RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To quantify the extent and depth of distortion of the foveal capillary architecture due to traction of an idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). METHODS: Multimodal imaging including OCT-A (Angiovue, Optovue) was performed in 42 eyes with idiopathic ERM (72.4 years ±6.8). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), OCT-A vessel density of the foveal (VDfo) and parafoveal (VDp) region were assessed. Based on 6 × 6-mm2 OCT-A images, a macular vessel density ratio (MVR = VDfo/VDp) was calculated for the superficial (s), deep (d) and full-thickness (f) slabs to assess a depth-resolved, non-invasive evaluation of foveal distortion. The acquired data were subdivided in a patient group with mild and significant BCVA reduction due to ERM. Data was compared to age-matched healthy controls. RESULTS: In all three slabs, MVR was significantly smaller in the control group in comparison with the ERM group: MVRs: 0.63 ± 0.1 vs 0.83 ± 0.1 (p > 0.001); MVRd: 0.60 ± 0.1 vs 0.73 ± 0.1 (p < 0.001); MVRf: 0.68 ± 0.1 vs 0.82 ± 0.1 (p < 0.001). Group 1 (BCVA <0.4 LogMar) showed a significantly higher MVR in comparison with the control group in the superficial plexus only: MVRs: 0.64 ± 0.1 vs 0.78 ± 0.1 (p < 0.001); MVRd: 0.60 ± 0.1 vs 0.65 ± 0.2 (p = 0.3); MVRf: 0.68 ± 0.1 vs 0.77 ± 0.1 (p = 0.01). However, group 2 (BCVA > = 0.4 LogMar) showed a significantly higher MVR in all three slabs: MVRs: 0.64 ± 0.1 vs 0.86 ± 0.1 (p < 0.001); MVRd: 0.60 ± 0.1 vs 0.77 ± 0.2 (p < 0.001); MVRf: 0.68 ± 0.1 vs 0.85 ± 0.1 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Assessing MVR using OCT-A may serve as a tool to quantify the extent and depth of distortion of the foveal capillary architecture due to traction of ERM. BCVA reduction appears to be associated with extent and depth of distortion.
Asunto(s)
Membrana Epirretinal/diagnóstico , Angiografía con Fluoresceína/métodos , Fóvea Central/irrigación sanguínea , Vasos Retinianos/patología , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodos , Anciano , Capilares/patología , Membrana Epirretinal/fisiopatología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Fondo de Ojo , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Agudeza VisualRESUMEN
We describe a laparoscopic technique of pyloric exclusion with gastroenterostomy and common bile duct T tube insertion for obvious perforation at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with papillotomy. The patient was operated on immediately after diagnosis of the lesion. The postoperative sequellae were very comparable to those of elective laparoscopic common bile duct exploration. We believe this approach is interesting, especially in the current era of frequent litigation.
Asunto(s)
Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/efectos adversos , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/métodos , Perforación Intestinal/etiología , Perforación Intestinal/cirugía , Píloro/cirugía , Conducto Colédoco/lesiones , Gastroenterostomía/métodos , Humanos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Foreign bodies are very rare in the common bile duct. We report an unusual case of transient obstructive jaundice, due to a choledochal stone formed around an ingested woody fiber. Review of the literature.
Asunto(s)
Reacción a Cuerpo Extraño/complicaciones , Cálculos Biliares/etiología , Anciano , Divertículo/complicaciones , Enfermedades Duodenales/complicaciones , Femenino , Cálculos Biliares/cirugía , HumanosRESUMEN
The twitch procedure in horses attenuates the increase in the heart rate evoked by pain-inducing stimuli and the reaction of the animals to such stimuli. Endorphin systems are probably involved in the effectiveness of the twitch, since its action is blocked by naloxone and its application increases plasma concentrations of immunoreactive beta-endorphin. The mode of action of the twitch cannot be explained by the generally accepted theory of divertive pain and may resemble that of classical acupuncture.