RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is commonly associated with horse abortion. Currently, there are no reported cases of abortion resulting from EHV-1 infection in donkeys. RESULTS: This was the first survey-based study of Chinese donkeys. The presence of EHV-1 was identified by PCR. This survey was conducted in Chabuchar County, North Xinjiang, China, in 2020. A donkey EHV-1 strain (Chabuchar/2020) was successfully isolated in MDBK cells. Seventy-two of 100 donkey sera were able to neutralize the isolated EHV-1. Moreover, the ORF33 sequence of the donkey-origin EHV-1 Chabuchar/2020 strain showed high levels of similarity in both its nucleotide (99.7â100%) and amino acid (99.5â100%) sequences, with those of horse EHV-1 strains. EHV-1 Chabuchar/2020 showed significant consistency and was classified within cluster 1 of horse EHV-1 strains. Further, analysis of the expected ORF30 nucleotide sequence revealed that donkey EHV-1 strains contained guanine at position 2254, resulting in a change to aspartic acid at position 752 of the viral DNA polymerase. Therefore, these strains were classified as horse neuropathogenic strains. Lastly, a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the partial ORF68 nucleotide sequences, showing that the identified donkey EHV-1 strain and the EHV-1 strain found in aborted Yili horses in China comprised a novel independent VIII group. CONCLUSION: This study showed the first isolation and identification of EHV-1 as an etiological agent of abortions in donkeys. Further analysis of the ORF33, ORF30, and ORF68 sequences indicated that the donkey EHV-1 contained the neuropathogenic genotype of strains in the VIII group. It is thus important to be aware of EHV-1 infection in the donkey population, even though the virus has only been identified in donkey abortions in China.
Asunto(s)
Equidae , Infecciones por Herpesviridae , Herpesvirus Équido 1 , Pulmón , Filogenia , Animales , Equidae/virología , Herpesvirus Équido 1/aislamiento & purificación , Herpesvirus Équido 1/genética , Herpesvirus Équido 1/clasificación , China , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Pulmón/virología , Feto Abortado/virología , Femenino , ADN Viral/genética , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Embarazo , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
Kirkovirus (kirV), a seemingly novel virus family, has been found in horses and donkeys. The study's objectives are to investigate the presence of the virus in swine. In this study, donkey-like kirV was detected in rectal swabs of piglets with diarrhea, and the positive rate was found to be 100% (149/149). However, this virus was detected in only one of 261 clinically healthy piglets, which suggested a strong relationship between the kirV and the diarrheic disease. We obtained the whole-genome sequences of three kirVs (Cj-D5, Cj-D32, and Cj-D43), with a length of 3750 nucleotides (nt) and sharing 99.9% nt identity with donkey kirVs. Furthermore, the three viruses shared 88.5-100% and 23-51% of the Rep protein sequence, similar to available reference strains of Kirkoviridae and Circoviridae, respectively. Moreover, like horse and donkey kirVs, the RCR domain and P-loop NTPase domains of Rep protein and nonanucleotide motif (CAATATTAC) of the three viruses were similar to those of Circoviruses and Cycloviruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these viruses could be grouped with members in the proposed family Kirkoviridae. This is the first report to describe that kirV can circulate in piglets with diarrhea, and future studies are needed to determine the pathogenesis of this virus.
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Diarrea , Equidae , Genoma Viral , Filogenia , Enfermedades de los Porcinos , Animales , Diarrea/virología , Diarrea/veterinaria , Porcinos , Equidae/virología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virología , Genoma Viral/genética , Secuenciación Completa del GenomaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Varicellovirus equidalpha1 (formerly Equid alphaherpesvirus 1, EqAHV-1) is among the most important viruses responsible for respiratory disease outbreaks among horses throughout the world. No reports to date have detailed the association between EqAHV-1 and respiratory disease among horses in China. This study described one such outbreak among a population of horses in north Xinjiang that occurred from April 2021 - May 2023. RESULTS: qPCR revealed that EqAHV-1 was detectable in all samples and this virus was identified as a possible source of respiratory disease, although a limited subset of these samples were also positive for EqAHV-2, EqAHV-4, and EqAHV-5. In total, three EqAHV-1 strains responsible for causing respiratory illness in horses were isolated successfully, and full-length ORF33 sequence comparisonsand phylogenetic analyses indicated that these isolates may have originated from EqAHV-1 strains detected in Yili horse abortions. ORF30 sequence data additionally suggested that these strains were neuropathic, as evidenced by the presence of a guanine residue at nucleotide position 2254 corresponding to the aspartic acid present at position 752 in the DNA polymerase encoded by this virus. CONCLUSION: This study is the first report of an outbreak of respiratory disease among horses in China caused by EqAHV-1. ORF30 sequence characterization revealed that these EqAHV-1 strains harbored a neuropathogenic genotype. Given the detection of this virus in horses suffering from respiratory disease, concern is warranted with respect to this neuropathogenic EqAHV-1 outbreak.
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Infecciones por Herpesviridae , Herpesvirus Équido 1 , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Varicellovirus , Embarazo , Femenino , Caballos/genética , Animales , Filogenia , ADN Viral/genética , Herpesvirus Équido 1/genética , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinariaRESUMEN
Nine different species of Equus caballus papillomavirus (EcPV) and three bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) have been reported to infect horses. However, there are few descriptions of such infections in China. In our pioneer study on Chinese horses, we identified EcPV-2 in the nasal swabs (4/230, 1.7%) of Yili horses, and the semen (3/18, 16.7%) of thoroughbred horses. This indicated that EcPV is indeed hosted by horses in China, and that EcPV-2 might be transmitted though breeding. Further detection of EcPVs in the lung tissues of aborted fetuses of Yili horses, which were originally negative for equid herpes viruses, demonstrated EcPV-2 positivity in 19 of 50 samples, thereby indicating that EcPV-2 may be a new pathogen responsible for causing abortion. Thereafter, sequence analyses of the L1 genes of 26 EcPV-2 in China were performed, indicating that EcPV-2, which primarily infects horses in China, shared 98.3-99.9% nt identity with the published sequences for EcPV-2. These observations indicated that EcPV-2 identified in the current study were highly similar variants of the previously identified strains of EcPV-2. Phylogenetic analysis based on L1 gene sequences from GenBank showed that the EcPV-2 found in Chinese horses was closely related to and clustered together with an already known EcPV-2a lineage. Our study provides the first evidence related to EcPV-2 infection in Chinese horses, which can serve as a causative agent for Yili horse abortions, and may thus lay the foundation for a systematic and detailed epidemiological study of this infection in Chinese horses.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Caballos , Animales , Bovinos , Filogenia , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/veterinaria , Papillomaviridae/genéticaRESUMEN
Simplices are used as building blocks to construct an interesting class of topological spaces called simplicial complexes, which exhibit remarkable symmetric properties. In this paper, we study the problems of inequalities for two simplices in the Euclidean space En. We establish some new inequalities for the vertex distances of two simplices and obtain some generalizations of the classical Neuberg-Pedoe inequality.
RESUMEN
Glucose-sensing photonic crystals are promising for the significant advance of continuous glucose monitoring systems due to the naked-eye colorimetric readouts and noninvasive detection of diabetes, but the long response time hampers their practical applications. Here, for the first time probes of photonic nanochains (PNCs) are demonstrated that are capable of continuously and reversibly sensing glucose concentration ([glucose]) variation within seconds by color change without power consumption, much faster by 2-3 orders of magnitude than previous ones. They are comprised of 1D equidistant arrays of magnetic nanoparticles enveloped by tens-of-nanometer-thick phenylboronic acid-functionalized hydrogels, and fabricated by developing selective concentration polymerization of monomers in binary microheterogeneous solvents of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and H2 O. In this process, both 3-acrylamido phenylboronic acid (AAPBA) and N-2-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAAm) are preferentially dissolved in the small volume of free DMSO concentrated in the vicinity of poly vinylpyrrolidone coated Fe3 O4 colloidal nanoparticles (Fe3 O4 @PVP), yielding Fe3 O4 @PVP@poly(AAPBA-co-HEAAm) PNCs after UV irradiation under magnetic field. The PNCs in phosphate buffered solution have a wavelength-shift range up to 130 nm when [glucose] changes from 0 to 20 × 10-3 m. The results can facilitate real-time glucose monitoring and provide an alternative to produce functional organic-inorganic nanostructures.
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Automonitorización de la Glucosa Sanguínea , Glucemia , Colorimetría/métodos , Glucosa/química , Hidrogeles/químicaRESUMEN
Physical exercise has a neuroprotective effect and is an important treatment after ischemic stroke. Promoting neurogenesis and myelin repair in the penumbra is an important method for the treatment of ischemic stroke. However, the role and potential mechanism of exercise in neurogenesis and myelin repair still needs to be clarified. The goal of the present study was to ascertain the possible effect of treadmill training on the neuroprotective signaling pathway in juvenile rats after ischemic stroke. The model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in juvenile rats was established and then the rats were randomly divided into 9 groups. XAV939 (an inhibitor of the Wnt/ßcatenin pathway) was used to confirm the effects of the Wnt/ßcatenin signaling pathway on exercisemediated neurogenesis and myelin repair. Neurological deficits were detected by modified neurological severity score, the injury of brain tissue and the morphology of neurons was detected by hematoxylineosin staining and Nissl staining, and the infarct volume was detected by 2,3,5triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. The changes in myelin were observed by Luxol fast blue staining. The neuron ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence and western blots analyzed the molecular mechanisms. The results showed that treadmill exercise improved neurogenesis, enhanced myelin repair, promoted neurological function recovery and reduced infarct volume. These were the results of the upregulation of Wnt3a and nucleus ßcatenin, brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and myelin basic protein (MBP). In addition, XAV939 inhibited treadmill exerciseinduced neurogenesis and myelin repair, which was consistent with the downregulation of Wnt3a, nucleus ßcatenin, BDNF and MBP expression, and the deterioration of neurological function. In summary, treadmill exercise promotes neurogenesis and myelin repair by upregulating the Wnt/ßcatenin signaling pathway, to improve the neurological deficit caused by focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
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Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Vaina de Mielina/fisiología , Neurogénesis/fisiología , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/fisiología , Regulación hacia Arriba/fisiología , Vía de Señalización Wnt/fisiología , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Isquemia Encefálica/metabolismo , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Abajo/fisiología , Prueba de Esfuerzo/psicología , Infarto de la Arteria Cerebral Media/fisiopatología , Masculino , Neuronas/fisiología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
AIMS: Treadmill exercise is a beneficial treatment following childhood stroke. Thus, studies focusing on the neuroprotective mechanism of exercise training during postischemic treatment in children with ischemic stroke are urgently needed. We evaluated the effects of treadmill exercise on autophagy after cerebral ischemia in young rats. MAIN METHODS: Rats (23-25 days old) underwent cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) surgery. The experimental animals were divided into 5 groups, and some groups received either treadmill exercise, a rapamycin (RAPA) injection or combination therapy for 3 or 7 days. We performed a series of experimental tests including neurological scoring, hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E), Nissl staining, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, Western blot analysis (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL) fluorescence. KEY FINDINGS: The experimental data indicated that treadmill exercise inhibited autophagy in the ischemic penumbra, inhibited high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) translocation and binding to Beclin1, reduced apoptosis, reduced infarct volumes, and aided in functional recovery. However, RAPA promoted the opposite effects of treadmill exercise. SIGNIFICANCE: We found that treadmill exercise improves the neurological deficits induced by CI/R by inhibiting autophagy and HMGB1 binding to Beclin1.
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Autofagia , Beclina-1/metabolismo , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Proteína HMGB1/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotectores , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Animales , Apoptosis , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patología , Isquemia Encefálica/metabolismo , Masculino , Unión Proteica , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismoRESUMEN
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is considered as the final common response of myocardium to diverse genetic and environmental insults and characterized mainly by left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The current therapies for the treatment of DCM are costly high and outcomes are often unsatisfactory. To date, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been thought to be an ideal stem cell to repair damaged myocardium but was still within relatively small scales and few cases have been conducted in clinical trials. The use of erythropoietin (EPO), a growth factor produced in the kidneys have been found prevent cardiomyocyte apoptosis. This study was aimed to transplant MSCs into DCM rat bone marrow to express EPO in vivo and investigate the regulation of EPO on cell signaling pathways after transfection. The results found that transplantation of MSCs carrying EPO could significantly relief the cardiac dysfunctions of the DCM rat. This underylying mechanism involved with inhibiting p-NF-κB and p-P38, regulateing and promoting the anti-inflammatory balance, thereby alleviating tissue injury in DCM rats and exhibiting a protective role. Meanwhile, the MSCs + EPO treatment in DCM rat also activated the p-Akt pathway and thus protecting the myocardium from apoptosis in DCM rats. The study revealed an potential therapeutic effect of MSCs and EPO in clinical and provided a molecular mechanism of action for treating DCM.