RESUMEN
Aging is known to lead to the impaired recovery of muscle after disuse as well as the increased susceptibility of the muscle to damage. Here, we show that, in the older rats, reloading after disuse atrophy, causes the damage of the muscle fibers and the basement membrane (BM) that structurally support the muscle fibers. Male Wistar rats of 3-(young) and 20-(older) months of age were subjected to hindlimb-unloading for 2weeks followed by reloading for a week. In the older rats, the soleus muscles showed necrosis and central nuclei fiber indicating the regeneration of muscle fibers. Furthermore, ectopic immunoreactivity of collagen IV, a major component of the BM, remained mostly associated with the necrotic appearance, suggesting that the older rats were impaired with the ability of repairing the damaged BM. Further, after unloading and reloading, the older rats did not show a significant alteration, although the young rats showed clear response of Col4a1 and Col4a2 genes, both coding for collagen IV. In addition, during the recovery phase, the young rats showed increase in the amount of Hsp47 and Sparc mRNA, which are protein folding-related factor genes, while the older rats did not show any significant variation. Taken together, our findings suggest that the atrophic muscle fibers of the older rats induced by unloading were vulnerable to the weight loading, and that attenuated reactivity of the BM-synthesizing fibroblast to gravity contributes to the fragility of muscle fibers in the older animals.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/metabolismo , Membrana Basal/metabolismo , Contracción Muscular , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Atrofia Muscular/metabolismo , Factores de Edad , Envejecimiento/genética , Envejecimiento/patología , Animales , Membrana Basal/ultraestructura , Colágeno Tipo IV/genética , Colágeno Tipo IV/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSP47/genética , Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSP47/metabolismo , Suspensión Trasera , Masculino , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/metabolismo , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/ultraestructura , Fuerza Muscular , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatología , Músculo Esquelético/ultraestructura , Atrofia Muscular/genética , Atrofia Muscular/patología , Atrofia Muscular/fisiopatología , Necrosis , Osteonectina/genética , Osteonectina/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Recuperación de la Función , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Leiomyosarcomas typically originate in smooth muscle cell. Leiomyosarcoma potentially arising from the adrenal gland is an extremely rare mesenchymal tumors associated with delayed diagnosis and poor prognosis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 34-year-old man visited our department complaining of right hypochondriac pain. Computed tomography demonstrated a solid mass measuring 5.2 cm in diameter above the right kidney, corresponding to the right adrenal gland, and a lymph node mass, which appeared to have invaded the IVC wall. Right adrenalectomy and lymphadenectomy were performed. A microscopic examination revealed primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma with lymph node metastasis. No adjuvant therapy was performed, and the patient remains recurrence-free at 10 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: We experienced a very rare case of primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma. Aggressive surgical resection including vascular reconstruction may be associated with improved survival.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/patología , Leiomiosarcoma/patología , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/cirugía , Adrenalectomía , Adulto , Humanos , Leiomiosarcoma/diagnóstico , Leiomiosarcoma/cirugía , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático , Metástasis Linfática , MasculinoRESUMEN
The present study investigated the effects of external cues on motor control of the ankle joint during gait initiation in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and in age-matched healthy subjects. The soleus H-reflexes were recorded during self-generated and cue-triggered gait initiation. The tibialis anterior muscle burst during cue-triggered gait initiation was found to be significantly larger than that during self-generated gait initiation in both groups. External cues significantly increased soleus H-reflex depression during gait initiation in PD patients, although this significant increase was not present in healthy subjects. These findings indicate that external cues affect motor control of the extensor muscle of the ankle joint during gait initiation in PD patients.