Factors involved in the treatment sought immediately after traumatic dental injuries in Brazilian children.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate demographic and clinical factors involved in the immediate seeking of care after traumatic dental injury (TDI) in Brazilian children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records from 74 patients, age ranged 1-11 years, who sought treatment at the School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto at University of São Paulo, Brazil, were collected. Data was analyzed using the Epi Info 7.0 software by t-test, odds ratio calculation, Chi-square, or Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: Twenty-three (31.1%) sought dental treatment immediately and 51 (68.9%) did not seek dental treatment immediately. The most common type of trauma was lateral luxation (44.6%). In primary teeth, 31 cases (60.78%) involved the soft tissue and 16 (39.2%) involved hard tissue injuries. While in permanent teeth, 20 cases (40%) involved soft tissue and 24 (60%) involved hard tissue injuries had more traumas in the hard tissue (P = 0.04). The type of injury and dentition was not associated with the time that the guardians sought dental treatment (P > 0.05). None of the factors were involved in immediately seeking care after TDI. CONCLUSION: Moreover, the majority of parents/caregivers did not immediately seek dental treatment after TDI, regardless of the type of injury.

The ARRIVE Trial: Towards a universal recommendation of induction of labour at 39 weeks?

Both caesarean surgery and induction of labour are common practices performed in all labour wards in an attempt to reduce adverse obstetrical and neonatal outcomes. Recent evidence, notably from the ARRIVE Trial, demonstrated that elective induction at 39 weeks reduced the rate of caesarean deliveries and pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders. However, some concerns have to be addressed as the benefits of universal policies have to be weighed against the actual circumstances of their implementation, the economic impact, the number of procedures needed in order to effectively reduce complications and, above all, women's perception towards this approach at the end of pregnancy. Further research is needed to explore individual tailored strategies in order to offer a personalized prognosis to each woman, rather than a blanket application of general recommendations.

Oestrogen receptor alpha, growth hormone receptor, and developmental defect of enamel.

BACKGROUND: Oestrogen (ES) and growth hormone (GH) are hormones that may have a role in caries aetiology and developmental defects of enamel (DDE) since their receptors (ERs and GHR) are expressed during amelogenesis. AIM: To evaluate whether genetic polymorphisms in the genes that codify the ERα (ESR1) and GHR are associated with caries experience and DDE in children. DESIGN: Two hundred and sixteen children of both genders, aged 9-12 years, were examined and classified according to caries and DDE phenotype. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal cells in saliva. Genetic polymorphisms in ERS1 (rs1884051 and rs12154178) and GHR (rs297305, rs2940913, rs2910875, and rs1509460) were genotyped using TaqMan chemistry. Data were analysed by PLINK, while the chi-square test was used to compare allele and genotype distributions (alpha of 5%). RESULTS: A total of 131 children (60.7%) had caries experience, and 43 (19.9%) presented DDE. Genotype and allele distributions were not associated with caries experience (P > 0.05). Genotype and allele distributions between DDE, affected and unaffected, were associated with the polymorphism rs12154178 in ESR1 (P = 0.01 and P = 0.001, respectively) and with the polymorphism rs1509460 in GHR (P = 0.05 and P = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Genetic polymorphisms in ERS1 (rs12154178) and GHR (rs1509460) are associated with DDE.