Urinary microRNAs expression in prostate cancer diagnosis: a systematic review.

PURPOSE: Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to have the potential as noninvasive diagnosis biomarkers in several types of cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). Urine-based miRNA biomarkers have been researched as an alternative tool in PCa diagnosis. However, few studies have performed miRNA detection in urine samples from PCa patients, as well as low numbers of miRNAs have been assayed, and there is a lack of standard strategies for validation. In this context, we conducted an in-depth literature review focusing on miRNAs isolated from urine samples that may contribute to the diagnosis of PCa. METHODS: A systematic review was performed searching the PubMed, Lilacs and Cochrane Library databases for articles focused on the value of significantly deregulated miRNAs as biomarkers in PCa patients. RESULTS: Only 18 primary manuscripts were included in this review, according to the search criteria. Our results suggest that miR-21-5p, miR-141-3p, miR-375 and miR-574-3p should be considered as potential urinary biomarkers for the diagnosis of PCa. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that large-scale prospective studies are still needed to validate our findings, using standardized protocols for analysis.

Baseline Basal Cell Hyperplasia Is not Associated With Baseline Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, Baseline Clinical Prostatitis or Prostate Cancer in Repeat Biopsies.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the presence of basal cell hyperplasia (BCH) in negative biopsies is associated with concurrent lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), clinical prostatitis, and future prostate cancer (PCa) in repeat prostate biopsy. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 6471 men, 50-75 years old with prostate-specific antigen between 2.5 and 10 ng/ml and prior negative biopsy who were enrolled in the Reduction by Dutasteride of PCa Events trial and underwent a 2-year repeat biopsy. The association between baseline BCH and risk of PCa, BPH/LUTS and clinical prostatitis measured at baseline were evaluated with logistic regression in uni/multivariable analysis, controlling for baseline patient characteristics. RESULTS: Among 6471 men enrolled, 84 (1.3%) had BCH in the baseline prostate biopsy. BCH was associated less chronic inflammation and more prostate atrophy (P < 0.05) and was unrelated to baseline patient characteristics. In both uni/multivariable analyses, BCH was not associated with PCa in repeat biopsy (univariable odds ratio [OR] = 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.53-1.82, P > 0.05; multivariable OR=1.15, 95% CI = 0.61-2.16, P > 0.05), BPH/LUTS (univariable OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.71-1.81, P > 0.05; multivariable OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.74-1.94, P > 0.05), or clinical prostatitis (univariable OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.18-1.81, P > 0.05; multivariable OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.18-1.83, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Among men undergoing repeat prostate biopsy with a baseline negative biopsy, BCH was associated with more histological atrophy and less chronic prostatitis, but was unrelated to LUTS/BPH, clinical prostatitis or future PCa risk.

Qualitative and quantitative high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of aldehydes in Brazilian sugar cane spirits and other distilled alcoholic beverages.

A study is presented on the high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of eighteen aldehydes in Brazilian sugar cane spirits and other international brandies. The aldehydes were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones (DNPHs). A very good chromatographic separation was achieved for eighteen different aldehyde-DNPHs. The proposed methodology is quite simple and not very time-consuming. Ten aldehydes were identified in 75 beverages and quantified using the external standard method with UV detection at 365 nm. A detailed knowledge of the aldehyde content should significantly contribute to improving the quality control of distilled spirits.