Automatic Classification of Rotor Faults in Soft-Started Induction Motors, Based on Persistence Spectrum and Convolutional Neural Network Applied to Stray-Flux Signals.

Due to their robustness, versatility and performance, induction motors (IMs) have been widely used in many industrial applications. Despite their characteristics, these machines are not immune to failures. In this sense, breakage of the rotor bars (BRB) is a common fault, which is mainly related to the high currents flowing along those bars during start-up. In order to reduce the stresses that could lead to the appearance of these faults, the use of soft starters is becoming usual. However, these devices introduce additional components in the current and flux signals, affecting the evolution of the fault-related patterns and so making the fault diagnosis process more difficult. This paper proposes a new method to automatically classify the rotor health state in IMs driven by soft starters. The proposed method relies on obtaining the Persistence Spectrum (PS) of the start-up stray-flux signals. To obtain a proper dataset, Data Augmentation Techniques (DAT) are applied, adding Gaussian noise to the original signals. Then, these PS images are used to train a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), in order to automatically classify the rotor health state, depending on the severity of the fault, namely: healthy motor, one broken bar and two broken bars. This method has been validated by means of a test bench consisting of a 1.1 kW IM driven by four different soft starters coupled to a DC motor. The results confirm the reliability of the proposed method, obtaining a classification rate of 100.00% when analyzing each model separately and 99.89% when all the models are analyzed at a time.

Social representations of sexual and reproductive rights: experiences of young men deprived of freedom / Representações sociais de jovens privados de liberdade acerca dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos

Abstract This paper aims to submit a research results whose objective is to interpret social representations considered by young inmate males from the Centro de Educaciòn El Oasis, in relation with sexual an reproductive rights and their incidence in adolescent pregnancy, in order to lead them to a resignification process evident in their own life project. It is a qualitative study developed from a participatory methodology in Colombia, 2015. The sample consisted of a total of 60 young adults, including 46 teens and managers. The techniques used were a social survey given to 46 adolescents, an unstructured interview to 30, focus groups and resignification workshops. The representations by teenagers and young people about the subject came from female figures, inculcated early, when still in their homes, according to the socio-cultural contexts in which they were inserted. Thus, their beliefs do not favor the development of practices aimed at preventing diseases and teenage pregnancy, in addition to reinforcing stereotyped ideals of masculinity and femininity and prejudices in relation to sex, prioritizing sexist and homophobic notions regarding gender roles.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo consistiu em interpretar as representações sociais de jovens detentos no Oasis Center acerca dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos e a incidência destes em gravidez na adolescência, a fim de conduzi-los a um processo de ressignificação que permite o exercício responsável desses, evidenciada em seus projetos de vida. Esse é um estudo qualitativo desenvolvido a partir de uma metodologia participante, na Colômbia, em 2015. A amostra foi composta por um total de 60 jovens adultos, incluindo 46 adolescentes e gestores da instituição. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados grupos de foco, oficinas de resignação, uma pesquisa social aplicada a 46 adolescentes, e uma entrevista não-estruturada realizada com 30 adolescentes. As representações dos adolescentes e jovens acerca do assunto foram oriundas de figuras femininas, inculcadas ainda em suas residências, de acordo com os contextos socioculturais em que estavam inseridos. Dessa forma, suas crenças não favorecem o desenvolvimento de práticas voltadas à prevenção de doenças e gravidez na adolescência, além de reforçarem ideais estereotipados de masculinidade e feminilidade e preconceitos em relação ao sexo, priorizando noções sexistas e homofóbicas relativas aos papéis de gênero.

Environmental exposure to pesticides and risk of thyroid diseases.

Occupational and environmental exposure to pesticides has been associated with thyroid dysfunction, particularly changes in circulating thyroid hormone levels (T3, T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). This study assessed the association between environmental exposure to pesticides and the risk of developing thyroid diseases. A population-based case-control study was carried out among Spanish populations living in areas categorized as of high or low pesticide use according to agronomic criteria, which were used as surrogates for environmental exposure to pesticides. The study population consisted of 79.431 individuals diagnosed with goiter, thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, and thyroiditis (according to the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision) and 1.484.257 controls matched for age, sex and area of residence. Data were collected from computerized hospital records for the period 1998 to 2015. Prevalence rates and risk of having thyroid diseases were significantly higher in areas with higher pesticide use, with a 49% greater risk for hypothyroidism, 45% for thyrotoxicosis, 20% for thyroiditis and 5% for goiter. Overall, this study indicates an association between increased environmental exposure to pesticides as a result of a greater agricultural use and diseases of the thyroid gland, thus supporting and extending previous evidence. This study also provides support to the methodology proposed for real-life risk simulation, thus contributing to a better understanding of the real life threat posed by exposure to multiple pesticides from different sources.

Association between environmental exposure to pesticides and epilepsy.

There is increasing evidence of an association between long-term environmental exposure to pesticides and neurodegenerative disorders; however, the relationship with epilepsy has not been addressed thus far. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and risk of developing epilepsy among people from South-East Spain living in areas of high vs. low exposure to pesticides based on agronomic data. The study population consisted of 4007 subjects with a diagnosis of epilepsy and 580,077 control subjects adjusted for age, sex and geographical area. Data were collected from hospital records of the Spanish health care system (basic minimum dataset) between the years 1998 and 2010. The prevalence of epilepsy was significantly higher in areas of greater pesticide use relative to areas of lesser use. Overall, an increased risk of epilepsy was observed in the population living in areas of high vs. low use of pesticides (OR: 1.65; p < 0.001). Although this study was exploratory in nature, the results suggest that environmental exposure to pesticides might increase the risk of having epilepsy.

Whipple's disease diagnosed during anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha treatment: two case reports and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Whipple's disease is a rare infectious disease caused by Tropheryma whipplei with protean clinical manifestations. This infection may mimic chronic inflammatory rheumatisms. CASE PRESENTATION: We report two cases of Whipple's disease diagnosed in the context of an inflammatory disease with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha failure. The first patient was a 58-year-old white man with psoriatic spondylarthritis, who was treated with adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, tocilizumab and golimumab. The second was a 73-year-old white man with rheumatoid arthritis, who received treatment with infliximab, then etanercept and rituximab. CONCLUSIONS: Whipple's disease should be suspected in all patients diagnosed with chronic inflammatory rheumatism, partially controlled or not controlled by treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha blockers, whose condition worsens after treatment.

Contribution of individual and environmental factors to physical activity level among Spanish adults.

BACKGROUND: Lack of physical activity (PA) is a major risk for chronic disease and obesity. The main aims of the present study were to identify individual and environmental factors independently associated with PA and examine the relative contribution of these factors to PA level in Spanish adults. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A population-based cross-sectional sample of 3,000 adults (18-75 years old) from Gran Canaria (Spain) was selected using a multistage stratified random sampling method. The participants were interviewed at home using a validated questionnaire to assess PA as well as individual and environmental factors. The data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. One demographic variable (education), two cognitive (self-efficacy and perceived barriers), and one social environmental (organized format) were independently associated with PA in both genders. Odds ratios ranged between 1.76-2.07 in men and 1.35-2.50 in women (both p<0.05). Individual and environmental factors explained about one-third of the variance in PA level. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Self-efficacy and perceived barriers were the most significant factors to meet an adequate level of PA. The risk of insufficient PA was twofold greater in men with primary or lesser studies and who are employed. In women, living in rural environments increased the risk of insufficient PA. The promotion of organized PA may be an efficient way to increase the level of PA in the general population. Improvement in the access to sport facilities and places for PA is a prerequisite that may be insufficient and should be combined with strategies to improve self-efficacy and overcome perceived barriers in adulthood.

Associations between screen time and physical activity among Spanish adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Excessive time in front of a single or several screens could explain a displacement of physical activity. The present study aimed at determining whether screen-time is associated with a reduced level of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in Spanish adolescents living in favorable environmental conditions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 3503 adolescents (12-18 years old) from the school population of Gran Canaria, Spain. MVPA, screen-time in front of television, computer, video game console and portable console was assessed in the classroom by fulfilling a standardized questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted by a set of social-environmental variables were carried out. Forty-six percent of girls (95% CI±2.3%) and 26% of boys (95% CI±2.1%) did not meet the MVPA recommendations for adolescents. Major gender differences were observed in the time devoted to vigorous PA, video games and the total time spent on screen-based activities. Boys who reported 4 hours•week(-1) or more to total screen-time showed a 64% (OR = 0.61, 95% CI, 0.44-0.86) increased risk of failing to achieve the recommended adolescent MVPA level. Participation in organized physical activities and sports competitions were more strongly associated with MVPA than screen-related behaviors. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: No single screen-related behavior explained the reduction of MVPA in adolescents. However, the total time accumulated through several screen-related behaviors was negatively associated with MVPA level in boys. This association could be due to lower availability of time for exercise as the time devoted to sedentary screen-time activities increases. Participation in organized physical activities seems to counteract the negative impact of excessive time in front of screens on physical activity.