Effect of Ceramic Conditioners on Surface Morphology, Roughness, Contact Angle, Adhesion, Microstructure, and Composition of CAD/CAM Ceramics.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of surface treatments in maximum profile valley depth (Rv), surface roughness (Sa), contact angle (Ca), shear bond strength (SBS) of a light-cured resin cement, microstructure, and composition of two CAD/CAM ceramics: Cerec Blocs/Dentsply Sirona (feldspathic - FEL) and Empress CAD/Ivoclar Vivadent (leucite-reinforced - LEU). The ceramic specimens were submitted to six surface treatments: (1) 5% hydrofluoric acid (HF) - 20 seconds; (2) 5% HF - 60 seconds; (3) 10% HF - 20 seconds; (4) 10% HF - 60 seconds; (5) self-etching ceramic primer (MEP) - 20 seconds; and (6) MEP - 60 seconds. Specimens treated with HF received silane application for 1 minute. Rv and Sa were evaluated in a confocal laser microscope (n=10) and the Ca in a goniometer (n=6). For the SBS test, two resin cement cylinders were bonded to each specimen, one tested after 24 hours in distilled water storage (37°C) and the other after one year (n=10). The microstructures and compositions were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) (n=4). Rv, Sa, and Ca data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, and the SBS data by three-way ANOVA, all followed by post-hoc Tukey's test (α=0.05). Results: Surface treatments with HF always produced higher Rv and Sa, and lower Ca than MEP 60s for both ceramics. After 1-year water storage, FEL ceramic treated with MEP for 60 seconds produced higher SBS values than HF treatments, whereas for LEU ceramic there were no differences among treatments. Application of MEP for 20 or 60 seconds produced no difference in Rv, Sa, Ca, and SBS for both ceramics. Surface treatments produced considerable differences in ceramic topography, but subtle ones in composition, for both ceramics. Conclusions: The results indicated that for FEL ceramic, MEP application for 60 seconds yielded higher SBS compared with HF etching, while for LEU ceramic the surface treatments did not influence the SBS results.

Single-species (bacterial, fungal, or mycobacterial) biofilms or dual-species (mycobacterial-fungal) biofilms formed in dialysis fluids.

Continuous hemodialysis system monitoring is necessary to prevent microorganism growth and health problems. This study evaluates single- and dual-species biofilm formation in microtiter plates by using dialysis solutions under aerobiosis or 5% CO2 atmosphere. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Candida parapsilosis sensu lato, and Mycobacterium smegmatis produce single-species biofilms in all dialysis solutions in both oxygenation conditions. Dual-species biofilm cultures grown at 5% CO2 atmosphere and in dialysate containing glucose reveal that M. smegmatis benefits from its association with C. parapsilosis. The dialysate and its constituent solutions support the growth of all the mono-species and the inter-kingdom mycobacterial/yeast biofilms in both aerobiosis and microaerophilic conditions.

Mechanical Behavior of Ceramic Monolithic Systems With Different Thicknesses.

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the fully stabilized zirconia (FSZ) Prettau Anterior, the partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) Prettau, and the lithium disilicate IPS e.max CAD (LD) through microstructural and mechanical characterization and effect of thickness on fracture load of the ceramics. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Disk-shaped specimens (12 mm diameter and 1.2 mm thickness) were prepared for biaxial flexural strength (BFS) and Weibull statistics (n=30). For the fracture load static test (FLST) and Weibull statistics (n=30), disk-shaped specimens 12 mm in diameter and thicknesses of 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 1.5 mm were cemented on an epoxy-resin substrate. RESULTS: BFS (MPa) results were PSZ: 683.0 ± 70.23; FSZ: 438.6 ± 64.1; and LD: 248.6 ± 37.3. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for BFS was significant (p<0.001), and the Tukey post hoc test showed differences among all ceramics. There was difference in characteristic strength, but there was no difference in Weibull modulus. Two-way ANOVA for FLST was significant for ceramic (p<0001), thickness (p<0001), and interaction (p<0001). There was no difference among all ceramics at the 0.5 mm thickness. PSZ had higher values for the 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm thicknesses. LD of 1.5 mm thickness exhibited a higher FLST than FSZ. CONCLUSIONS: PSZ had the highest BFS, but when cemented on a substrate, all ceramics with 0.5 mm thickness behaved similarly. Despite the lower BFS, LD had a fracture load similar or superior to FSZ when cemented on a substrate.

Correction to: Cryptosporidium Spp. Contamination in Perna perna Mussels Destined for Human Consumption in Southeastern Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake.

Cryptosporidium spp. Contamination in Perna perna Mussels Destined for Human Consumption in Southeastern Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Cryptosporidium spp. has been recognized as an important pathogen. As bivalve mollusks are noted as potential sources of several pathogens due to their consumption as foodstuffs, the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in Perna perna mussels and in seawater samples from a mussel farm in Southeastern Brazil, where mussels are grown directly in the sea, attached to ropes. Oocysts were observed by microscopy and confirmed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Oocysts were present in mussel gills and GI tracts, as well as in the seawater. Of the 100 females, 10% and 11% showed contaminated GI tracts and gills, respectively, while this rate was lower in males, at 5% and 8.9%. Oocysts were present in higher amounts in the GI tract compared to gills and water. Contamination of the study area is apparent, leading to public health risks. More in-depth studies are needed, including molecular investigations, to identify Cryptosporidium species in mussels, as well as the implementation of monitoring actions in animals destined for human consumption.

Avaliação do perfil eletrocardiográfico pré e trans-anestesia em lobos-guará / Evaluation of electrocardiographic profile pre and trans-anesthesic in maned wolves

O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito da administração do Zolazepam/Tiletamina nas funções cardiorrespiratórias e eletrocardiográficas em lobos-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus) mantidos em cativeiro. Foram utilizados dez lobos-guará clinicamente saudáveis (seis machos e quatro fêmeas), com média de peso 23,5±3,5kg, e idade de 6,5±2,8 anos. Os lobos eram mantidos em cativeiro e foram capturados pelos tratadores, proporcionando o mínimo de estresse possível para avaliação dos parâmetros pré-anestésicos. Foram avaliadas frequência cardíaca e respiratória, temperatura retal, pressão arterial média e eletrocardiografia. Após coleta dos parâmetros fisiológicos e eletrocardiográficos pré-anestesia, foi administrada a dose de 5,1±0,7mg/kg de Zolazepam/Tiletamina intramuscular. Depois da anestesia, colocaram-se os eletrodos do eletrocardiograma nos membros torácicos e pélvicos. Os animais eram monitorados durante uma hora, sendo que, a cada 10 minutos, era realizado o registro dos valores eletrocardiográficos, assim como os valores dos parâmetros fisiológicos e cardiorrespiratórios. Os resultados mostraram alteração significativa na amplitude da onda P entre 10 a 50 minutos pós-anestesia. Frequência cardíaca (153±20bmp), frequência respiratória (29±6mpm), temperatura corporal (38,4±1oC), pressão arterial média (114±20mmHg) e as outras variáveis eletrocardiográficas não apresentaram alterações. O aumento da amplitude da onda P nos animais deste trabalho sugeriu um aumento atrial, oriundo de doenças cardíacas ou simplesmente pelo aumento da frequência cardíaca durante a contenção.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the anesthetic combination of Tiletamine/Zolazepam on the cardiorespiratory function and electrocardiographic profile in captive maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Ten maned wolves were used in this study (6 males and 4 females). All animals were healthy, with an average body weight of 23.5±3.5kg, and age of 6.5±2.8years. The wolves were conditioned to be physically restrained by their keepers in order to minimize stress during assessment of pre-anesthetic parameters. Data on heart and respiratory rates, rectal temperature, mean arterial blood pressure and electrocardiography were collected. Pre-anesthetic physiological an eletrocardiographic parameters were collected before the administration of 5.1±0.73mg/kg Tiletamine/Zolazepam intramuscularly. Under anesthesia, electrocardiogram electrodes were placed on thoracic and pelvic limbs and eletrocardiographic data was recorded every 10 minutes for approximately one hour, totaling 6 electrocardiograms. Heart rate 153±20bmp, respiratory rate 29±6mpm, rectal temperature 38,4±1oC, mean arterial blood pressure 114±20mmHg, and the other electrocardiographic parameters did not change; however, the P wave amplitude changed from 10 to 50 minutes after anesthesia. The increase in the P wave on the animals in this study suggested an atrial increase, probably due to cardiac disease or just by increasing the heart rate during the capture.

In vitro susceptibility to antifungal agents of clinical and environmental Cryptococcus neoformans isolated in Southern of Brazil.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the susceptibility to four antifungal agents of 69 Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from AIDS patients with that of 13 C. neoformans strains isolated from the environment. Based on the NCCLS M27-A methodology the Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) obtained for amphotericin B, itraconazole and ketoconazole were very similar for clinical and environmental isolates. Clinical isolates were less susceptible to fluconazole than environmental isolates. The significance of these findings and aspects concerning the importance, role and difficulties of C. neoformans susceptibility testing are also discussed.

A ten-year survey of Tinea pedis in the central region of the Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Tinea pedis in the most common type of dermatophytosis, but can mimic many cutaneous diseases and tend to be chronic. We present a study of the frequency, epidemiology and clinical aspects of tinea pedis in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul during the period 1988-1997.

[Aneurysm of arterial duct associated to aortic arch interruption]. / Aneurisma do ducto arterioso associado a interrupção do arco aórtico.

Aneurysm of the arterial duct is an infrequent finding, which is very rarely detected prenatally. A case of antenatal diagnosis in a pregnant patient (33 weeks) is reported. The fetus presented an aneurysmatic dilation of the arterial duct with uniformly enlarged diameter, inserting into the descending aorta, which was interrupted. The neonate was born by cesarean section and was kept on postaglandins till the 9th day of life, when he was sent to surgery. During the surgical procedure, the baby died as a result of biventricular failure. This is the first report of prenatal association of aneurysm of the ducts anteriosus with other cardiovascular malformations and emphasizes that this finding does not always have a benign course.

Aneurisma do ducto arterioso associado a interrupção do arco aórtico / Aneurysm of the arterial duct associated to aortic arch interruption

É relatado um caso de aneurisma de ducto arterioso, com diagnóstico pré-natal, o que é muito raro, numa gestante com 33 semanas, onde o feto apresentou um adilatação aneursimática do canal arterial, com calibre uniformemente aumentado, inserindo-se na aorta descendente, associado à interrupção do arco aórtico. A criança nasceu de parto cesáreo e manteve-se estável com o uso de prostaglandina até o 9§ dia de vida, quando foi levada à cirurgia, tendo falecido durante o procedimento por falência biventricular. Este é o primeiro relato da associação desta anomalia com outra malformação cardiovascular intra-uterina, mostrando que este achado nem sempre é associado a uma evolução benigna.

Estudo da história natural da hipertrofia miocárdica e sua associação com hiperinsulinismo em filhos de mães diabéticas / Study of the natural history of myocardial hypertrophy and its association with hyperinsulinism in infants of diabetic mothers

OBJETIVO - Testar a hipótese de associação entre hipertrofia miocárdica e níveis aumentados de insulina no soro de filhos de mães diabéticas, além de determinar a freqüência de regressão espontânea e o momento de sua ocorrência. MÉTODOS - Foram estudados 72 pacientes (54 filhos de mães diabéticas e 18 controles). O diagnóstico de hipertrofia miocárdica foi realizado por ecocardigrafia pré-natal, uni e bidimensional. Os registros da insulina amniótica foram obtidos de um estudo pré-natal prévio sobre hipertrofia miocárdica, pois a participação das gestantes era comum aos dois projetos. RESULTADOS - Houve 10 (18,52 'por cento') casos de hipertrofia miocárdica entre os filhos de mães diabéticas. As medidas do septo foram significamente diferentes entre os grupos (filhos de mães diabéticas e controles) na avaliação com 1 mês (p=0,04). A insulina manteve-se elevada nos filhos de diabéticas até 3 meses de idade, período em que era significantemente diferente em relação aos controles (p=0,003 e p =0,001, com 1 mês e 3 meses, respectivamente). A associação entre a regressão do septo interventricular e a regressão dos níveis de insulina ocorreu até 1 mês de idade. CONCLUSÄO - Houve regressão espontânea das medidas do septo interventricular até 6 meses de idade e a associação entre hiperinsulinismo e hipertrofia miocárdica esteve presente até 1 mês de idade.

Trichosporon inkin peritonitis during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with bibliography review.

We report a further case of peritonitis due to Trichosporon inkin in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Peritonitis caused by Trichosporon species is reviewed.

[Natural history of myocardial hypertrophy and its association with hyperinsulinism in infants of diabetic mothers]. / Estudo da história natural da hipertrofia miocárdica e sua associação com hiperinsulinismo em filhos de mães diabéticas.

PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that myocardial hypertrophy is associated with increased serum insulin levels in children of diabetic mothers and to determine the frequency and timing of this spontaneous regression. METHODS: Seventy-two patients were studied (54 children of diabetic mothers and 18 controls). Diagnosis of myocardial hypertrophy was made by fetal echocardiography. Amniotic fluid insulin levels were obtained from a previous prenatal study on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, since the participation of the mothers was common to both projects. RESULTS: There were 10 cases of myocardial hypertrophy among children of diabetic mothers (18.52%). Septal thickness was significantly different between the 2 groups (children of diabetic mothers and controls) in the evaluation performed at the age of 1 month (p = 0.04). Insulin levels were still increased in children of diabetic mothers until the age of 3 months. During this period insulin levels were significantly higher than those of controls (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001, at 1 and 3 months, respectively). The association between regression of ventricular septum thickness and the decrease of insulin levels occurred up to the age of 1 month. CONCLUSION: There was spontaneous regression of ventricular septum thickness in children of diabetic mothers during the first 6 months of life. The association between hyperinsulinism and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was present up to the first month of life.

Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis with concomitant aspergilluria.

This paper reports a case of chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis in a patient without underlying disease. Aspergilluria was the starting point in the search for the origin of the pulmonary disease, later confirmed by an open lung biopsy.

Prevalência das infecções causadas pelo gênero Klebsiella no Hospital Universitário de Santa maria - RS / Infections prevalence caused by Klebsiella sp in the Santa Maria University Hospital - RS

Os autores descrevem a epidemiologia das infecções causadas por Klebsiella sp num hospital universitário. Algumas características da biologia, patogenia e perfil de sensibilidade são também comentadas.

Acute primary cutaneous Nocardia asteroides infection in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Case report.

We report a case of acute primary cutaneous infection of traumatic origin caused by Nocardia asteroides, appeared as cellulitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Diagnosis was established by direct examination and cultures from aspirate specimens. The clinical forms of Nocardia infections that affect the skin, reported in Rio Grande do Sul and Uruguay, are discussed.