Analog Gated Recurrent Unit Neural Network for Detecting Chewing Events.

We present a novel gated recurrent neural network to detect when a person is chewing on food. We implemented the neural network as a custom analog integrated circuit in a 0.18 µm CMOS technology. The neural network was trained on 6.4 hours of data collected from a contact microphone that was mounted on volunteers' mastoid bones. When tested on 1.6 hours of previously-unseen data, the analog neural network identified chewing events at a 24-second time resolution. It achieved a recall of 91% and an F1-score of 94% while consuming 1.1 µW of power. A system for detecting whole eating episodes-like meals and snacks-that is based on the novel analog neural network consumes an estimated 18.8 µW of power.

Inferring COPD Severity from Tidal Breathing.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an algorithm that can infer the severity level of a COPD patient's airflow limitation from tidal breathing data that is collected by a wearable device. METHODS: Data was collected from 25 single visit adult volunteers with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The ground truth airflow limitation severity of each subject was determined by applying the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) staging criteria to the subject's spirometry results. Spirometry was performed in a pulmonary function test laboratory under the supervision of trained clinical staff. Separately, the subjects' respiratory signal was measured during quiet breathing, and a classification model was built to infer the subjects' level of airflow limitation from the measured respiratory signal. The classification model was evaluated against the ground truth using leave-one-out testing. RESULTS: Severity of airway obstruction was classified as either mild/moderate or severe/very severe with an accuracy of 96.4%. CONCLUSION: Tidal breathing parameters that are measured with a wearable device can be used to distinguish between different levels of airflow limitation in COPD patients.