Current Status of Translational Science in Nursing Across Four Countries.

The raison d'être of nursing is caring for human beings. Mainly due to its close link to the nursing discipline's raison d'être, "caring," translational science is recently getting more attention from nursing scientists across the globe. This paper is to discuss the current status of translational science in nursing across four countries (the USA, Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan). The data used in this discussion paper included: (a) written notes on issues related translational research/science in individual countries; (b) written memos on exemplars/cases from their own experiences; and (c) summaries of literature reviews. The data analysis was conducted using a simple content analysis. Four themes reflecting the current status of translational science across the countries were identified: (a) "contextualized in unique culture and history of nursing"; (b) "connecting basic science to clinical practice"; (c) "an extension of evidence-based practice"; and (d) "highly promoted, but still minimal translation of nursing knowledge."

Nursing Variables Predicting Readmissions in Patients With a High Risk: A Scoping Review.

Unplanned readmission endangers patient safety and increases unnecessary healthcare expenditure. Identifying nursing variables that predict patient readmissions can aid nurses in providing timely nursing interventions that help patients avoid readmission after discharge. We aimed to provide an overview of the nursing variables predicting readmission of patients with a high risk. The authors searched five databases-PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus-for publications from inception to April 2023. Search terms included "readmission" and "nursing records." Eight studies were included for review. Nursing variables were classified into three categories-specifically, nursing assessment, nursing diagnosis, and nursing intervention. The nursing assessment category comprised 75% of the nursing variables; the proportions of the nursing diagnosis (25%) and nursing intervention categories (12.5%) were relatively low. Although most variables of the nursing assessment category focused on the patients' physical aspect, emotional and social aspects were also considered. This study demonstrated how nursing care contributes to patients' adverse outcomes. The findings can assist nurses in identifying the essential nursing assessment, diagnosis, and interventions, which should be provided from the time of patients' admission. This can mitigate preventable readmissions of patients with a high risk and facilitate their safe transition from an acute care setting to the community.

Effectiveness of self-management program for gastric cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial comparing gain vs. loss message framing.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-management program using gain/loss-framed messages in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 69 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy at a university hospital were assigned to the gain- or loss-framed message group. The self-management program consisted of: 1) face-to-face education, 2) gain/loss-framed text messages, and 3) self-monitoring of health behaviors. Health outcomes (i.e., nutritional status, physical activity, exercise intensity, and distress), and health behaviors (i.e., dietary habits, physical activity performance, and distress management) were measured, and a generalized estimating equation was used for the analysis. RESULTS: Nutritional status and dietary habits in the loss framed message group were statistically higher after the intervention compared to the counterpart (ß = -1.72, p = .049; ß = 0.36, p = .033, respectively). There was no time-group interaction effect on physical activity, exercise intensity, physical activity performance, distress or distress management. CONCLUSIONS: A self-management program employing loss-framed messages was effective in promoting nutrition-related self-management among patients with gastric cancer. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Message-framing is an effective communication technique that can be easily used in clinical settings, and a loss-message-framing strategy may enhance nutrition-related self-management in patients with gastric cancer.

The needs for digital health and eHeath literacy of cancer patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers: A multicenter, descriptive correlational study.

PURPOSE: Digital health is an indispensable tool, but its use depends on the eHealth literacy (eHL) of end-users. This study aimed to understand the need for digital health and eHL among cancer patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers and to identify differences in digital health needs related to the eHL of cancer patients. METHODS: A multicenter, descriptive correlational study was conducted and included a total of 209 patients, 150 caregivers and 150 healthcare providers. Digital health needs were identified, and eHL was measured using the Korean version of the eHealth Literacy Scale. Differences in digital health needs in relation to the eHL of patients were analyzed. RESULTS: The most necessary digital health functions among cancer patients and caregivers were 'information and education on symptom management after cancer treatment' and 'education on coping methods for each type of cancer' (87.1-94.0%). Healthcare providers reported the need for a digital health function for 'medication information' and assisting in 'medical appointments' (96.7-98.0%). The preferred types of digital health were telemonitoring, mobile services, and telemedicine by telephone (81.3-90.5%). The mean eHL score of the cancer patients was 28.84 ± 6.75. Differences existed in the need for digital health functions and preferences for digital health types between cancer patients with high and low eHL. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer patients and caregivers expressed strong needs for digital health that provide information and education about symptom management and coping with cancer. Digital health interventions for cancer care need to be developed to reflect the identified needs and preferences and eHL of end-users.

Effectiveness of a Nurse-Led Mobile-Based Health Coaching Program for Patients With Prostate Cancer at High Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Randomized Waitlist Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), a standard treatment for prostate cancer (PC), causes many physical side effects. In particular, it causes metabolic changes such as fasting glucose abnormalities or accumulation of body fat, and its continuation can lead to metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is closely related to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is important to maintain and practice a healthy lifestyle in patients with PC. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-led mobile-based program that aims to promote a healthy lifestyle in patients with PC undergoing ADT with MetS risk factors. METHODS: This was a single-blind, randomized, waitlist control interventional study. A total of 48 patients were randomly assigned to the experimental and waitlist control groups at the urology cancer clinic of a tertiary general hospital in South Korea. The inclusion criteria were patients who had undergone ADT for >6 months, had at least 1 of the 5 MetS components in the abnormal range, and could access a mobile-based education program. The experimental group attended a 4-week mobile-based program on exercise and diet that included counseling and encouragement to maintain a healthy lifestyle, whereas the control group was placed on a waitlist and received usual care during the follow-up period, followed by the intervention. The primary outcome was a change in the lifestyle score. The secondary outcomes were changes in 5 MetS components, body composition, and health-related quality of life. The outcomes were measured at 6 weeks and 12 weeks after the initiation of the intervention. Each participant was assigned to each group in a sequential order of enrollment in a 4×4 permuted block design randomization table generated in the SAS (SAS Institute) statistical program. A linear mixed model was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 24 participants were randomly assigned to each group; however, 2 participants in the experimental group dropped out for personal reasons before starting the intervention. Finally, 46 participants were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. The experimental group showed more positive changes in the healthy lifestyle score (ß=29.23; P≤.001), level of each MetS component (fasting blood sugar: ß=-12.0; P=.05 and abdominal circumference: ß=-2.49; P=.049), body composition (body weight: ß=-1.52; P<.001 and BMI: ß=-0.55; P<.001), and the urinary irritative and obstructive domain of health-related quality of life (ß=14.63; P<.001) over time than the waitlist control group. CONCLUSIONS: Lifestyle changes through nurse-led education can improve level of each MetS components, body composition, and ADT side effects. Nurses can induce positive changes in patients' lifestyles and improve the self-management of patients starting ADT through this program. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Research Information Service KCT0006560; http://tinyurl.com/yhvj4vwh.

Nursing diagnoses as factors associated with delirium among intensive care unit patients with sepsis: A retrospective correlational study.

AIMS: To examine whether nursing diagnoses were associated with delirium in patients with sepsis. BACKGROUND: Nursing diagnosis is a nurse's clinical judgement about clients' current or potential health conditions. Delirium is regarded as an important nurse-sensitive outcome. Nonetheless, nursing diagnoses associated with delirium have not yet been identified. DESIGN: Retrospective correlational study. METHODS: This study was carried out from December 2021 to January 2023. We analysed electronic health records of patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) of a tertiary hospital in Seoul, South Korea. Delirium was defined based on the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist score. Nursing diagnoses established within 24 h of admission to the ICU were included and were based on the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association diagnostic classification. The data were analysed using logistic regression. Demographics, comorbidities, procedures and physiological measures were adjusted. Regression model was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic curve, Nagelkerke R2, accuracy and F1 score. RESULTS: The prevalence of delirium in patients with sepsis was 51.8%. Ineffective breathing patterns, decreased cardiac output and impaired skin integrity were significant nursing diagnoses related to delirium. Age ≥ 65 years, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, mechanical ventilation, continuous renal replacement therapy, physical restraint and comatose state were also associated with delirium in patients with sepsis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.806. CONCLUSION: Ineffective breathing patterns, decreased cardiac output and impaired skin integrity could manifest as prodromal symptoms of delirium among patients with sepsis. IMPACT: The prodromal symptoms of delirium revealed through nursing diagnoses can be efficiently used to identify high-risk groups for delirium. The use of nursing diagnosis system should be recommended in clinical practice caring for sepsis patients. REPORTING METHODS: STROBE checklist. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public involvement.

Effects of a bowel function improvement program for patients with rectal cancer surgery: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a bowel function improvement program for male patients with rectal cancer who underwent low anterior resection. METHODS: A prospective, unblinded, and randomized controlled trial was conducted. The enrolled 42 patients were assigned to the experimental or control group at a 1:1 ratio. The bowel function improvement program comprised a 4-week intensive program (face-to-face education and telephone coaching) and an 8-week maintenance program (text messages). Self-efficacy, bowel function, health-related quality of life, and healthcare resource utilization were measured. Collected data were analyzed using independent t-tests, chi-square tests, analysis of covariance, and generalized estimation equations to evaluate the effects of the program based on intention-to-treat. RESULTS: The bowel function improvement program was effective in improving bowel function 3 months after discharge. Additionally, the number of unplanned pharmacy visits was lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Health-related quality of life, self-efficacy, and utilization of other healthcare resources were not statistically or clinically significant. CONCLUSION: These findings indicated that the bowel function improvement program for male patients with rectal cancer was effective in improving bowel function and reducing unplanned healthcare resource utilization. The bowel function improvement program can be delivered as a nurse-led program in clinical practice to promote early recovery after low anterior resection. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: KCT0003505. https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do/13708.

Effects of digital self-management symptom interventions on symptom outcomes in adult cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Digital self-management (SM) interventions targeting symptom relief have demonstrated positive as well as null outcomes, whereas no study has synthesized the effect of the interventions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of digital SM symptom interventions on symptom outcomes in adult cancer patients. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on the previous scoping review was conducted. Six databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, the Cochrane Library, RISS [Korean], and KoreaMed [Korean]) were searched. Population was adult cancer patients. Intervention was SM interventions applying digital health tool targeting symptom management. Comparison was usual care, waitlist controls or active controls. The primary outcome was symptom burden, and the secondary outcomes were individual symptoms. RESULTS: Our meta-analysis of 32 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 7888 patients demonstrated that digital SM symptom interventions had a significant effect on reducing symptom burden (effect size [ES] = -0.230) and relieving pain (ES = -0.292), fatigue (ES = -0.417), anxiety (ES = -0.320), and depression (ES = -0.261). CONCLUSIONS: Digital SM interventions can improve symptom outcomes in adult cancer patients. Oncology nurses should be aware that digital SM interventions have demonstrated promising outcomes in cancer patient care.

Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for Patients Following Low Anterior Resection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the effects of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) on bowel function and health-related quality of life among patients who have undergone low anterior resection. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of pooled findings was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. SEARCH STRATEGY: A literature search was completed using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and CINAHL electronic databases; we searched studies published in English and Korean languages. Two reviewers independently selected relevant studies, evaluated their methodological quality, and extracted data. Meta-analysis was conducted of pooled findings. FINDINGS: Thirty-six of 453 articles retrieved were read in full and 12 articles were included in the systematic review. In addition, pooled findings from 5 studies were selected for meta-analysis. Analysis revealed that PFMT reduced bowel dysfunction (mean difference [MD] -2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] -3.79 to -0.99) and improved several domains of health-related quality of life: lifestyle (MD 0.49, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.82), coping (MD 0.36, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.67), depression (MD 0.46, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.70), and embarrassment (MD 0.24, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.46). IMPLICATIONS: Findings suggested PFMT is effective for improving bowel function and enhancing multiple domains of health-related quality of life after low anterior resection. Further well-designed studies are required to confirm our conclusions and provide stronger evidence for the effects of this intervention.

Effects of discharge education using teach-back methods in patients with heart failure: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure is one of the most common causes of hospital readmission. Self-care is an essential but challenging task for patients with heart failure, and inadequate self-care is closely related to unplanned readmission and unnecessary health expenditure. Patient-centered education using the teach-back method emerged as a key strategy to prevent patients' adverse events by improving self-care. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of discharge education using the teach-back method on self-care, self-care efficacy, symptoms of heart failure, caregiver dependency, and unplanned healthcare resource utilization among patients with heart failure. DESIGN: A prospective, two-arm randomized controlled trial. SETTING(S): Four adult cardiology units at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, South Korea. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 100 patients diagnosed with heart failure and scheduled to be discharged to their homes. METHODS: The intervention group received the HEART program® in addition to the usual discharge education by a trained nurse before discharge, while the control group received usual discharge education only. The discharge education included the definition of heart failure, medication, symptom management, diet, physical activity, and other precautions. Data on self-care (self-care maintenance; symptom-perception; self-care management), self-care efficacy, symptoms of heart failure, and caregiver dependency were measured at 7-days after discharge (T1), and unplanned healthcare resource utilization (including readmission, emergency room visit, and healthcare professional contacts) was assessed at 1-month after discharge (T2). Outcomes were analyzed with ANCOVA. RESULTS: A total of 94 patients (intervention group = 45, control group = 49) completed outcome measurements at the three-time points. Participants in the intervention group showed a significant improvement in self-care maintenance (F = 11.597, p = 0.001), symptom perception (F = 20.173, p < 0.001), self-care management (F = 7.205, p = 0.009), and self-care efficacy (F = 4.210, p = 0.043) compared to the control group. However, there were no statistically significant differences in symptoms of heart failure, caregiver dependency, and unplanned healthcare resource utilization between the two groups (all ps > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrated that discharge education using the teach-back method is an effective educational strategy to improve self-care and self-care efficacy in patients with heart failure. We recommend nurses implement discharge education using the teach-back method for patients with heart failure. REGISTRATION: This study was registered at the Clinical Research Information Service (KCT0004444) on November 15, 2019, and the participant recruitment was initiated in June 2020.

Digital Health Interventions for Adult Patients With Cancer Evaluated in Randomized Controlled Trials: Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Digital care has become an essential component of health care. Interventions for patients with cancer need to be effective and safe, and digital health interventions must adhere to the same requirements. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify currently available digital health interventions developed and evaluated in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) targeting adult patients with cancer. METHODS: A scoping review using the JBI methodology was conducted. The participants were adult patients with cancer, and the concept was digital health interventions. The context was open, and sources were limited to RCT effectiveness studies. The PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Library, Research Information Sharing Service, and KoreaMed databases were searched. Data were extracted and analyzed to achieve summarized results about the participants, types, functions, and outcomes of digital health interventions. RESULTS: A total of 231 studies were reviewed. Digital health interventions were used mostly at home (187/231, 81%), and the web-based intervention was the most frequently used intervention modality (116/231, 50.2%). Interventions consisting of multiple functional components were most frequently identified (69/231, 29.9%), followed by those with the self-manage function (67/231, 29%). Web-based interventions targeting symptoms with the self-manage and multiple functions and web-based interventions to treat cognitive function and fear of cancer recurrence consistently achieved positive outcomes. More studies supported the positive effects of web-based interventions to inform decision-making and knowledge. The effectiveness of digital health interventions targeting anxiety, depression, distress, fatigue, health-related quality of life or quality of life, pain, physical activity, and sleep was subject to their type and function. A relatively small number of digital health interventions specifically targeted older adults (6/231, 2.6%) or patients with advanced or metastatic cancer (22/231, 9.5%). CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review summarized digital health interventions developed and evaluated in RCTs involving adult patients with cancer. Systematic reviews of the identified digital interventions are strongly recommended to integrate digital health interventions into clinical practice. The identified gaps in digital health interventions for cancer care need to be reflected in future digital health research.

Translation and validation of the patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment against the Mini-Nutritional Assessment for patients with gastric cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to (1) translate the PG-SGA into Korean according to a translation guideline, (2) validate the translated version against the Mini-Nutritional Assessment, and (3) determine the prevalence of malnutrition in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: The translation of the PG-SGA was based on the Guidelines for Translation by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation Group. The translated version was validated in 226 patients with gastric cancer, using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (AUC-ROC), measures of sensitivity, specificity, and the Youden index. The prevalence of malnutrition was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The AUC-ROC Korean version of the PG-SGA was 0.85, and a score of 12 was the most optimal cut-off score, with a sensitivity of 78.6% and a Youden index of 0.54. One-third of participants were malnourished, and 70% of them had more than one physical symptom affecting their food intake. Conclusions: The Korean version of the PG-SGA is an effective and valid assessment tool for evaluating malnutrition in patients with gastric cancer. A new cut-off score could be used in patients with gastric cancer to assess malnutrition.

Effectiveness of discharge education using teach-back method on readmission among heart failure patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to review and evaluate the effectiveness of discharge education using the teach-back method (TBM) on readmission rates among patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS: Searches were conducted in five electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) published until May 2022, followed by a manual search of reference lists. The risk of bias in the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias and Joanna Briggs Institute quasi-experimental critical appraisal tool, and meta-analysis was conducted using Cochrane Review Manager 5. RESULTS: Seven studies were included in the review, and the quality of the studies varied, with two studies scoring low on the overall risk of bias. Meta-analysis was conducted using six studies, demonstrating that discharge education using TBM significantly reduced the overall readmission rates (odds ratio = 0.40, 95% confidence interval 0.17-0.94). CONCLUSIONS: TBM is an effective educational strategy for reducing the readmission rate in discharged patients with HF. More rigorously designed studies evaluating the effectiveness of education using TBM in patients with HF are needed. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Nurses in clinical settings can use TBM in their discharge education to improve HF patients' understanding of the illness and impact long-term outcomes, such as readmission rates.

Exploring the experiences of frontline nurses caring for COVID-19 patients.

AIM: This study seeks to gain a comprehensive understanding of the experiences of frontline nurses who provided direct care for COVID-19 patients. BACKGROUND: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the demands on healthcare systems have been higher than before. Although previous studies have explored the experiences of frontline nurses, these experiences could vary depending on each country's social, cultural, and historical contexts. INTRODUCTION: In the midst of the global pandemic, sharing the experiences of COVID-19 frontline nurses could have implications for both nursing and nursing policies that could be applied to future pandemics. METHODS: This descriptive qualitative study comprised 14 South Korean nurses with a minimum of one month of experience working within a COVID-19 department. Individual interviews were conducted on a virtual platform, and a thematic analysis was employed. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies were used to ensure a detailed reporting of the study. RESULTS: Four themes and 12 subthemes were developed. The themes included: (1) feeling forced into a world of uncertainty; (2) providing unique care for COVID-19 patients; (3) perceiving barriers to providing quality care; and (4) seeking meaning in caring for COVID-19 patients. DISCUSSION: Nurses recognized their unique roles in caring for COVID-19 patients and sought new meanings within their profession. However, the poor work environment exacerbated the physical and emotional burden among the nurses and compromised the provision of quality care. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the nursing policy issues that need to be improved to ensure better quality care and a stronger healthcare system. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY: Governmental action is essential to ensure that nurses can maintain the quality of care they have provided during COVID-19 and any future pandemics.

The Current Status of Research Mentoring in Nursing Across 4 Countries: A Discussion Paper.

The purpose of this article is to discuss the current status of research mentoring in nursing across 4 countries (the United States, Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan) and to make suggestions for future research mentoring. Seven leaders reflected on the current status of research mentoring in nursing, provided exemplars/cases from their own experiences, and their reviews of the literature. Six themes were discussed: ( a ) "culturally defined"; ( b ) "professionally contextualized"; ( c ) "teaching research integrity and research practice"; ( d ) "with mutual respect and care"; ( e ) "based on effective communication"; and ( f ) "supported by institutional and governmental commitment and infrastructure."

Factors affecting the health-promoting behavior of thyroid cancer survivors: comparison by stage of cancer survivorship.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify differences in factors affecting health-promoting behaviors according to the survival stage of thyroid cancer survivors. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study analyzed data from 354 thyroid cancer survivors after diagnosis. The survivors were divided into three stages: (1) the acute stage (< 2 years after diagnosis), (2) extended stage (2-5 years after diagnosis), and (3) permanent stage (≥ 5 years after diagnosis). To measure health-promoting behavior, the revised Korean version of the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile questionnaires was used. The factors affecting the health-promoting behavior included social support, self-efficacy, fear of recurrence, and symptoms. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze factors affecting the health-promoting behavior according to survival stage. RESULT: The factors affecting the health-promoting behavior of thyroid cancer survivors differed by survival stage. In the acute stage, the factors of health-promoting behavior were self-efficacy (t = 4.76, p < .001) and social support (t = 3.54, p < .001). In the extended stage, symptoms (t = - 3.65, p < .001), social support (t = 2.61, p = .011), fear of recurrence (t = 2.18, p = .032), and receipt of radioiodine treatment (t = - 2.18, p = .032) were found to be significant variables that affected health-promoting behaviors. In the permanent stage, social support (t = 2.79, p = .007), receipt of radioiodine treatment (t = - 3.21, p = .002), and age (t = - 2.77, p = .007) were significant variables that affected health-promoting behaviors. CONCLUSION: The experience of thyroid cancer survivors varies as they progress through the survival stages; thus, health-promotion interventions should be tailored to each survival stage.

COVID-19 and nursing research across five countries/regions: Commonalities and recommendations.

With the recent impact by the COVID-19 pandemic, nursing research has gone through unexpected changes across the globe. The purpose of this special report is to present the commonalities in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing research across four countries, including the United States, South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, and one region, that is, Hong Kong, and to make recommendations for future nursing research during the immediate postpandemic period and future pandemic situations. To identify the commonalities, seven researchers/leaders from the five countries/regions had discussions through 3 days of an international workshop. The content for this discussion paper derived from: (a) the exemplars/cases of the COVID-19 impact on the research process, (b) researchers/leaders' presentations on the COVID-19 impact, and (c) memos from the workshop. The materials were analyzed using a simple content analysis. The commonalities included: (a) "a heavy emphasis on teaching and fluctuating productivity," (b) "increased funding opportunities and governmental support," (c) "gendered experience complicated by professional differences," (d) "delays and changes/modifications in research process," (e) "limited research settings and difficulties in getting access," and (f) "increased online dissemination activities with positive changes in the image of nursing." With all collective wisdom that nurse researchers have obtained during the COVID-19 pandemic, nursing research will evolve again for the successful future of the nursing discipline.

Development of a discharge education program using the teach-back method for heart failure patients.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) patients have difficulties in self-management after discharge. This study aimed to develop a discharge education program for HF patients using the teach-back method (TBM). METHODS: As a methodological study to develop a program, we applied the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) model comprised of (1) analysis using EMR data, systematic review, and focus group interviews, (2) design and development of a program draft, (3) tests of program validity using 15 experts, 10 nurses, and 10 patients, and (4) development of the final program. The content validity index (CVI), and understandability and actionability of the educational material were used. RESULTS: The discharge education program provides definitions and information about medication, symptom/weight/diet management, physical activity, and other precautions. The educational method uses TBM. The overall CVI for the program was 0.96, and all item CVIs were greater than 0.8. The understandability and actionability were 90.2 and 91.3 % in patients, and 94.6 and 86.8 % in nurses. The contents and methods of the program were appropriate for patients and providers. CONCLUSIONS: We expect the discharge education program using TBM to enhance self-management among HF patients. The process we used to develop this program could guide researchers and clinical practice.

Factors Influencing Resilience among Korean adolescents and young adult survivors of childhood cancer.

PURPOSE: The number of childhood cancer survivors has been steadily increasing because of improved cancer treatment outcomes. We aimed to examine the level of cancer stigma, coping, spirituality, hope, family communication, social support and resilience in adolescent and adult childhood cancer survivors and identify factors associated with resilience. METHOD: This study is a descriptive survey conducted on 139 childhood cancer survivors aged 15-29 years who had been diagnosed with cancer prior to the age of 19 years at a general hospital in Seoul. The questionnaire consisted of the Cancer Stigma Scale, Jalowiec Coping Scale, Functional Assessment of Chronic-Illness Therapy-Spirituality (FACIT-Sp), Hearth Hope Index (HHI), Parent-Adolescent Communication Inventory (PACI), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Haase Resilience in Illness Scale (HARS). Collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 23.0. RESULTS: Resilience positively correlated with courageous coping, spirituality, hope, family communication and social support, and negatively correlated with cancer stigma and defensive coping. Regression analyses revealed that courageous coping (ß = 0.303, p < .001), hope (ß = 0.317, p = .001), and solid tumor diagnosis (ß = -0.144, p = .012) were significantly predictive of resilience among childhood cancer survivors, and these factors explained 65.2% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: Resilience among childhood cancer survivors was higher with increasing courageous coping and hope and lower with solid tumors. These results suggest that coping and hope management should be included in the strategies to enhance the resilience of AYA cancer survivors.

Commonalities in Nursing Perspectives Among 6 Countries/Regions.

The purpose of this article is to identify the commonalities in nursing perspectives among 6 countries/regions (United States, South Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Hong Kong, and Thailand). Nine leaders from the 6 countries/regions reflected on what nursing perspectives were in their own countries/regions and provided exemplars/cases from their own experiences and literature reviews. The data were analyzed using a content analysis. Seven themes were extracted: (a) "embedded in cultural and historical contexts"; (b) "based on philosophical pluralism"; (c) "women-centered perspectives"; (d) "care-oriented holistic views"; (e) "ethical and humane views"; (f) "respecting and advocating"; and (g) "considering diversities."