Current-sensitive Hall effect in a chiral-orbital-current state.

Chiral orbital currents (COC) underpin a novel colossal magnetoresistance in ferrimagnetic Mn3Si2Te6. Here we report the Hall effect in the COC state which exhibits the following unprecedented features: (1) A sharp, current-sensitive peak in the magnetic field dependence of the Hall resistivity, and (2) A current-sensitive scaling relation between the Hall conductivity σxy and the longitudinal conductivity σxx, namely, σxy ∝ σxxα with α reaching up to 5, which is exceptionally large compared to α ≤ 2 typical of all solids. The novel Hall responses along with a current-sensitive carrier density and a large Hall angle of 15% point to a giant, current-sensitive Hall effect that is unique to the COC state. Here, we show that a magnetic field induced by the fully developed COC combines with the applied magnetic field to exert the greatly enhanced transverse force on charge carriers, which dictates the COC Hall responses.

Exploration of surface tension measurement methods for pharmaceutical excipients.

Surface tension is a crucial functional indicator for various classes of pharmaceutical excipients, as highlighted in both the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (ChP) < 9601 Guidelines for Functionality-related Characteristics of Pharmaceutical Excipients > and the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) < 1059 Excipient Performance >. However, there are few systematic studies on surface tension measurement of pharmaceutical excipients, resulting in a lack of stable parameter support in practical applications. In this study, we aim to fill this gap by exploring three different methods for measuring surface tension. These methods were carefully developed taking into account the actual measurement process and statistical theory, thus ensuring their applicability and reliability. Through comparative analyses, we have identified the most suitable measurement methods for different classes of pharmaceutical excipients. In addition, this paper describes the surface adsorption behavior of various excipients. Therefore, this study provides valuable guidance for the determination of surface tension and the study of surface adsorption behavior, which lays the foundation for further comprehensive research in the field of surface tension of pharmaceutical excipients and the improvement of general pharmacopoeia specification.

Dual-Functional Injectable Hydrogel for Osteoarthritis Treatments.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent, chronic degenerative disease that affects people worldwide. It is characterized by the destruction of cartilage and inflammatory reactions. High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause oxidative stress, which damages lipids, proteins, and DNA, leading to cell damage and death. Furthermore, ROS also induces the production of inflammatory cytokines and cell chemotaxis, further worsening the inflammatory response and damaging cartilage resulted in limited movement. Herein, this work reports a dual-functional injectable hydrogel, which can help inhibit inflammation by scavenging ROS and provide lubrication to reduce wear and tear on the joints. To create the hydrogel, 3-aminophenylboronic acid modified hyaluronic acid is synthesized, then which is crosslinked with hydroxyl-containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to construct a dual dynamic covalent crosslinked hydrogel oHA-PBA-PVA gel, Gel (HPP). The hydrogel mentioned here possesses a unique bond structure that allows it to be injected, self-heal, and provide lubrication. This innovative approach offers a new possibility for treating osteoarthritis by combining anti-inflammatory and lubrication effects.

Control of chiral orbital currents in a colossal magnetoresistance material.

Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) is an extraordinary enhancement of the electrical conductivity in the presence of a magnetic field. It is conventionally associated with a field-induced spin polarization that drastically reduces spin scattering and electric resistance. Ferrimagnetic Mn3Si2Te6 is an intriguing exception to this rule: it exhibits a seven-order-of-magnitude reduction in ab plane resistivity that occurs only when a magnetic polarization is avoided1,2. Here, we report an exotic quantum state that is driven by ab plane chiral orbital currents (COC) flowing along edges of MnTe6 octahedra. The c axis orbital moments of ab plane COC couple to the ferrimagnetic Mn spins to drastically increase the ab plane conductivity (CMR) when an external magnetic field is aligned along the magnetic hard c axis. Consequently, COC-driven CMR is highly susceptible to small direct currents exceeding a critical threshold, and can induce a time-dependent, bistable switching that mimics a first-order 'melting transition' that is a hallmark of the COC state. The demonstrated current-control of COC-enabled CMR offers a new paradigm for quantum technologies.

Lipopeptide liposomes-loaded hydrogel for multistage transdermal chemotherapy of melanoma.

Transdermal administration of chemotherapeutics into tumor tissues may be an effective treatment to reduce toxic side effects and improve patient compliance for melanoma. Herein, we report a multistage transdermal drug delivery system for chemotherapy of melanoma. In this system, dendritic lipopeptide (DLP) modified multistage targeted liposomes (Mtlip) were incorporated into the hydrogel matrix to achieve localized and sustained drug release; Ultra-deformability of Mtlip can pass through dense stratum corneum to the epidermis where melanoma is located; Virus-mimicking Mtlip enhances the payload in tumor tissues by high permeability; The positive charged Mtlip can improve cell uptake efficiency and selectively accumulate into mitochondria to increases toxic. The efficacy of this type of multistage targeted liposomes loaded hydrogel in treating melanoma was systematically evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.

Classifying Ruptured Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms With a Machine Learning Based, Radiomics-Morphological Model: A Multicentral Study.

OBJECTIVE: Radiomics and morphological features were associated with aneurysms rupture. However, the multicentral study of their predictive power for specific-located aneurysms rupture is rare. We aimed to determine robust radiomics features related to middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms rupture and evaluate the additional value of combining morphological and radiomics features in the classification of ruptured MCA aneurysms. METHODS: A total of 632 patients with 668 MCA aneurysms (423 ruptured aneurysms) from five hospitals were included. Radiomics and morphological features of aneurysms were extracted on computed tomography angiography images. The model was developed using a training dataset (407 patients) and validated with the internal (152 patients) and external validation (73 patients) datasets. The support vector machine method was applied for model construction. Optimal radiomics, morphological, and clinical features were used to develop the radiomics model (R-model), morphological model (M-model), radiomics-morphological model (RM-model), clinical-morphological model (CM-model), and clinical-radiomics-morphological model (CRM-model), respectively. A comprehensive nomogram integrating clinical, morphological, and radiomics predictors was generated. RESULTS: We found seven radiomics features and four morphological predictors of MCA aneurysms rupture. The R-model obtained an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.822 (95% CI, 0.776, 0.867), 0.817 (95% CI, 0.744, 0.890), and 0.691 (95% CI, 0.567, 0.816) in the training, temporal validation, and external validation datasets, respectively. The RM-model showed an AUC of 0.848 (95% CI, 0.810, 0.885), 0.865 (95% CI, 0.807, 0.924), and 0.721 (95% CI, 0.601, 0.841) in the three datasets. The CRM-model obtained an AUC of 0.856 (95% CI, 0.820, 0.892), 0.882 (95% CI, 0.828, 0.936), and 0.738 (95% CI, 0.618, 0.857) in the three datasets. The CRM-model and RM-model outperformed the CM-model and M-model in the internal datasets (p < 0.05), respectively. But these differences were not statistically significant in the external dataset. Decision curve analysis indicated that the CRM-model obtained the highest net benefit for most of the threshold probabilities. CONCLUSION: Robust radiomics features were determined related to MCA aneurysm rupture. The RM-model exhibited good ability in classifying ruptured MCA aneurysms. Integrating radiomics features into conventional models might provide additional value in ruptured MCA aneurysms classification.

Virus-Mimicking Liposomal System Based on Dendritic Lipopeptides for Efficient Prevention Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in the Mouse Liver.

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a pathophysiological and huge challenge during liver surgical procedures. Herein, virus-mimicking liposomal system based on dendritic lipopeptides for efficient prevention of IRI is reported. These virus-mimicking liposomes not only have virus-like nanostructures and components, but also possess virus-like infections to liver tissue, liver cells, and organelles. The distinguished features for prevention of IRI of viral mimics are as follows: (i) viral envelope-like structure to help avoid the host immune system; (ii) well-defined nanostructure and surface to improve the accumulated efficiency in liver tissue; (iii) viral capsids mimic to enhance liver cell uptake and achieve mitochondrial targeting. This type of virus-mimicking design makes prevention of IRI by drug-loading greatly exceed the control groups with high biocompatibility and facile manufacturing.