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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acid challenge on the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the Dentinoenamel junction of primary and permanent teeth submitted to radiotherapy. For this purpose, a total of 178 dental fragments obtained from molars were used, and randomly divided into 2 groups (primary and permanent teeth) / 4 experimental subgroups (irradiated and non-irradiated, demineralized and non-demineralized). The fragments were exposed to radiation, with a dose fraction of 2 Gy, for 5 consecutive days, until a total dose of 60 Gy was reached, with a total of 30 cycles, for 6 weeks. To determine the activity of MMPs on the dentinoenamel junction (DEJ), in situ zymography assays on 0.6mm dental fragments were performed. To assess whether MMP activity would be impacted by an acidic environment, the fragments were placed in a demineralizing solution (pH of 4.8). The finding was that irradiation activated MMPs in DEJ and these effects were more evident in permanent when compared with primary teeth. When the effect of an acid challenge on MMPs activity was investigated, demineralization was observed not to increase MMPs activity in non-irradiated teeth, but it did increase MMPs activity in irradiated teeth. In conclusion, an acid challenge was found to exacerbate activation of MMPs in DEJ of permanent teeth submitted to irradiation, but not in primary teeth.
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Metaloproteinasas de la Matriz , Metaloproteinasas de la Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasas de la Matriz/efectos de la radiación , Metaloproteinasas de la Matriz/análisis , Humanos , Factores de Tiempo , Diente Primario/efectos de la radiación , Diente Primario/efectos de los fármacos , Dentina/efectos de la radiación , Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Dentina/enzimología , Dentición Permanente , Distribución Aleatoria , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Desmineralización Dental , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Análisis de Varianza , Valores de Referencia , Activación Enzimática/efectos de la radiación , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
This study aimed to assess the in vitro effects of re-irradiation on enamel and dentin properties, simulating head and neck cancer radiotherapy retreatment. Forty-five human permanent molars were classified into five groups: non-irradiated; irradiated 60 Gy, and re-irradiated with doses of 30, 40, and 50 Gy. Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were employed for analysis. Raman spectroscopy assessed intensity, spectral area, and specific peaks comparatively. Statistical analysis involved Kolmogorov-Smirnov and One-Way ANOVA tests, with Tukey's post-test (significance level set at 5%). Significant changes in irradiated, non-irradiated, and re-irradiated enamel peaks were observed, including phosphate (438 nm), hydroxyapatite (582 nm), phosphate (960 nm), and carbonate (1070 nm) (p < 0.05). Re-irradiation affected the entire tooth (p > 0.05), leading to interprismatic region degradation, enamel prism destruction, and hydroxyapatite crystal damage. Dentin exhibited tubule obliteration, crack formation, and progressive collagen fiber fragmentation. EDX revealed increased oxygen percentage and decreased phosphorus and calcium post-reirradiation. It is concluded that chemical and morphological changes in irradiated permanent teeth were dose-dependent, exacerbated by re-irradiation, causing substantial damage in enamel and dentin.
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Esmalte Dental , Dentina , Humanos , Esmalte Dental/efectos de la radiación , Esmalte Dental/química , Dentina/efectos de la radiación , Dentina/química , Espectrometría Raman , Diente/efectos de la radiación , Diente Molar/efectos de la radiaciónRESUMEN
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common type of genetic variation found in an individual's DNA sequences. SNPs can occur in both coding and non-coding regions of the genome and can affect gene expression, protein function, and disease susceptibility. In this systematic review, we evaluate the potential of SNPs as biomarkers in the assessment of oral mucositis (OM) severity in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients treated with concomitant chemoradiation (CRT). The study selection process involved screening 66 articles from different platforms, and after removing duplicates and excluding articles that did not meet the eligibility criteria, 23 articles were included for full-text evaluation. Among them, genes from several pathways were analyzed. The DNA damage repair pathways had the highest number of genes studied. The most frequently analyzed gene was XRCC1. The proinflammatory cytokine pathways evaluated were TNF, with three articles, and NF-κB, with one article. Most included studies showed a potential association between certain SNPs and high-grade mucositis. We conclude that SNPs can be used as possible biomarkers for the assessment of OM intensity in HNC patients, and further research is needed to explore the potential of SNPs in personalized medicine for HNC treatment.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acid challenge on the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the Dentinoenamel junction of primary and permanent teeth submitted to radiotherapy. For this purpose, a total of 178 dental fragments obtained from molars were used, and randomly divided into 2 groups (primary and permanent teeth) / 4 experimental subgroups (irradiated and non-irradiated, demineralized and non-demineralized). The fragments were exposed to radiation, with a dose fraction of 2 Gy, for 5 consecutive days, until a total dose of 60 Gy was reached, with a total of 30 cycles, for 6 weeks. To determine the activity of MMPs on the dentinoenamel junction (DEJ), in situ zymography assays on 0.6mm dental fragments were performed. To assess whether MMP activity would be impacted by an acidic environment, the fragments were placed in a demineralizing solution (pH of 4.8). The finding was that irradiation activated MMPs in DEJ and these effects were more evident in permanent when compared with primary teeth. When the effect of an acid challenge on MMPs activity was investigated, demineralization was observed not to increase MMPs activity in non-irradiated teeth, but it did increase MMPs activity in irradiated teeth. In conclusion, an acid challenge was found to exacerbate activation of MMPs in DEJ of permanent teeth submitted to irradiation, but not in primary teeth.
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The objective of this study was to compare the activation of gelatinases in dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) and underlying dentin of permanent teeth after experimental radiotherapy in conventional and hypofractionated modalities. Newly extracted third molars (n = 15) were divided into three experimental radiotherapy groups: control, conventional (CR), and hypofractionated (HR) (n = 5 per group). After in vitro exposure to ionizing radiation, following standardized protocols for each modality, a gelatinous substrate was incubated on the tooth slices (n = 10 per group). Activation of gelatinases was measured by in situ zymography, expressed in arbitrary fluorescence units (mm2) from three tooth regions: cervical, cuspal, and pit. Fluorescence intensity was compared among radiotherapy protocols and tooth regions in each protocol, considering a significance level of 5%. Considering all tooth regions, the fluorescence intensity of the CR group was higher than the HR and control groups, both in DEJ and underlying dentin (p <0.001). In addition, the fluorescence intensity was higher in underlying dentin when compared to DEJ in all groups (p <0.001). Considering each tooth region, a statistically significant difference between CR and HR was only observed in the pit region of underlying dentin (p <0.001). Significant and positive correlations between fluorescence intensities in DEJ and underlying dentin were also observed (p <0.001). Experimental radiotherapy influenced the activation of gelatinases, as well as exposure to the conventional protocol can trigger a higher activation of gelatinases when compared to hypofractionated, both in DEJ and underlying dentin.
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Esmalte Dental , Gelatinasas , Humanos , Dentina , Tercer MolarRESUMEN
Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the activation of gelatinases in dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) and underlying dentin of permanent teeth after experimental radiotherapy in conventional and hypofractionated modalities. Newly extracted third molars (n = 15) were divided into three experimental radiotherapy groups: control, conventional (CR), and hypofractionated (HR) (n = 5 per group). After in vitro exposure to ionizing radiation, following standardized protocols for each modality, a gelatinous substrate was incubated on the tooth slices (n = 10 per group). Activation of gelatinases was measured by in situ zymography, expressed in arbitrary fluorescence units (mm2) from three tooth regions: cervical, cuspal, and pit. Fluorescence intensity was compared among radiotherapy protocols and tooth regions in each protocol, considering a significance level of 5%. Considering all tooth regions, the fluorescence intensity of the CR group was higher than the HR and control groups, both in DEJ and underlying dentin (p <0.001). In addition, the fluorescence intensity was higher in underlying dentin when compared to DEJ in all groups (p <0.001). Considering each tooth region, a statistically significant difference between CR and HR was only observed in the pit region of underlying dentin (p <0.001). Significant and positive correlations between fluorescence intensities in DEJ and underlying dentin were also observed (p <0.001). Experimental radiotherapy influenced the activation of gelatinases, as well as exposure to the conventional protocol can trigger a higher activation of gelatinases when compared to hypofractionated, both in DEJ and underlying dentin.
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a ativação de gelatinases na junção dentina-esmalte (DEJ) e na dentina subjacente de dentes permanentes após a radioterapia experimental nas modalidades convencional e hipofracionada. Os terceiros molares recém-extraídos (n = 15) foram divididos em três grupos de radioterapia experimental: controle, convencional (CR) e hipofracionada (HR) (n = 5 por grupo). Após a exposição in vitro à radiação ionizante, seguindo protocolos padronizados para cada modalidade, um substrato gelatinoso foi incubado nas fatias de dente (n = 10 por grupo). A ativação das gelatinases foi medida por zimografia in situ, expressa em unidades arbitrárias de fluorescência (mm2) de três regiões do dente: cervical, cúspide e fossa. A intensidade da fluorescência foi comparada entre os protocolos de radioterapia e as regiões do dente em cada protocolo, considerando um nível de significância de 5%. Considerando todas as regiões do dente, a intensidade de fluorescência do grupo CR foi maior do que a dos grupos HR e controle, tanto no DEJ quanto na dentina subjacente (p <0,001). Além disso, a intensidade da fluorescência foi maior na dentina subjacente quando comparada à DEJ em todos os grupos (p <0,001). Considerando cada região do dente, uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre CR e HR foi observada apenas na região da fossa da dentina subjacente (p <0,001). Também foram observadas correlações significativas e positivas entre as intensidades de fluorescência no DEJ e na dentina subjacente (p <0,001). A radioterapia experimental influenciou a ativação das gelatinases, assim como a exposição ao protocolo convencional pode desencadear uma maior ativação das gelatinases quando comparada ao hipofracionamento, tanto no DEJ quanto na dentina subjacente.
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ABSTRACT Aim: To evaluate the radiotherapy (RT) effect in the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) function in men with prostate cancer (PC). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study included three groups of patients with PC and RT indication: 1) Pre-RT group: evaluated before the beginning of RT; 2) Acute group: evaluated between six months and one year after RT; 3) Late Group: evaluated between two and a half years and four years post-RT. PFM assessment was divided into: a) functional assessment through the digital anal palpation (Modified Oxford Scale) and surface electromyography (sEMG) with anal probe; b) anatomical assessment by pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with thickness measurements of levator ani muscle and pelvic specific parameters at rest and under Valsalva maneuver. We used Student t test, considering as significant p <0.05. Results: Thirty-three men were assessed: Pre-RT (n=12); Acute (n=10) and Late (n=11) groups. PFM functional assessment showed Late group with lower electromyographic activity, especially in the sustained contractions when compared to the Pre-RT (p=0.003) and Acute groups (p=0.006). There was no significant difference between groups in MRI. Conclusion: PFM functional assessment showed a decrease in sEMG activity in the Late group post-RT. Most of the sample (72.7%) did not know how to actively contract the PFM or had a weak voluntary contraction when assessed by digital anal palpation. Also, these patients presented higher prevalence of pelvic complaints. No changes were observed in the morpho-functional parameters evaluated by MRI, except the measurement of the membranous urethra length when comparing Pre-RT Group and Acute and Late Groups.
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Humanos , Masculino , Próstata/inmunología , Diafragma Pélvico/diagnóstico por imagen , Palpación , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Estudios Transversales , Electromiografía , Contracción MuscularRESUMEN
SUMMARY This recommendation consensus for hypofractionated whole-breast radiotherapy (RT) was organized by the Brazilian Society of Radiotherapy (SBRT) considering the optimal scenario for indication and safety in the technology applied. All controversies and contraindication matters (hypofractionated RT in patients who underwent chemotherapy [CT], hypofractionated RT in lymphatic drainage, hypofractionated RT after mastectomy with or without immediate reconstruction, boost during surgery, hypofractionated RT in patients under 50 years old, hypofractionated RT in large breasts, hypofractionated RT in histology of carcinoma in situ [DCIS]) was discussed during a meeting in person, and a consensus was reached when there was an agreement of at least 75% among panel members. The grade for recommendation was also suggested according to the level of scientific evidence available, qualified as weak, medium, or strong. Thus, this consensus will aid Brazilian radiotherapy experts regarding indications and particularities of this technique as a viable and safe alternative for the national reality.
RESUMO Este consenso de recomendações para a radioterapia (RT) hipofracionada de toda a mama foi organizado pela Sociedade Brasileira de Radioterapia (SBRT) considerando o cenário ideal para indicação e segurança na tecnologia aplicada. Questões de controvérsias e contraindicações (RT hipofracionada em pacientes submetidas à quimioterapia [QT], RT hipofracionada nas drenagens linfáticas, RT hipofracionada após mastectomia com ou sem reconstrução imediata, a realização de reforço de dose em leito cirúrgico [ou boost], RT hipofracionada em pacientes com idade menor que 50 anos, RT hipofracionada em mamas volumosas, RT hipofracionada em histologia de carcinoma in situ [CDIS]) foram discutidas em encontro presencial, sendo o consenso atingido quando existisse concordância de pelo menos 75% dos panelistas. O grau de recomendação foi também sugerido de acordo com o nível de evidência científico disponível, qualificado entre fraco, médio ou forte. Assim, este consenso deverá servir para auxiliar os especialistas da radioterapia brasileira em relação às indicações e particularidades dessa técnica, como uma alternativa segura e viável para a realidade nacional.
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Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/radioterapia , Carcinoma/radioterapia , Hipofraccionamiento de la Dosis de Radiación/normas , Brasil , Mama/efectos de la radiación , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Carcinoma/patología , Factores de Riesgo , Medicina Basada en la EvidenciaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the method of analysis of electromyographic data considering the functional assessment of pelvic floor muscles (PFM). We have included in our search strategy the following databases: Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PEDro, and IBECS, considering articles published in the last ten years (2004-2014). The identified articles were independently examined by two evaluators, according to these inclusion criteria: (1) population: female adults; (2) PFM assessment by electromyography (EMG) with vaginal/anal probe; and (3) description of how electromyographic data analysis is performed. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the risk of bias. We identified 508 articles, of which 23 were included in the review. The data showed differences between the collection protocols, and a significant number of studies did not normalize the electromyographic data. Physiotherapists are among the clinicians who most frequently use EMG to evaluate the function and dysfunction of the neuromuscular system. Although some previous studies have provided an overview to guide the evaluator in the assessment, few succeeding studies followed their recommendations.
RESUMO Este estudo objetiva analisar o método de análise dos dados eletromiográficos na avaliação funcional dos músculos do assoalho pélvico (MAP). As bases de dados consultadas foram: Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials e Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PEDro e IBECS, considerando-se artigos publicados nos últimos dez anos (2004-2014). Os artigos identificados foram avaliados independentemente por dois avaliadores, de acordo com os critérios de inclusão: (1) população: mulheres adultas; (2) avaliação dos MAP utilizando a eletromiografia (EMG) com sonda vaginal ou anal; (3) descrição de como é feita a análise dos dados eletromiográficos. O instrumento Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) foi usado para avaliação da qualidade metodológica dos estudos. Foram identificados 508 artigos, dos quais 23 foram incluídos na revisão. Os dados mostraram diferenças entre os protocolos de coleta, e um número significativo de estudos não utilizaram a normalização na análise dos dados eletromiográficos. Os fisioterapeutas estão entre os profissionais que mais utilizam a EMG para avaliar a função e disfunção do sistema neuromuscular. Apesar de alguns estudos anteriores fornecerem uma visão geral para orientar o avaliador no uso deste instrumento, poucos estudos subsequentes seguiram suas recomendações.
RESUMEN Se evaluó, en este estudio, el método de análisis de los datos electromiográficos en la evaluación funcional de los músculos del suelo pélvico. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron: Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PEDro y IBECS. La investigación fue refinada considerándose artículos publicados en los últimos diez años (2004 a 2014). Se evaluaron de forma independiente los artículos identificados por dos evaluadores, según los siguientes criterios de inclusión: (1) población: mujeres adultas; (2) evaluación de los músculos del suelo pélvico utilizándose la electromiografía (EMG) con sonda vaginal o anal; (3) descripción de cómo es el análisis de los datos electromiográficos. Se utilizó el instrumento Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) para evaluar la calidad metodológica de los estudios. Se identificaron 508 artículos y 23 de estos fueron incluidos en la revisión. Los datos mostraron diferencias entre los protocolos de recolección y un número significativo de estudios no utilizaron la normalización en el análisis de los datos electromiográficos. Los fisioterapeutas están entre los profesionales que más utilizan la EMG para evaluar la función y disfunción del sistema neuromuscular. Aunque algunos estudios anteriores proporcionen una visión general para orientar el evaluador en el uso de este instrumento, pocos estudios posteriores han seguido sus recomendaciones.
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Abstract Introduction: Despite the technical and scientific progress that improved therapeutic resources available in Oncology, adverse effects of treatment can be prominent, impacting the quality of life (QoL). Objective: This research aims to determine the prevalence of post-radiotherapy pelvic symptoms in prostate cancer (PC) and its impact on QoL. Methods: We assessed three groups of patients at different stages during radiotherapy (RT): Pre-RT, evaluated before of RT; Post-RT#1, evaluated between six months and one year post-RT; Post-RT#2, evaluated between two and a half and four years post-RT. The presence of urinary incontinence (UI), its characteristics and impact on daily living activities (DLA) were evaluated by ICIQ-SF questionnaire. WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to assess QoL. Student t test was used, considering significant p < 0.05. Results: Thirty-three men were assessed (pre-RT, n = 12; Post-RT#1, n = 10; Post-RT#2, n = 11). The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) was highest in Post-RT#1 group. Post-RT#2 group had the highest prevalence of post-RT UI. In QoL, Pre-RT and Post-RT#2 groups experiencing the greatest impact on physical, environmental and overall QoL. Conclusion: Acute effect of RT is characterized by a high prevalence of LUTS. Post-RT#2 group experienced the most adverse effects on DLA due to a higher prevalence of post-RT UI.
Resumo Introdução: Apesar do progresso técnico e científico que melhorou recursos terapêuticos disponíveis na Oncologia, efeitos adversos do tratamento podem ser proeminentes, impactando a qualidade de vida (QoL). Objetivo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo determinar a prevalência de sintomas pélvicos pós-radioterapia no câncer de próstata (CaP) e seu impacto na QoL. Métodos: Avaliou-se três grupos de pacientes com CaP em diferentes estágios da radioterapia (RT): (1) Pré-RT, avaliados antes da RT; (2) Pós-RT #1, avaliados entre seis meses e um ano pós-RT; (3) Pós-RT #2, avaliados entre dois anos e meio e quatro anos pós-RT. A presença de incontinência urinária (IU), suas características e o impacto sobre as atividades da vida diária (AVD) foram avaliados através do questionário ICIQ-SF. O questionário WHOQOL-BREF foi utilizado para avaliar a QoL. O teste t de Student foi utilizado para análise estatística, considerando significativo p < 0,05. Resultados: Trinta e três homens foram avaliados (pré-RT, n = 12; Pós-RT #1, n = 10; Pós-RT #2, n = 11). A prevalência de sintomas do trato urinário inferior (STUI) foi maior no grupo Pós-RT #1. O grupo Pós-RT #2 teve a maior prevalência de IU pós RT. Na avaliação da QoL, os grupos Pré-RT e Pós-RT #2 apresentaram maior impacto negativo sobre os índices relacionados aos quesitos físico, ambiental e global. Conclusão: O efeito agudo da RT foi caracterizado por uma elevada prevalência de STUI. O grupo Pós-RT #2 experimentaram maior impacto negativo as AVD, devido a uma maior prevalência de IU pós RT.
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Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Calidad de Vida , Radioterapia , Oncología Médica , Incontinencia Urinaria , Salud Pública , Prevalencia , Síntomas del Sistema Urinario InferiorRESUMEN
Summary Objective: To compare nutritional risk in adult patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the beginning, middle, and end of oncologic treatment. Method: This prospective, comparative study included 83 adult patients, 44 undergoing chemotherapy (CT group) and 39 undergoing radiotherapy (RT group) at an oncology treatment center. Nutritional risk was determined by NRS-2002 in the beginning, middle, and end of therapy. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 8.0 software. Results: No differences in food intake or body mass index were observed between the CT (24.6±4.8 kg/m²) and RT groups (25.0±5.9 kg/m², p=0.75). Weight loss in the preceding 3 months was detected in 56.8% of CT group and 38.5% of RT group (p=0.09). The weight loss percentage compared with the usual weight within 3 months was greater (p<0.001) in the CT (11.4±6.5%) than in the RT group (3.9±6.8%). In the beginning of treatment, we observed high percentages of patients at moderate (18.2 vs. 15.4%, p=0.73) and high nutritional risk (61.4 vs. 48.7%, p=0.25), with no statistical difference between the CT and RT groups, respectively. During therapy, the nutritional risk remained unaltered in both groups. In the end of therapy, the majority of patients were at moderate (18.2 vs. 12.8%, p=0.50) or severe nutritional risk (50.0 vs. 51.3%, p=0.91), in the CT and RT groups, respectively, regardless of the type of oncologic treatment. Conclusion: The high prevalence of patients at moderate or high nutritional risk in the beginning of treatment indicates the need for an early and continuous follow-up of the nutritional status of patients undergoing oncologic treatment.
Resumo Objetivo: comparar o risco nutricional de pacientes adultos submetidos a quimio e radioterapia no início, no meio e ao término do tratamento oncológico. Método: estudo prospectivo e comparativo conduzido com 83 pacientes adultos de um centro de tratamento oncológico, sendo 44 sujeitos sob quimioterapia (grupo QTx) e 39 sob radioterapia (grupo RTx). O risco nutricional foi determinado pelo questionário NRS-2002 no início, ao meio e ao término da terapia. A análise estatística foi feita com o software Statistica 8.0. Resultados: não houve diferença no padrão de ingestão alimentar e no IMC (24,6±4,8 vs. 25±5,9 kg/m²; p=0,75) nos grupos QTx e RTx, respectivamente. Perda de peso nos 3 meses precedentes ocorreu em 56,8% dos pacientes sob quimioterapia e em 38,5% daqueles sob radioterapia (p=0,09). Os pacientes do grupo QTx apresentaram maior porcentagem de perda de peso em relação ao habitual em 3 meses (11,4±6,5 vs. 3,9±6,8%; p<0,001). No início do tratamento, houve alta taxa de risco nutricional moderado (18,2 vs. 15,4%; p=0,73) e grave (61,4 vs. 48,7%; p=0,25), sem diferença estatística entre os grupos QTx e RTx, respectivamente. No meio do tratamento, o risco nutricional foi mantido em ambos os grupos. Ao término da terapia, mais da metade dos pacientes apresentava risco nutricional moderado (18,2 vs. 12,8%; p=0,50) ou grave (50 vs. 51,3%; p=0,91), independentemente da modalidade de tratamento oncológico. Conclusão: a alta prevalência de risco nutricional moderado ou grave no início do tratamento aponta para a necessidade de abordagem nutricional precoce e permanente durante a terapia oncológica.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Anciano , Radioterapia/efectos adversos , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Desnutrición/etiología , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/complicaciones , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Factores de Tiempo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Pérdida de Peso , Evaluación Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Estudios Prospectivos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores de Riesgo , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/radioterapiaRESUMEN
Introdução: O glioblastoma multiforme é a neoplasia de sistema nervoso central mais letal, com sobrevida média em torno de 13 meses e a de pior prognóstico dentre todos os gliomas. A abordagem terapêutica do glioblastoma consiste em neurocirurgia com ressecção máxima possível do volume tumoral, seguida de radioterapia e quimioterapia. A radioterapia reduz o risco de recidiva tumoral por meio de lesão direta e indireta ao ácido desoxirribonucleico tumoral. Os efeitos em longo prazo da radioterapia incluem necrose tecidual, vasculopatia e neoplasia induzida pela radiação. Os tumores malignos intracranianos secundários mais reportados incluem meningiomas, gliomas e sarcomas. O período de latência entre a radioterapia de crânio e o surgimento de lesões radioinduzida varia na literatura entre seis meses a 47 anos, com média de 18,7 anos. Relato de caso: O presente relato descreve o surgimento de sarcoma fusocelular de alto grau radioinduzido após dez meses em paciente que recebeu tratamento de glioblastoma no Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Conclusão: A raridade dessa associação se deve provavelmente à baixa sobrevida dos pacientes com glioblastoma, limitando assim o tempo para desenvolvimento de neoplasias secundárias.
Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme and neoplasia is the deadliest cancer of the central nervous system, with survival rates averaging around 13 months and it shows the worst prognosis among all gliomas. The therapeutic approach of glioblastoma is based on a full neurosurgical resection of the tumor volume followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Radiotherapy reduces the risk of recurrence by direct and indirect deoxyribonucleic acid damage of the tumor. The long-term effects of radiotherapy include tissue necrosis, vascular injury and neoplasia induced by radiation. The majority of secondary intracranial tumors and most commonly reported include meningiomas, gliomas and sarcomas. The latency period between the cranial radiotherapy and the onset of radiation-induced injuries in the literature varies between six months to 47 years, with an average of 18.7 years. Case report: This report describes the onset of spindle cell sarcoma of highly radiation-induced after ten months in a patient who received treatment of Glioblastoma at the General Hospital of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Ribeirao Preto. Conclusion: The rarity of this association is probably due to poor survival of patients with Glioblastoma, thus limiting the time for development of secondary malignancies.
Introducción: El glioblastoma multiforme es el cáncer más mortal del sistema nervioso central, con una supervivencia media acerca de 13 meses, y tiene el peor pronóstico entre todos los gliomas. El enfoque terapéutico del glioblastoma es la resección neurocirugica completo del volumen del posible tumor, seguido por radioterapia y quimioterapia. La radioterapia reduce el riesgo de reincidencia debido a daño directo e indirecto para el ácido desoxirribonucleico del tumor. Los efectos a largo plazo de la terapia de radiación incluyen necrosis de los tejidos, lesión vascular y el cáncer inducido por radiación. Los tumores intracraneales malignos secundarios más comunes incluyen meningiomas, gliomas y sarcomas. El período de latencia entre la radioterapia craneal y la aparición de las lesiones inducidas por radio en la literatura varía entre seis meses a 47 años, con una media 18,7 años. Caso clínico: Este caso describe la aparición de sarcoma de células fusiformes de grado alto inducida por radiación después de diez meses en un paciente que recibió tratamiento de glioblastoma en el Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto, de la Universidad de Sao Paulo. Conclusión: Esta asociación poco común es probablemente debida a la mala supervivencia de los pacientes con glioblastoma, lo que limita el tiempo para el desarrollo de neoplasias malignas secundarias.
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Humanos , Masculino , Radioterapia/efectos adversos , Sarcoma/radioterapia , Glioblastoma/complicaciones , Glioblastoma/mortalidadRESUMEN
PURPOSE: In this paper we report the oncological outcomes from clinical series of patients with rectal cancer submitted to local excision after neoadjuvant therapy and discuss the indications for local excision in partial clinical responders. METHODS: We analysed a prospective database of 39 patients submitted to a transanal endoscopic operation for rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation between 2006 and 2015, comparing clinical and pathological variables, perioperative complications, recurrence rate and overall survival. RESULTS: We obtained 15.4% ypT0, 17.9% ypT1, 35.9% ypT2 and 28.2% ypT3. After a median follow-up of 24 months, tumoral recurrence was observed in 4 patients, one of them with isolated pulmonary metastasis. R0 resection was achieved in 79.5%, and postoperative complications were observed in 30.2% patients and no perioperative mortality occur. Compromise surgical margins do not affect recurrence rate, and 94.9% of patients are alive nowadays. CONCLUSION: Local excision could be associated with low recurrence rate and good overall survival. Short hospitalization time and low level of serious complications observed could be an interesting option for patients who would not tolerate a radical procedure or for those who declined a total mesorectal excision. A strict long-term follow-up must be warranted to detect early tumoral recurrence.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Cirugía Endoscópica Transanal/métodos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Neoplasias del Recto/mortalidad , Neoplasias del Recto/patología , Factores de Tiempo , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidad , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios de Seguimiento , Resultado del Tratamiento , Terapia Neoadyuvante/métodos , Terapia Neoadyuvante/mortalidad , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Tempo Operativo , Cirugía Endoscópica Transanal/mortalidad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Estadificación de NeoplasiasRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effect of physical therapy on the range of motion of the shoulders and perimetry of the upper limbs in women treated with radiotherapy for breast cancer. Methods: a total of 35 participants were randomized into two groups, with 18 in the control group (CG) and 17 in the study group (SG). Both of the groups underwent three evaluations to assess the range of motion of the shoulders and perimetry of the upper limbs, and the study group underwent supervised physical therapy for the upper limbs. Results: the CG had deficits in external rotation in evaluations 1, 2, and 3, whereas the SG had deficits in flexion, abduction, and external rotation in evaluation 1. The deficit in abduction was recovered in evaluation 2, whereas the deficits in all movements were recovered in evaluation 3. No significant differences in perimetry were observed between the groups. Conclusion: the applied supervised physical therapy was effective in recovering the deficit in abduction after radiotherapy, and the deficits in flexion and external rotation were recovered within two months after the end of radiotherapy. Registration number of the clinical trial: NCT02198118.
RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o efeito da fisioterapia na amplitude de movimento do ombro e na perimetria do membro superior, aplicada durante o período da radioterapia nas mulheres em tratamento para o câncer de mama. Métodos: 35 voluntárias foram randomizadas em dois grupos, 18 para o grupo controle e 17 para o grupo de estudo. Os dois grupos foram submetidos a três avaliações da amplitude de movimento do ombro e perimetria do membro superior, sendo o grupo de estudo também submetido à fisioterapia supervisionada para os membros superiores. Resultados: o grupo controle apresentou déficit entre os membros para o movimento de rotação externa nas avaliações 1, 2 e 3. O grupo de estudo apresentou déficit entre os membros para os movimentos de flexão, abdução e rotação externa na avaliação 1. Houve recuperação do déficit de movimento de abdução na avaliação 2 e, na avaliação 3, os déficits de todos os movimentos estavam recuperados. Na análise da perimetria não foi observada diferença significativa. Conclusão: o protocolo fisioterapêutico supervisionado aplicado foi efetivo na recuperação do déficit de abdução pós-radioterapia e de flexão e rotação externa quando avaliados até 2 meses após o término da radioterapia. Número do registro do ensaio clínico: NCT02198118.
RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la terapia física en el rango de movimiento de los hombros y la perimetría de las extremidades superiores en mujeres tratadas con radioterapia debido a cáncer de mama. Métodos: un total de 35 participantes fueron aleatorizadas en dos grupos, 18 en el grupo control y 17 en el grupo de estudio. Ambos grupos fueron sometidos a tres evaluaciones para evaluar el rango de movimiento de los hombros y la perimetría de las extremidades superiores, y el grupo de estudio fue sometido a terapia física supervisada de las extremidades superiores. Resultados: el grupo de control tuvo déficits en la rotación externa en la evaluación 1, 2, y 3, mientras que el grupo de estudio tuvo déficits en la flexión, abducción y rotación externa en la evaluación 1. El déficit en la abducción fue recuperado en la evaluación 2, mientras que los déficits en todos los movimientos fueron recuperados en la evaluación 3. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la perimetría. Conclusión: la terapia física supervisada aplicada fue efectiva en la recuperación del déficit en la abducción después de la radioterapia y los déficits en flexión y rotación externa fueron recuperados dos meses después de terminada la radioterapia. Número de registro del ensayo clínico: NCT02198118.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Traumatismos por Radiación/terapia , Neoplasias de la Mama/radioterapia , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Lesiones del Hombro/terapia , Traumatismos por Radiación/fisiopatología , Neoplasias de la Mama/fisiopatología , Estudios Prospectivos , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Lesiones del Hombro/etiología , Lesiones del Hombro/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Objetivo: A oferta de radioterapia de alta tecnologia para população atendida pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) é limitada, por não pertencer ao rol de procedimentos e, muitas vezes, pela capacidade instalada frente à demanda e dificuldade de retenção de recursos humanos especializados. Dessa forma, o acesso à radioterapia de intensidade modulada (IMRT) é restrito a poucos serviços no Brasil. Pretendemos apresentar as características dos primeiros 508 tratamentos de IMRT durante os primeiros anos de instalação da técnica em um hospital universitário. Materiais e Métodos: Foram analisados 508 tratamentos de IMRT, de maio de 2011 a setembro de 2013, que completaram a radioterapia. A técnica empregada foi multilâminas estático. Resultados: De um total de 4.233 pacientes tratados no período, 12,5% realizaram IMRT. As principais indicações foram para crânio, cabeça e pescoço, e próstata. Aproximadamente 30% das radioterapias de crânio e 50% das de próstata foram por IMRT. A toxicidade total foi 4%. Conclusão: Em razão das restrições de acesso à radioterapia e da não cobertura deste procedimento, as indicações de IMRT para pacientes do SUS devem ser apoiadas nos protocolos clínicos das instituições em acordo com sua realidade, com especial atenção à redução da toxicidade. .
The Bosniak classification for renal cysts was developed in the late 1980s in an attempt to standardize the description and management of complex cystic renal lesions. Alterations were made to such a classification in the 1990s and, the last one, in 2005. Currently, five categories of cystic renal lesions are defined - namely, I, II, II-F, III and IV –, according to their degree of complexity and likelihood of malignancy. Despite being initially described for computed tomography, this classification has been also utilized with some advantages also for magnetic resonance imaging. The present article reviews the different phases of this classification, its diagnostic efficacy and the most controversial features of its use.
RESUMEN
Introdução: A reconstrução mamária é etapa fundamental no tratamento de pacientes com câncer de mama, sendo a lipoenxertia um importante recurso para melhora no resultado estético. Todavia, recentemente, alguns autores têm questionado a segurança da lipoenxertia, sugerindo que essa técnica possa aumentar o risco de recidiva tumoral local. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, tipo coorte transversal, realizado por meio de revisão de prontuários médicos de pacientes submetidas a reconstrução mamária com lipoenxertia pela Divisão de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital das Clínicas da FMRP-USP, no período de 2006 a 2010. Resultados: Foram selecionadas 18 pacientes, sendo que oito (44%) apresentaram tumor do tipo histológico ductal. Três pacientes (17%) foram submetidas a quimioterapia neoadjuvante, sendo que destas, duas (11%) foram submetidas também a quimioterapia adjuvante; nove (50%) foram submetidas apenas a quimioterapia adjuvante. Onze pacientes (61%) foram submetidas a radioterapia adjuvante, e treze (72%) fizeram tratamento hormonal. Quanto à reconstrução da mama, oito pacientes (44,4%) realizaram TRAM, seis (33,3%), expansor mais prótese e quatro (22,2%), grande dorsal mais prótese. O número de sessões de lipoenxertia variou entre um e quatro. Não foi identificado nenhum caso de recidiva tumoral locorregional. Conclusão: Não foi evidenciado nenhum caso de recidiva tumoral locorregional, o que acrescenta, até o momento, confiabilidade e segurança à lipoenxertia como arsenal para os procedimentos que visam melhorar os resultados da reconstrução mamária após o tratamento oncológico.
Introduction: Breast reconstruction is an essential step in the treatment of patients with breast cancer. Fat grafting is an important resource for improved esthetic results. Recently, however, some authors have questioned the safety of fat grafting, suggestoncolóing that this technique can increase the risk of local tumor recurrence. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study was conducted through a review of medical records of patients who underwent breast reconstruction with fat grafting by the Plastic Surgery Division of the Clinical Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), from 2006 to 2010. Results: We selected 18 patients, of whom eight (44%) had ductal carcinoma by histology. Three patients (17%) underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and of these, two (11%) were also subjected to adjuvant chemotherapy. Nine (50%) received only adjuvant chemotherapy. Eleven patients (61%) underwent adjuvant radiotherapy, and thirteen (72%) had hormonal therapy. For breast reconstruction, eight patients (44.4%) underwent a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap procedure, six (33.3%) had an expander and prostheses, and four (22.2%) underwent a procedure with the latissimus dorsi muscle flap and prostheses. The number of fat grafting sessions ranged from one to four. No cases of locoregional recurrence of breast cancer were identified. Conclusion: There has been no evidence of locoregional recurrence to date, demonstrating that fat grafting is a reliable and safe procedure for improving the results of breast reconstruction after cancer treatment.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Historia del Siglo XXI , Recurrencia , Mama , Estudio Comparativo , Registros Médicos , Estudios Transversales , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios de Cohortes , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica , Estudio de Evaluación , Glándulas Mamarias Humanas , Mastectomía , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Mama/cirugía , Mama/lesiones , Registros Médicos/normas , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/efectos adversos , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Glándulas Mamarias Humanas/cirugía , Glándulas Mamarias Humanas/lesiones , Mastectomía/efectos adversos , Mastectomía/métodos , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/patologíaRESUMEN
Os tumores neuroendócrinos primários de mama (TNPMs) são incomuns e não há consenso quanto a tratamento e prognóstico. No presente trabalho, foram revisados os diagnósticos de 1.184 pacientes com câncer de mama atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMRP/USP), identificando três casos que preenchiam os critérios de TNPM, segundo classificação estabelecida pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) em 2003. Foram avaliados os achados clinicopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos e as terapias realizadas, buscando caracterizar os padrões histopatológicos e de comportamento distintos dos carcinomas convencionais de mama.
Primary neuroendocrine breast carcinomas (NECs) are uncommon. Moreover, there is no consensus as to its treatment and prognosis. In this study, the diagnoses of 1,184 cases of breast cancer treated at Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto/Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMRP/USP) were reviewed. Three among them fulfilled the criteria for primary NEC according to the classification established by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2003. Clinicopathological, immunohistochemical features and treatments were assessed in order to characterize histopathological and distinct patterns of conventional breast carcinomas.