendo 4 (17,4%) novos e 4 preexistentes. Assim, distúrbios de condução mais avançados, como bloqueio atrioventricular de 2o grau e/ou bloqueio atrioventricular total ocorreram em 5 (21,7%) pacientes. Em relação aos distúrbios da condução intraventricular pós-implante, foram detectados 14 (60,9%) bloqueios completos de ramo esquerdo, sendo 2 (8,7%) com bloqueio completo de ramo direito e bloqueio completo de ramo esquerdo alternante. Nesta série, 7 (30,4%) pacientes foram submetidos a implante de marca-passo permanente, 6 (26,1%) deles por indicação absoluta. Todos os pacientes que apresentavam bloqueio completo de ramo direito antes do procedimento necessitaram do marca-passo permanente...
Background: There is a close anatomical relationship between the aortic valve annulus and the conduction system.Therefore, atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction disorders may occur as a result of inflammation, edema and mechanical stress caused by the metallic struts of the CoreValvebioprosthesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction disorders after percutaneous CoreValve implantation.Method: Between January 2008 and April 2010, 23 patients with aortic stenosis were submitted to CoreValve bioprosthesis implantation. Mean age was 81 ± 8.3 years and 12 (52.1%) patients were male. Results: After valve implantation, the following atrioventricular conduction disorderswere observed: 3 (13%) complete atrioventricular blocks, 2 (8.7%) 2nd degree atrioventricular blocks and 8 (34.8%) 1st degree atrioventricular blocks, of which 4 (17.4%) werenew and 4 were preexisting. Therefore, advanced conduction disorders, such as 2nd degree atrioventricular block and/orcomplete atrioventricular block were observed in 5 (21.7%) patients. As to post-implant intraventricular conductiondisorders, 14 (60.9%) left bundle branch blocks were observed, 2 (8.7%) of them with alternating right bundle branch block and left bundle branch block. In this series, 7 (30.4%) patients received a permanent pacemaker, 6 (26.1%) of them with absolute indication. All of the patients withright bundle branch block before the procedure required permanent pacemaker implantation. Conclusion: Atrioventricular conduction disorders and, specially, left bundle branch block are common after percutaneous implantation of the CoreValve prosthesis. Permanent pacemaker is required in approximately one fourth of the cases. The presence of pre-implant right bundle branch block is related to a greater risk of developing advanced conduction disorders.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/sangre , Marcapaso Artificial , Prótesis Valvulares Cardíacas/ética , Bloqueo Cardíaco , Electrocardiografía/métodosRESUMEN
Fundamentos: Os estudos randomizados que testaram os stents farmacológicos no infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do seguimento ST (IAMSST) demostraram resultados conflitantes. Além disso, a trombose do stent e o seguimento tardio pouco reportado permanecem como os grandes limitantes à expansão da aplicação desses dispositivos no IAMSST. Objetivo: Comparar as taxas de eventos cardíacos adversos maiores combinados (ECAM) e as taxas de trombose do stent em pacientes não-selecionados tratados com stents convencionais ou farmacológicos no IAMSST e alocados de forma não-randômica. Método: Entre janeiro de 2001 e julho de 2007, 251 pacientes consecutivos com IAMSST foram submetidos a angioplastia primária ou de resgate com implante de stent convencional (n= 112) ou farmacológico (n= 139), no Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - São Paulo, SP. Investigamos a incidência de ECAM (óbito, infarto do miocárdio e revascularização do vaso-alvo (RVA) e as taxas de [RVA]) e trombose do stent. Resultados: No total, a média das idades foi de 63 + - 13 anos, sendo 77 por cento dos pacientes do sexo masculino . No seguimento mediano de 2,8 anos (1,2-4,4), a incidência de ECAM foi maior nos pacientes tratados com stents convencionais...
Background: Randomized clinical trials comparing drugeluting stents (DES) with bare metal stents (BMS) in the setting of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have been showing conflicting results. Additionally, issues regarding stent thrombosis and the lack of long-term clinical outcomes have limited the widespread use of DES in STEMI. Objective: To compare the rates of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and stent thrombosis in unselected patients who underwent primary or rescue percutaneous coronary intervention with BMS implantation with those treated with DES. Methods: Between January 2001 and July 2007, 251 consecutive patients with STEMI underwent PCI with BMS (n = 112) or DES (n =139). We investigated the incidence of MACE, including death, myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization (TVR), as well as stent thrombosis rates. Results: Overall, the mean age was 63 ± 13 years-old and 77% were male. The median clinical follow-up was 2.8 years (1.3-4.4). The cumulative incidence of MACE was higher in patients who received BMS as compared with DES (25.2% vs. 10.1%; p < 0.01) driven by a higher incidence of all-cause mortality (17.8% vs. 5.1%; p < 0.01), mainly cardiac death (15.9 vs. 4.3; p < 0.01). TVR was detected in 8 patients (7.5%) with BMS and in 5 patients (3.6%) with DES (p = 0.25). The incidence of stent thrombosis was similar between groups (3.7% vs. 2.2%; p = 0.7). Conclusions: In this observational series, the use of DES in the setting of STEMI showed lower rates of MACE compared to BMS at the long-term follow-up.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Stents , Infarto del Miocardio/cirugía , Infarto del Miocardio/terapia , Angioplastia Coronaria con Balón/métodos , Angioplastia Coronaria con BalónRESUMEN
Fundamentos: Os estudos randomizados que testaram os stents farmacológicos para o tratamento do infarto agudo do miocárdio demonstraram baixas taxas de revascularização da lesão-alvo. Entretanto, pacientes e lesões complexas foram excluídos e o seguimento tardio permanece pouco conhecido. Objetivos: Avaliar a taxa de eventos adversos combinados - óbito, reinfarto e revascularização do vasoalvo (RVA) - e a incidência de trombose em pacientes não selecionados tratados com stent farmacológico no infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST. Método: De janeiro de 2004 a dezembro de 2006, foram tratados 134 pacientes consecutivos no contexto da angioplastia primária ou de resgate. Destes, 104 (77,6%)receberam ao menos um stent farmacológico. O seguimento clínico médio foi de 20,9 ± 10,5 meses. Resultados: No total, 104 pacientes foram analisados, a média de idade foi de 63 ± 12 anos, 82% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino, e 23% eram diabéticos. Na admissão, 17% apresentavam classificação Killip III ou IV. A taxa de sucesso angiográfico foi de 92%. O tempo médio da dupla antiagregação plaquetária foi de 13,29 ± 9,26 meses. A taxa cumulativa de eventos adversos combinados foi de 11,5% e a necessidade de RVA foi de 2,9%. Trombose de stent definitiva ocorreu em 1,9% dos pacientes. Na análise multivariada, o único preditor independente de eventos adversos combinados foi a classificação de Killip III ou IV à admissão (odds ratio, 9,4; intervalo de confiança de 95%, 2,16-40,81; p = 0,003). Conclusões: Neste registro, composto por pacientes pertencentes ao mundo real, o uso de stents farmacológicos no infarto agudo do miocárdio com elevação do segmento ST mostrou-se seguro e eficaz.
Background: Clinical trials addressing the safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents (DES) for the treatment of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) showed lower rates of target vessel revascularization (TVR)compared to bare stents. However, these trials have excluded high risk patients and complex lesion subsets. Furthermore, the long-term follow-up of these patients is unknown. Objectives: To analyze the cumulative rates of major adverse events and stent thrombosis at long-term follow-up after unrestricted use of DES in patients with STEMI. Methods: From 01/2004 to 12/2006, 104 consecutive patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI with DES implantation and comprised the present study population. We analyzed the cumulative rates of adverse events: death, reinfarction, the target vessel revascularization (TVR) and the rates of stent thrombosis at a mean clinical follow-up of 20.9 ± 10.5 months. Results: A total of 104 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 63 ± 12 years, 82% were male and 23% diabetic. Killip III or IV were diagnosed at presentation in 17% of patients. The mean time of dual anti-platelet therapy was 13.29 ± 9.26 months. The cumulative incidence of major adverse events was 11.5%. The incidence of TVR was 2.9%. Definitive stent thrombosis occurred in 1.9% of patients. By multivariate analysis, the only independent predictor of major adverse events was Killip class III or IV at presentation (OR: 9.4 CI 95% [2.16-40.81]; p=0.003). Conclusion: In this registry composed by real world patients, the unrestricted use of DES for the treatment of STEMI was safe and effective at long term follow-up.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Stents , Angioplastia Coronaria con Balón , Infarto del Miocardio/terapia , Aspirina/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Fundamentos: A despeito dos avanços da Cardiologia Intervencionista, as complicações vasculares permanecem relativamente freqüentes e seus preditores, na prática médica atual, são pouco conhecidos. A presente investigação foi idealizada com o objetivo de avaliar a incidência e os preditores contemporâneos de complicações vasculares após intervenções coronárias realizadas por via percutânea femoral. Método: Entre dezembro de 2005 e dezembro de 2006, 383 pacientes consecutivos foram submetidos a intervenção coronária percutânea por via femoral e foram monitorizados clinicamente, durante a internação hospitalar, para a detecção de complicações vasculares. Resultados: Complicações vasculares ocorreram em 6,5% dos pacientes, sendo o pseudo-aneurisma da artéria femoral a complicação mais freqüentemente observada (2,6%). Os preditores independentes de complicação vascular, neste estudo, foram o sexo feminino (odds ratio [OR] = 5,61; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC 95%] = 1,99-15,76) e o uso do abciximab (OR = 3,02; IC 95% = 1,10-8,26). O emprego de dispositivos hemostáticos (OR = 0,36; IC 95% = 0,12-0,99) foi o único fator protetor independente contra a ocorrência dessas complicações, especialmente no sexo masculino. Conclusões: As complicações vasculares ainda são relativamente freqüentes após intervenções coronárias percutâneas. Os preditores contemporâneos dessas complicações são o sexo feminino e o uso de abciximab. O uso de dispositivos hemostáticos, especialmente em indivíduos do sexo masculino, é um fator protetor independente contra a ocorrência dessas complicações.
Background: Despite all advances in interventional cardiology, vascular complications remain relatively frequent and its contemporary predictors are not well studied. The current investigation was designed with the aim of evaluating the incidence and predictors of vascular complications after percutaneous coronary interventions performed by the femoral approach. Method: Between December 2005 and December 2006, 383 consecutive patients were submitted to percutaneous coronary interventions using the femoral approach and were clinically monitored for the detection of in-hospital vascular complications. Results: Vascular complications occurred in 6.5% of the patients and pseudoaneurism was the most frequently observed complication (2.6%). The independent predictors of vascular complications in the present study were female gender (odds ratio= 5.61; 95% CI= 1.99 - 15.76) and the use of abciximab (odds ratio= 3.02; 95% CI = 1.10 - 8.26). Vascular closure devices were the only independent protectors against vascular complications (odds ratio= 0.36; 95% CI = 0.12 - 0.99), specially when used in men. Conclusion: Vascular complications remain relativelly frequent after percutaneous coronary interventions. The contemporary predictors of these complications are female gender and the use of abciximab, while vascular closure devices act as independent protector against them, specially in men.