Application of phytoaccumulation perspective of Monochoria hastate L. on fluoride contaminated water in hydroponic treatment: its statistical design and characterization studies.

The present research work approaches the accumulation of fluoride ions from contaminated water using an aquatic plant Monochoria hastate L. in hydroponic culture. A design of experiment (DOE) has been adopted and an analysis of variance has been conducted to establish the statistical significance of various process parameters. The different experimental factors are root and shoot (Factor A), fluoride concentration (Factor B), and experimental days (Factor C) largely influence the output response. Plants treated with 5 mg/L of fluoride solutions accumulated the highest concentration in root biomass 1.23 mg/gm, and shoot biomass 0.820 mg/gm, dry weight after 21 days' experimentation. The accumulation mechanism and potentiality of treated plants depend on root cells of the plasma membrane and energy-capturing molecules of adenosine triphosphate. Monochoria hastate L. root biomass was characterized to confirm the accumulation of fluoride ions in the experimented plants using scanning electron micrographs-energy dispersive spectrum (SEM-EDS), and Fourier transforms infrared analysis (FTIR) analysis.

The novelty of this study is the high fluoride accumulation efficiency in hydroponic treatment by Monochoria hastate L an excellent choice for phytoremediation technique. The Design of Experiment (DOE) has a good approach for the optimization of fluoride in the accumulation process. The maximum absorption of fluoride ions in root biomass is 1.23 mg/gm, and shoot biomass is 0.820 mg/gm, dry weight after 21 days of treatment. To know the fluoride ions in shoot and root biomass are characterized using scanning electron micrographs-energy dispersive spectrum (SEM-EDS), and Fourier transforms infrared analysis (FTIR).