RESUMEN
Background The periodontal membrane plays a crucial role in tooth support and maintenance. Natural materials with biocompatible and bioactive properties are of interest for periodontal membrane fabrication. Nelumbo nucifera, known for its therapeutic properties, presents a potential source for such materials. Aim This study aimed to fabricate a periodontal membrane from N. nucifera and evaluate its biocompatibility and potential for periodontal tissue regeneration. Materials and methods N. nucifera stems were collected dried, and aqueous extract was prepared. The extracted material was then processed into a membrane scaffold using a standardized fabrication method. The fabricated membrane was characterized by its physical and chemical properties. Biocompatibility was assessed using human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) cells cultured on the membrane, followed by viability, proliferation, and anti-microbial assays. Results The fabricated N. nucifera membrane exhibited a porous structure with suitable mechanical properties for periodontal membrane application. The membrane supported the adhesion, viability, and proliferation of hPDLF cells in vitro. Conclusion The fabrication of a periodontal membrane from N. nucifera shows promise as a natural and biocompatible material for periodontal tissue regeneration. Further studies are warranted to explore its clinical potential in periodontal therapy.
RESUMEN
Background Dental caries is the most common bacterial disease of calcified tissues of teeth. Cariogenic biofilms formed on the tooth surface secrete organic acids and thus result in demineralization. Delving into the depth of biofilms is crucial to understand the pathogenic mechanisms and design improved therapeutic approaches. The aim of the study is to analyze the spatial and biochemical characteristics of cariogenic biofilms. Materials and methods Pulp tissue samples sourced from freshly extracted third molars were incubated with oral cariogenic bacteria namely Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Entamoeba faecalis, and Candida albicans to form the biofilm. Spatial assessment of biofilms was done under FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscope, JSM-IT800, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Alpha II, Bruker, Germany) spectra were assessed for chemical molecular interactions in 24- and 48-hour time periods. Results Morphological assessment with FESEM revealed rapid growth and aggregation within a short time period. FTIR spectra to analyze chemical constituents of biofilm presented with varied peaks of water, amide A, amide I, water, lipids, and phospholipids. Conclusion Further validation with more advanced imaging for an extended time period is vital to derive better conclusive evidence.
RESUMEN
45S5 Bioglass® is the most widely studied class of bioceramic in the field of dental and orthopedics. The present study highlights, one-dimensional bioactive glass nanorods (BGNR) of 45S5 composition synthesized by tuning the parameters of sol-gel process and hybridized with two-dimensional reduced graphene oxide sheets (rGO). BGNR was integrated with rGO by three different methods to form nano hybrids of rGO/BGNR. The prepared BGNR revealed combeite high mineral phase (Na5.27Ca3Si6O18) whereas nano hybrids exhibited calcite mineral phase (CaCO3) along with combeite in XRD analysis. The morphology, size of BGNR and integration of BGNR with rGO were analyzed using SEM. Nano hybrids were subjected to biological characterizations to identify the bio-activity (mineralization), antibacterial efficacy, hemocompatibility and cell proliferation efficacies. These studies conclude that the one-dimensional BGNR, micron-sized reduced graphene oxide sheet and the calcite phase in nano hybrids play a crucial role in enhancing the bioactivity, antibacterial activity, hemocompatibility and cell proliferation. These findings suggest the synergistic effect of rGO/BGNR nano hybrids will open new venue for biomaterials in the field of implant materials.