RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate implant-induced osteoporosis (IIO) development in toy breed dogs treated using internal fixation with digital radiographs as the index of pixel values. STUDY DESIGN: There were 226 cases (236 limbs) of toy breed dogs with radial-ulnar fractures. Pixel values were measured on radiographs immediately, 2 weeks and 1 to 12 months after surgery. The ratio of pixel values (PVR) represented the bone mineral areal density based on the humeral condyle in the same image. The dogs were grouped based on the fixation methods, age and status of destabilization. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in the PVR at 1 to 12 months postoperatively for all cases. There were not any significant differences in PVR of antebrachial fractures between those repaired with plates using locking head screws, cortex screws or a combination of locking and cortex screws. Implant-induced osteoporosis persisted at 1 to 12 months postoperatively in dogs aged â§6 months, while the PVR increased after 3 months in dogs aged <6 months. Based on the destabilization method, there was a significant increase in the PVR at 3 months in the plate removal group. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that IIO occurs in small dogs treated with plates and screws. Moreover, patients aged < 6 months showed an early postoperative recovery of bone mineral areal density. Further, screw and plate removal could contribute to the recovery of bone mineral areal density.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Osteoporosis , Fracturas del Radio , Fracturas del Cúbito , Animales , Placas Óseas/efectos adversos , Placas Óseas/veterinaria , Tornillos Óseos/efectos adversos , Tornillos Óseos/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Perros/etiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Perros , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/veterinaria , Osteoporosis/veterinaria , Fracturas del Radio/veterinaria , Estudios Retrospectivos , Fracturas del Cúbito/veterinariaRESUMEN
We collected semen from a male Amur leopard cat using the transrectal electroejaculation method and investigated the semen qualities for about four years. In addition, the influence of the season on the spermatogenic function of the Amur leopard cat was investigated with regard to the semen qualities, testicular volume and serum testosterone level. As a result, we could collect semen with good sperm qualities that would be useable for artificial insemination. Some seasonality was noted in the testicular volume and serum testosterone level. We clarified that the semen qualities were favorable before and during the female breeding season compared with those after the breeding season.
Asunto(s)
Felidae , Semen , Animales , Animales de Zoológico , Eyaculación , Estimulación Eléctrica/métodos , Masculino , Técnicas Reproductivas Asistidas/veterinaria , Análisis de Semen/veterinariaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To compare data for French Bulldogs and Dachshunds that had hemilaminectomy for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion (T-L IVDE) by 1 surgeon and to evaluate the association between IVDE and congenital vertebral anomalies. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: French Bulldogs (n = 47) and 671 Dachshunds. METHODS: Age, gender, vertebral anomaly, kyphosis/kyphoscoliosis, IVDE site, non-recovery and progressive hemorrhagic myelomalacia development from grade 5 (paraplegia without deep nociception) were compared between the 2 breeds. RESULTS: French Bulldogs were significantly younger (P = .00001), more likely to be male (P = .023), and more likely to have a congenital vertebral anomaly and kyphosis/kyphoscoliosis (P < .00001) than Dachshunds. The frequencies of French Bulldogs with IVDE within typical sites (T11-L3) were significantly lower (P = .0005) and within caudal sites (L3-L7) significantly higher (P = .0001) compared with Dachshunds. None of the French Bulldogs had IVDE within the kyphotic/kyphoscoliotic segment. The frequency of lumbar IVDE (L1-L5) in French Bulldogs with kyphosis/kyphoscoliosis was significantly higher (P = .003) compared with French Bulldogs without kyphosis/kyphoscoliosis. In grade 5 dogs, the risk of developing progressive hemorrhagic myelomalacia in French Bulldogs was significantly higher (P = .03) than in Dachshunds. CONCLUSION: The distribution of IVDE site in French Bulldogs within the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine was different from Dachshunds. IVDE sites were not located at the sites of vertebral anomaly. French Bulldogs appeared to have T-L IVDE at younger ages, with higher male predisposition and higher risk of developing progressive hemorrhagic myelomalacia from grade 5 compared with Dachshunds.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral/veterinaria , Vértebras Lumbares/anomalías , Vértebras Torácicas/anomalías , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/genética , Perros , Femenino , Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral/genética , Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral/patología , Masculino , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
GM1 gangliosidosis is a fatal neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease caused by an autosomal recessively inherited deficiency of ß-galactosidase activity. Effective therapies need to be developed to treat the disease. In Shiba Inu dogs, one of the canine GM1 gangliosidosis models, neurological signs of the disease, including ataxia, start at approximately 5 months of age and progress until the terminal stage at 12 to 15 months of age. In the present study, serial MR images were taken of an affected dog from a model colony of GM1 gangliosidosis and 4 sporadic clinical cases demonstrating the same mutation in order to characterize the MRI features of this canine GM1 gangliosidosis. By 2 months of age at the latest and persisting until the terminal stage of the disease, the MR findings consistently displayed diffuse hyperintensity in the white matter of the entire cerebrum on T2-weighted images. In addition, brain atrophy manifested at 9 months of age and progressed thereafter. Although a definitive diagnosis depends on biochemical and genetic analyses, these MR characteristics could serve as a diagnostic marker in suspect animals with or without neurological signs. Furthermore, serial changes in MR images could be used as a biomarker to noninvasively monitor the efficacy of newly developed therapeutic strategies.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Gangliosidosis GM1/veterinaria , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Animales , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Gangliosidosis GM1/diagnóstico , Gangliosidosis GM1/patología , MasculinoRESUMEN
A one-month male Greyhound dog presented with a swinging gait of the hindlimbs, and later developed muscular atrophy of the femoral region and hyperextension of hindlimbs. The dog had positive serum IFAT titers to Neospora caninum, but a negative titer in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). N. caninum-specific DNA was amplified from the CSF using a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction assay. Clusters of protozoa in biopsied muscle fibers were subsequently confirmed as N. caninum tachyzoites by immunohistochemical examination. Early recognition and treatment are necessary for effective recovery of clinical canine neosporosis, but antemortem diagnosis is difficult. We suggest that the detection of parasite deoxyribonucleic acid in the CSF is a useful antemortem diagnostic method in facilitating treatment of this disease.
Asunto(s)
Coccidiosis/veterinaria , ADN Protozoario/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Neospora/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Antiprotozoarios/uso terapéutico , Coccidiosis/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Coccidiosis/diagnóstico , Coccidiosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Perros/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Perros , Miembro Posterior/patología , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/parasitología , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Parálisis/patología , Parálisis/veterinariaRESUMEN
The displacement and signal intensity (SI) of the pituitary posterior lobe were evaluated on T1 weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images in 28 dogs with pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). Compared with normal dogs, the posterior lobe was displaced dorsally in the pituitary of the PDH dogs. Correlation between the pituitary height/brain area (P/B) ratio and the displacement of the posterior lobe in the PDH dogs suggests that dorsal displacement of the posterior lobe increases in accordance with enlargement of the pituitary. As to the SI of the posterior lobe, the PDH dogs showed significantly lower SI in comparison to the normal dogs. Taken together, these results suggest that assessment of the displacement and SI of the posterior lobe of the pituitary on T1-weighted MR images is useful for the diagnosis of pituitary adenoma. In pituitary microadenoma that presents no apparent tumorigenesis on MRI, evaluation of these values may be useful for diagnosis and selection of an appropriate therapy.
Asunto(s)
Adenoma/veterinaria , Hiperfunción de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Neurohipófisis/patología , Neoplasias Hipofisarias/veterinaria , Adenoma/diagnóstico , Adenoma/patología , Hiperfunción de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/diagnóstico , Hiperfunción de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/patología , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Perros , Femenino , Masculino , Neoplasias Hipofisarias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hipofisarias/patología , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
Hippocampal atrophy, which is a component of hippocampal sclerosis and recognized commonly in human intractable epilepsy, is controversial in canine epilepsy. We examined the hippocampal volume in 58 epileptic dogs and 35 control dogs using magnetic resonance (MR) images, and calculated the relative hippocampal volume asymmetry of the right and left hippocampus. Subjectively, there were visible MR imaging abnormalities in seven of the 58 epileptic dogs (12%). The hippocampel volume asymmetric ratio of epileptic dogs (5.84 +/- 4.47%) was significantly greater than that of control dogs (1.62 +/- 0.88%). Using a cutoff threshold asymmetric ratio of 6% that is indicated in human epilepsy, 28 epileptic dogs (48%) were characterized as having unilateral hippocampus atrophy. The hippocampal volume asymmetry ratio cannot be used to detect bilateral atrophy. In conclusion, although less frequent than that observed in human epilepsy patients, hippocampal atrophy may occur in canine epilepsy.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Epilepsia/veterinaria , Hipocampo/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Animales , Perros , Epilepsia/patología , Femenino , Hipocampo/anatomía & histología , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Masculino , Orquiectomía/veterinaria , Ovariectomía/veterinaria , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
A spontaneous epileptic model of cats has not been described previously. Recently, we identified familial epileptic cats and investigated their clinical features. These epileptic cats are healthy except for the presence of recurrent seizures that are typically a focal limbic seizure with secondary generalization. Furthermore, generalized seizures were induced by vestibular stimulation in some cats. This spontaneous epileptic cat strain may be a valuable model for idiopathic/genetic epilepsy.
Asunto(s)
Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Epilepsia/genética , Epilepsia/veterinaria , Linaje , Animales , Gatos , Electroencefalografía/métodos , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Endogamia/métodos , PenicilinasRESUMEN
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating muscle disorder that is characterized by progressive muscle necrosis, fibrosis, and fatty infiltration. To examine the temporospatial pathological changes, a noninvasive evaluation method such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is needed. The aim of this study was to precisely assess muscle necrosis and inflammation based on a sequence of T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), gadolinium-enhanced imaging, and selective fat suppression, chemical shift selective T2-weighted imaging (CHESS-T2WI), on a 3.0-Tesla MRI unit in 3-month-old and 7-year-old dogs with canine X-linked muscular dystrophy (CXMD(J)), a suitable animal model for DMD. The results show that CHESS-T2WI was more sensitive and useful from the early to late stages of CXMD(J) than T2WI or contrast enhancement imaging in the evaluation of muscle necrosis, because these latter sequences can be influenced by fatty infiltration or interstitial connective tissues.
Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Distrofia Muscular Animal/patología , Animales , Perros , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Distrofia Muscular Animal/sangreAsunto(s)
Quistes del Sistema Nervioso Central/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Animales , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/patología , Quistes del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico , Quistes del Sistema Nervioso Central/patología , Perros , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , RadiografíaRESUMEN
The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (PL) normally shows characteristic high signal intensity (SI) on T1-weighted MR images (T1WI) in humans. The high SI is thought to represent storage of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the PL. Normal dogs also show a high SI on T1WIs, but the origin is unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether the high SI in the PL on T1WIs in normal dogs is caused by AVP. We examined the SI in the PL on T1WIs, plasma AVP concentrations and plasma osmolality in normal dogs after excessive AVP secretion was induced by hypertonic saline overload. In addition, functional changes in the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus under AVP secretion-stimulated conditions were examined immunohistologically. Under hypertonic saline overload, plasma osmolality and plasma AVP concentrations gradually increased, while the SI of the PL gradually decreased. This suggests that AVP secretion was stimulated by elevated osmolality. Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between plasma AVP concentrations and the SI ratio of the PL. An immunohistochemical study of the hypothalamus nucleus revealed that AVP-immunopositive cells significantly increased in the hypertonic saline loaded dogs. We concluded that the high SI in the PL in T1WIs in normal dogs was caused by AVP stored at the site, and examination of the SI in the PL using MRI is useful for diagnosis of abnormal pituitary glands.
Asunto(s)
Arginina Vasopresina/metabolismo , Perros/metabolismo , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Neurohipófisis/metabolismo , Animales , Arginina Vasopresina/sangre , Perros/sangre , Femenino , Hipotálamo Anterior/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunohistoquímica/veterinaria , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Concentración Osmolar , Núcleo Hipotalámico Paraventricular/metabolismo , Distribución Aleatoria , Solución Salina Hipertónica/farmacología , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Núcleo Supraóptico/metabolismoRESUMEN
We investigated the epidemiological characteristics of intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) in Japan in a large population using a retrospective study. The sample population was dogs (n=297) with IVDH in Japan. Medical records were reviewed for breed, sex, age, affected interspace and neurological severity. The dogs were comprised of 132 cases of cervical IVDH (C-IVDH) and 165 cases of thoracolumbar IVDH (TL-IVDH). In Japan, the Dachshund, Beagle and Shih Tzu tended to suffer from both C-IVDH and TL-IVDH. The Shiba Inu, a characteristic Japanese dog breed, suffered from both C-IVDH and TL-IVDH, although there was little data relating to the whole breed. Male dogs tended to suffer from C-IVDH and TL-IVDH at a rate almost twice that of females in Japan. Among the three predominant dog breeds, the Dachshund, Beagle and Shih Tzu, the Dachshund tended to suffer from both C-IVDH and TL-IVDH at an earlier age than the Beagle, and the Beagle tended to suffer from both C-IVDH and TL-IVDH earlier than the Shih Tzu. Among the three predominant breeds, the Shih Tzu, in particular, tended to suffer from both C-IVDH and TL-IVDH at multiple sites. Our data from Japan were in partial agreement with previous data from the U.S.A., and epidemiological characteristics of IVDH peculiar to Japan were also identified.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/fisiopatología , Perros , Femenino , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/epidemiología , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/fisiopatología , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
A male six-year-old Pomeranian showed recurrent seizures and progressive left hemiparesis. MRI revealed a mass in the right paramedian frontal-temporal region with hyperintensity on T1-weighted (T1W) and mixed-intensity on T2-weighted (T2W) images. After gadolinium enhancement, the mass was enhanced homogenously and demonstrated the dural tail sign. Surgical resection of mass was performed and its histological diagnosis was meningioma. The meningioma of this case had a high cellular density with some lipid contents and intra- and extra-tumor hemorrhage, however, calcification was not found. These cellular characteristics may contribute to a higher signal intensity on T1W imaging.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Meningioma/veterinaria , Animales , Perros , Gadolinio , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Meningioma/patología , Meningioma/cirugíaRESUMEN
Magnetic resonance (MR) was conducted for an 8-year-old, intact male Spitz with sneezing, serous discharge and epistaxis from the left nasal cavity. MR imaging showed a nasal cavity-occupied mass of iso-intensity on T1WI , high-intensity on T2WI and markedly enhanced on contrast-enhanced T1WI at parts of rostal to medial ocular angle in the left cavity. After Surgery and intraoperative radiation, the mass was diagnosed intranasal hemangiosarcoma by histopathology. Although the dog showed the finding, which suggested recurrence after the treatment ending, about 30 months later, it maintained good conditions without evidence of metastasis.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Hemangiosarcoma/veterinaria , Neoplasias Nasales/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Perros , Hemangiosarcoma/patología , Hemangiosarcoma/cirugía , Masculino , Neoplasias Nasales/patología , Neoplasias Nasales/cirugíaRESUMEN
With the eventual goal of making zonisamide (ZNS), a relatively new antiepileptic drug, available for the treatment of epilepsy in cats, the pharmacokinetics after a single oral administration at 10mg/kg and the toxicity after 9-week daily administration of 20mg/kg/day of ZNS were studied in healthy cats. Pharmacokinetic parameters obtained with a single administration of ZNS at 10mg/day were as follows: Cmax=13.1microg/ml; Tmax=4.0h; T(1/2)=33.0h; areas under the curves (AUCs)=720.3microg/mlh (values represent the medians). The study with daily administrations revealed that the toxicity of ZNS was comparatively low in cats, suggesting that it may be an available drug for cats. However, half of the cats that were administered 20mg/kg/day daily showed adverse reactions such as anorexia, diarrhoea, vomiting, somnolence and locomotor ataxia.
Asunto(s)
Anticonvulsivantes/farmacocinética , Enfermedades de los Gatos/inducido químicamente , Gatos/metabolismo , Isoxazoles/farmacocinética , Administración Oral , Animales , Anticonvulsivantes/efectos adversos , Anticonvulsivantes/toxicidad , Área Bajo la Curva , Disponibilidad Biológica , Enfermedades de los Gatos/sangre , Gatos/sangre , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Isoxazoles/efectos adversos , Isoxazoles/toxicidad , Masculino , Tasa de Depuración Metabólica , ZonisamidaRESUMEN
SART-1, a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, has been useful in human cancer therapy. The SART-1(259) peptide is a potential candidate for vaccine. The present study examined an orthologue of the mRNA coding this peptide in canine SCCs. Specimens were obtained from seven canine patients with SCC, and the mRNA was isolated from the samples. The SART-1 and beta-actin genes were amplified by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, using the isolated mRNA as a template. Canine SART-1 was amplified in six of the seven specimens, while beta-actin was detected in all the samples. In dogs, carcinomas expressing SART-1 could be a target for cytotoxic T lymphocyte mediated immunotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Perros/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Ribonucleoproteínas Nucleares Pequeñas/metabolismo , Animales , Antígenos de Neoplasias/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Perros , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ribonucleoproteínas Nucleares Pequeñas/genéticaRESUMEN
Prior to euthanasia, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed for a five-year-old male Yorkshire Terrier following portosystemic shunt (PSS) surgical attenuation. Hyperintensity was observed on T1W images of the lentiform nuclei. Trace elements in this area were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The manganese concentration in the lentiform nuclei was four times higher than that in the control group. Therefore, the manganese accumulation would be the substance that causes the hyperintensity on T1W images of the lentiform nuclei in PSS dogs.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Cuerpo Estriado/patología , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Encefalopatía Hepática/veterinaria , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Animales , Perros , Encefalopatía Hepática/patología , MasculinoRESUMEN
Magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) were performed in an 8-year-old, spayed female cat with chronic effort respiration at the inspiration phase and stertor. Increased bone opacity in the areas of the head, neck and thorax were observed on radiography. MR images showed no signal intensity on both transverse T1WI and T2WI of the nasal cavity. CT revealed increased bone density and hypertrophy of the nasal turbinate and a narrowed nasal passage. From these results, we concluded this case had osteopetrosis-like disease, and that the respiratory distress was caused by hypertrophy of the nasal turbinate.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Disnea/veterinaria , Osteopetrosis/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Gatos/patología , Gatos , Disnea/diagnóstico , Disnea/patología , Femenino , Osteopetrosis/diagnóstico , Osteopetrosis/patologíaRESUMEN
FK-506 confers a neuroprotective effect and is thought to extend the time window for thrombolytic treatment of cerebral ischemia. These effects have not been assessed in an embolic stroke model. In addition, clinical studies have raised concern that FK-506 may increase the risk of hemorrhagic transformation by damaging vascular endothelial cells. We investigated whether combined administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and FK-506 would extend the therapeutic time window without increasing the hemorrhagic transformation in a rat embolic stroke model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=66) were subjected to embolic infarction and assigned into eight groups. Six of the groups were treated with or without FK-506 (0.3 mg/kg) administration at 60 min after embolization, together with and all six groups received systemic rt-PA administration (10 mg/kg) at 60, 90, or 120 min. Two permanent ischemia groups were administered saline either with or without FK-506. Infarct and hemorrhagic volume were assessed at 24 h after embolization. Diffusion-weighted and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in the groups administered rt-PA at 90 min and a vehicle control group to assess whether FK-506 influenced the effectiveness of MRI in revealing ischemic lesion. FK-506 extended the therapeutic time window for systemic thrombolysis compared to rt-PA alone without increasing the risk for hemorrhage. Combined therapy with FK-506 salvaged some of the MRI, revealing ischemic lesions destined to infarction in the animals treated by rt-PA alone. Single low dose of FK-506 alone did not ameliorate the embolic infarction, but it did prove effective in extending the therapeutic time windows for thrombolysis without increasing the risk of hemorrhagic transformation.
Asunto(s)
Hemorragia Cerebral/tratamiento farmacológico , Hemorragia Cerebral/etiología , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Tacrolimus/uso terapéutico , Terapia Trombolítica/métodos , Activador de Tejido Plasminógeno/uso terapéutico , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Infarto Cerebral/etiología , Infarto Cerebral/prevención & control , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Embolia/complicaciones , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The present study investigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for estimating degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) in experimental dogs with GM1 gangliosidosis and preliminarily evaluated the efficacy of long-term glucocorticoid therapy for GM1 gangliosidosis using the biomarkers identified here. GM1 gangliosidosis, a lysosomal storage disease that affects the brain and multiple systemic organs, is due to an autosomal recessively inherited deficiency of acid beta-galactosidase activity. Pathogenesis of GM1 gangliosidosis may include neuronal apoptosis and abnormal axoplasmic transport and inflammatory response, which are perhaps consequent to massive neuronal storage of GM1 ganglioside. In the present study, we assessed some possible CSF biomarkers, such as GM1 ganglioside, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and myelin basic protein (MBP). Periodic studies demonstrated that GM1 ganglioside concentration, activities of AST and LDH, and concentrations of NSE and MBP in CSF were significantly higher in dogs with GM1 gangliosidosis than those in control dogs, and their changes were well related with the months of age and clinical course. In conclusion, GM1 ganglioside, AST, LDH, NSE and MBP could be utilized as CSF biomarkers showing CNS degeneration in dogs with GM1 gangliosidosis to evaluate the efficacy of novel therapies proposed for this disease. In addition, we preliminarily treated an affected dog with long-term oral administration of prednisolone and evaluated the efficacy of this therapeutic trial using CSF biomarkers determined in the present study. However, this treatment did not change either the clinical course or the CSF biomarkers of the affected dog, suggesting that glucocorticoid therapy would not be effective for treating GM1 gangliosidosis.