RESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Hughes-Stovin syndrome (HSS) is a rare systemic vasculitis with widespread venous/arterial thrombosis and pulmonary vasculitis. Distinguishing between pulmonary embolism (PE) and in-situ thrombosis in the early stages of HSS is challenging. The aim of the study is to compare clinical, laboratory, and computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) characteristics in patients diagnosed with PE versus those with HSS. METHODS: This retrospective study included 40 HSS patients with complete CTPA studies available, previously published by the HSS study group, and 50 patients diagnosed with PE from a single center. Demographics, clinical and laboratory findings, vascular thrombotic events, were compared between both groups. The CTPA findings were reviewed, with emphasis on the distribution, adherence to the mural wall, pulmonary infarction, ground glass opacification, and intra-alveolar hemorrhage. Pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAAs) in HSS were assessed and classified. RESULTS: The mean age of HSS patients was 35 ± 12.3 years, in PE 58.4 ± 17 (p < 0.0001). Among PE 39(78 %) had co-morbidities, among HSS none. In contrast to PE, in HSS both major venous and arterial thrombotic events are seen.. Various patterns of PAAs were observed in the HSS group, which were entirely absent in PE. Parenchymal hemorrhage was also more frequent in HSS compared to PE (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Major vascular thrombosis with arterial aneurysms formation are characteristic of HSS. PE typically appear loosely-adherent and mobile whereas "in-situ thrombosis" seen in HSS is tightly-adherent to the mural wall. Mural wall enhancement and PAAs are distinctive pulmonary findings in HSS. The latter findings have significant therapeutic ramifications.
Asunto(s)
Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Embolia Pulmonar , Humanos , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada/métodos , Vasculitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Vasculitis/complicaciones , Anciano , Arteria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Pulmonar/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAAs) are the most well-defined type of pulmonary vascular complication in Behçet's disease (BD).The aim of this study is to analyze which CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) signs are associated with serious morbidity and mortality. METHODS: The study included 42 BD patients with pulmonary vascular complications. All patients' medical records were reviewed retrospectively in terms of demographics, disease characteristics, laboratory investigations, pulmonary manifestations, arterial and/or venous thrombosis and CTPA vascular and parenchymal findings. RESULTS: Deep venous thrombosis was observed in 31(73.8%) patients, arterial thrombosis in 13(31%), peripheral arterial aneurysms in 12(286%), haemoptysis in 38 (90.5%), and fatal haemoptysis in 8(19 %) patients. CTPA revealed: in situ thrombosis in 14(33.3%) patients, true stable PAAs in 13(31), true unstable PAAs in 11(26.2%), stable pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms (PAPs) in 7(16.7%), unstable PAPs in 17(40.5%), the latter were associated with perianeurysmal leaking in 26(61.9%) and bronchial indentation in 19(45.2%).In regression analysis, fatal outcomes were associated with age in years (p=0.035), arterial thrombosis (p=0.025), peripheral arterial aneurysms (p=0.010), intracardiac thrombosis (p=0.026) and positively associated with haemoptysis severity (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Peripheral arterial thrombosis and/or aneurysms, intracardiac thrombosis and haemoptysis severity are predictor of fatal outcomes in BD pulmonary vasculitis. PAPs with perianeurysmal alveolar haemorrhage and/or bronchial indentation are serious CTPA signs that require prompt identification and aggressive treatment. PAPs are a more serious aneurysmal pattern than true PAAs because they are a contained rupture of a PA branch in the context of pulmonary vasculitis.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Hughes-Stovin syndrome (HSS) is a systemic vasculitis characterized by widespread venous/arterial thrombosis and pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAAs), which is associated with serious morbidity and mortality. All fatalities reported in HSS resulted from unpredictable fatal suffocating hemoptysis. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize pulmonary complications at an early stage of the disease. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study are to develop a reference atlas of images depicting the characteristic features of HSS by computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA). To make a guide for physicians by developing a classification of PAAs according to the severity and risk of complications associated with each distinct lesion type. METHODS: The Members of the HSS International Study Group (HSSISG) collected 42 cases, with high-quality CTPA images in one radiology station and made reconstructions from the source images. These detailed CTPA studies were reviewed for final image selection and approved by HSSISG board members. We classified these findings according to the clinical course of the patients. RESULTS: This atlas describes the CTPA images that best define the wide spectrum of pulmonary vasculitis observed in HSS. Pulmonary aneurysms were classified into six radiographic patterns: from true stable PAA with adherent in-situ thrombosis to unstable leaking PAA, BAA and/or PAP with loss of aneurysmal wall definition (most prone to rupture), also CTPA images demonstrating right ventricular strain and intracardiac thrombosis. CONCLUSION: The HSSISG reference atlas is a guide for physicians regarding the CTPA radiological findings, essential for early diagnosis and management of HSS-related pulmonary vasculitis. Key Points ⢠The Hughes-Stovin syndrome (HSS) is a systemic vasculitis characterized by extensive vascular thrombosis and pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAAs) that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. ⢠All fatalities reported in HSS were related to unpredictable massive hemoptysis; therefore, it is critical to recognize pulmonary complications at an early stage of the disease. ⢠The HSS International Study Group reference atlas classifies pulmonary vasculitis in HSS at 6 different stages of the disease process and defines the different radiological patterns of pulmonary vasculitis notably pulmonary artery aneurysms, as detected by computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA). ⢠The main aim of the classification is to make a guide for physicians about this rare syndrome. Such a scheme has never been reached before since the first description of the syndrome by Hughes and Stovin since 1959. This classification will form the basis for future recommendations regarding diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Behçet , Vasculitis , Angiografía , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Humanos , Arteria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Resumen La enfermedad de Whipple es una enfermedad multisistémica crónica, causada por la bacteria Tropherima whipplei. Se han descripto aproximadamente 1200 casos en la literatura. La incidencia mundial se estima en 9.8 casos por millón de personas. Los datos provenientes de Sudamérica y Europa muestran que afecta a varones de mediana edad. Se cree que los factores inmunológicos del huésped son los que influyen en el curso de la infección y no el genotipo del agente. Dado que las características clínicas no suelen ser específicas y el espectro de manifestaciones en órganos individuales puede ser subestimado, el diagnóstico sigue siendo muy difícil. Presentamos un caso confirmado por histopatología con compromiso multisistémico. Consideramos importante su difusión dados los escasos casos documentados en Sudamérica y la relevancia de tener presente la sospecha diagnóstica para el abordaje terapéutico precoz que mejora el pronóstico de esta rara enfermedad.
Abstract Whipple's disease is a chronic mutisystem disease caused by the bacteria Tropherima whipplei. Approximately 1200 cases have been described in the literature. The worldwide incidence is estimated at 9.8 cases per million people. Data from South America and Europe show that it affects middle-aged males. It is believed that host immunological factors rather than agent genotypic traits influence the course of the infection. Since the clinical characteristics are usually nonspecific and the wide spectrum of manifestations in individual organs may be underestimated, the diagnosis remains challenging. We present a case with multisystem compromise confirmed by histopathology. We consider its publication important given the few cases documented in South America and the relevance of bearing in mind the importance of an early diagnosis for a prompt treatment that improves the prognosis of this rare disease.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Hipertensión Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Hipertensión Pulmonar/etiología , Enfermedad de Whipple/complicaciones , Enfermedad de Whipple/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Whipple/tratamiento farmacológico , Europa (Continente) , Tropheryma , Antibacterianos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hughes-Stovin syndrome (HSS) is a systemic disease characterized by widespread vascular thrombosis and pulmonary vasculitis with serious morbidity and mortality. The HSS International Study Group is a multidisciplinary taskforce aiming to study HSS, in order to generate consensus recommendations regarding diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: We included 57 published cases of HSS (43 males) and collected data regarding: clinical presentation, associated complications, hemoptysis severity, laboratory and computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) findings, treatment modalities and cause of death. RESULTS: At initial presentation, DVT was observed in 29(33.3 %), thrombophlebitis in 3(5.3%), hemoptysis in 24(42.1%), and diplopia and seizures in 1 patient each. During the course of disease, DVT occurred in 48(84.2%) patients, and superficial thrombophlebitis was observed in 29(50.9%). Hemoptysis occurred in 53(93.0%) patients and was fatal in 12(21.1%). Pulmonary artery (PA) aneurysms (PAAs) were bilateral in 53(93%) patients. PAA were located within the main PA in 11(19.3%), lobar in 50(87.7%), interlobar in 13(22.8%) and segmental in 42(73.7%). Fatal outcomes were more common in patients with inferior vena cava thrombosis (p = 0.039) and ruptured PAAs (p < 0.001). Death was less common in patients treated with corticosteroids (p < 0.001), cyclophosphamide (p < 0.008), azathioprine (p < 0.008), combined immune modulators (p < 0.001). No patients had uveitis; 6(10.5%) had genital ulcers and 11(19.3%) had oral ulcers. CONCLUSIONS: HSS may lead to serious morbidity and mortality if left untreated. PAAs, adherent in-situ thrombosis and aneurysmal wall enhancement are characteristic CTPA signs of HSS pulmonary vasculitis. Combined immune modulators contribute to favorable outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma , Síndrome de Behçet , Vasculitis , Trombosis de la Vena , Humanos , Masculino , Arteria PulmonarRESUMEN
Whipple's disease is a chronic mutisystem disease caused by the bacteria Tropherima whipplei. Approximately 1200 cases have been described in the literature. The worldwide incidence is estimated at 9.8 cases per million people. Data from South America and Europe show that it affects middle-aged males. It is believed that host immunological factors rather than agent genotypic traits influence the course of the infection. Since the clinical characteristics are usually nonspecific and the wide spectrum of manifestations in individual organs may be underestimated, the diagnosis remains challenging. We present a case with multisystem compromise confirmed by histopathology. We consider its publication important given the few cases documented in South America and the relevance of bearing in mind the importance of an early diagnosis for a prompt treatment that improves the prognosis of this rare disease.
La enfermedad de Whipple es una enfermedad multisistémica crónica, causada por la bacteria Tropherima whipplei. Se han descripto aproximadamente 1200 casos en la literatura. La incidencia mundial se estima en 9.8 casos por millón de personas. Los datos provenientes de Sudamérica y Europa muestran que afecta a varones de mediana edad. Se cree que los factores inmunológicos del huésped son los que influyen en el curso de la infección y no el genotipo del agente. Dado que las características clínicas no suelen ser específicas y el espectro de manifestaciones en órganos individuales puede ser subestimado, el diagnóstico sigue siendo muy difícil. Presentamos un caso confirmado por histopatología con compromiso multisistémico. Consideramos importante su difusión dados los escasos casos documentados en Sudamérica y la relevancia de tener presente la sospecha diagnóstica para el abordaje terapéutico precoz que mejora el pronóstico de esta rara enfermedad.
Asunto(s)
Hipertensión Pulmonar , Enfermedad de Whipple , Anciano , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Hipertensión Pulmonar/etiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tropheryma , Enfermedad de Whipple/complicaciones , Enfermedad de Whipple/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Whipple/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
The marijuana arteriopathy should be considered in young patients with peripheral arterial disease with no risk factors for atherosclerosis. It was described for the first time in 1960 and since then there have been about 100 cases published in the literature. Although it tends to be considered as an independent entity of thromboangiitis obliterans or Leo Buerger's disease, in the light of the last findings it is possible to consider it within the spectrum of the latter. We present two cases of young patients with peripheral vascular disease associated with marijuana use where other associated illnesses had been excluded and where the mainstay of treatment has been the cessation of marijuana consumption. It is essential to assess drug use in young patients presenting with peripheral arterial disease.
La arteriopatía por marihuana debe ser considerada en pacientes jóvenes con arteriopatía periférica sin factores de riesgo para ateroesclerosis. Se ha descrito por primera vez en 1960 y existen más de 100 casos en la literatura. Si bien se tiende a considerar como una entidad independiente de la tromboangeítis obliterante o enfermedad de Leo Buerger, debido a los hallazgos la consideramos dentro del espectro de esta última. Presentamos dos casos de pacientes jóvenes con enfermedad vascular periférica asociada al consumo de marihuana, luego de excluir otras enfermedades. El tratamiento es el cese del consumo. Es indispensable valorar el uso de drogas en pacientes jóvenes que se presentan con arteriopatía periférica.
Asunto(s)
Abuso de Marihuana/complicaciones , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/inducido químicamente , Adulto , Cannabis , Humanos , Masculino , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/terapia , Factores de Riesgo , Tromboangitis Obliterante/inducido químicamente , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
La arteriopatía por marihuana debe ser considerada en pacientes jóvenes con arteriopatía periférica sin factores de riesgo para ateroesclerosis. Se ha descrito por primera vez en 1960 y existen más de 100 casos en la literatura. Si bien se tiende a considerar como una entidad independiente de la tromboangeítis obliterante o enfermedad de Leo Buerger, debido a los hallazgos la consideramos dentro del espectro de esta última. Presentamos dos casos de pacientes jóvenes con enfermedad vascular periférica asociada al consumo de marihuana, luego de excluir otras enfermedades. El tratamiento es el cese del consumo. Es indispensable valorar el uso de drogas en pacientes jóvenes que se presentan con arteriopatía periférica.
The marijuana arteriopathy should be considered in young patients with peripheral arterial disease with no risk factors for atherosclerosis. It was described for the first time in 1960 and since then there have been about 100 cases published in the literature. Although it tends to be considered as an independent entity of thromboangiitis obliterans or Leo Buerger´s disease, in the light of the last findings it is possible to consider it within the spectrum of the latter. We present two cases of young patients with peripheral vascular disease associated with marijuana use where other associated illnesses had been excluded and where the mainstay of treatment has been the cessation of marijuana consumption. It is essential to assess drug use in young patients presenting with peripheral arterial disease.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Abuso de Marihuana/complicaciones , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/inducido químicamente , Tromboangitis Obliterante/inducido químicamente , Cannabis , Factores de Riesgo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/terapiaRESUMEN
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the upper limb is a rare entity, estimated to account for 10% of all cases of DVT. Classically, they are classified into primary (idiopathic, due to subclavian vein compression or exercise related) and secondary (cancer, thrombophilia, trauma, shoulder surgery, associated to venous catheters or due to hormonal causes). The Paget- Schrötter syndrome is a primary thrombosis of the subclavian vein in the subclavian-axillary junction, related either to repetitive movements or to exercise; leading to microtrauma in the endothelium with consequent activation of the coagulation cascade. Clinically, it presents abruptly with pain, edema and feeling of heaviness in the affected limb. The treatment varies from thrombolytics and anticoagulation to surgical intervention, depending on the time of evolution. We present four cases of exercise-related subclavian vein thrombosis.
Asunto(s)
Vena Axilar/patología , Vena Subclavia/patología , Trombosis Venosa Profunda de la Extremidad Superior/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticoagulantes/uso terapéutico , Vena Axilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Edema , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Flebografía , Vena Subclavia/diagnóstico por imagen , Ultrasonografía Doppler , Trombosis Venosa Profunda de la Extremidad Superior/diagnóstico , Trombosis Venosa Profunda de la Extremidad Superior/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
La trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) del miembro superior es una entidad poco frecuente, se estima que representa el 10% de todos los casos de TVP. Clásicamente se clasifican en primarias (idiopáticas, por compresión de la vena subclavia o relacionadas con el ejercicio) y secundarias (cáncer, trombofilia, traumatismo, cirugía del hombro, asociadas a catéteres venosos o de causa hormonal). El síndrome de Paget- Schrötter es una trombosis primaria de la vena subclavia en la unión subclavio-axilar, ya sea por movimientos repetitivos o relacionada al ejercicio; llevando a microtrauma en el endotelio con la consiguiente activación de la cascada de coagulación. Clínicamente se presenta de forma brusca con dolor, edema y sensación de pesadez en el miembro afectado. El tratamiento varía desde trombolíticos y anticoagulación a la intervención quirúrgica, dependiendo del tiempo de evolución. Presentamos cuatro casos de trombosis de vena subclavia relacionada con el ejercicio.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the upper limb is a rare entity, estimated to account for 10% of all cases of DVT. Classically, they are classified into primary (idiopathic, due to subclavian vein compression or exercise related) and secondary (cancer, thrombophilia, trauma, shoulder surgery, associated to venous catheters or due to hormonal causes). The Paget- Schrötter syndrome is a primary thrombosis of the subclavian vein in the subclavian-axillary junction, related either to repetitive movements or to exercise; leading to microtrauma in the endothelium with consequent activation of the coagulation cascade. Clinically, it presents abruptly with pain, edema and feeling of heaviness in the affected limb. The treatment varies from thrombolytics and anticoagulation to surgical intervention, depending on the time of evolution. We present four cases of exercise-related subclavian vein thrombosis.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Vena Subclavia/patología , Vena Axilar/patología , Trombosis Venosa Profunda de la Extremidad Superior/patología , Vena Subclavia/diagnóstico por imagen , Vena Axilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Flebografía , Ultrasonografía Doppler , Edema , Trombosis Venosa Profunda de la Extremidad Superior/diagnóstico , Trombosis Venosa Profunda de la Extremidad Superior/tratamiento farmacológico , Anticoagulantes/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The Hughes-Stovin syndrome is a rare entity characterized by deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary artery aneurysms of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. Some authors considered a variant of Behcet's disease. Its natural course is usually fatal. The symptoms are cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, chest pain and fever. The treatment goes from steroids and cytotoxic agents to surgery. We present the case of a 41 year old man who shows dyspnea, hemoptysis, and chest pain leading to the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis of the right leg, lung thromboembolism and pulmonary artery aneurysms. He was treated with high-dose corticosteroids and 6 cyclophosphamide pulses of 1 gram each per 6 months with complete regression of aneurysms and symptomatology.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma Roto/diagnóstico , Arteria Pulmonar , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Trombosis de la Vena/diagnóstico , Adulto , Síndrome de Behçet/diagnóstico , Hemoptisis/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , SíndromeRESUMEN
El síndrome de Hughes-Stovin es una entidad infrecuente caracterizada por trombosis venosa profunda y aneurismas de la arteria pulmonar, siendo su etiología y patogenia desconocida. Algunos autores la consideran una variante de la enfermedad de Behcet. Su curso natural es generalmente fatal. Se presenta con tos, disnea, hemoptisis, dolor torácico y fiebre. El tratamiento es con esteroides y agentes citotóxicos hasta la cirugía. Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 41 años que consultó por disnea, hemoptisis y dolor torácico, llegándose al diagnóstico de trombosis venosa profunda de miembro inferior derecho, trombo-embolismo de pulmón y aneurismas de arterias pulmonares. Recibió tratamiento con corticoides en altas dosis y 6 pulsos de ciclofosfamida de 1 gramo durante 6 meses, con regresión completa de los aneurismas y de la sintomatología.
The Hughes-Stovin syndrome is a rare entity characterized by deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary artery aneurysms of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. Some authors considered a variant of Behcet's disease. Its natural course is usually fatal. The symptoms are cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, chest pain and fever. The treatment goes from steroids and cytotoxic agents to surgery. We present the case of a 41 year old man who shows dyspnea, hemoptysis, and chest pain leading to the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis of the right leg, lung thromboembolism and pulmonary artery aneurysms. He was treated with high-dose corticosteroids and 6 cyclophosphamide pulses of 1 gram each per 6 months with complete regression of aneurysms and symptomatology.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Arteria Pulmonar , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Aneurisma Roto/diagnóstico , Trombosis de la Vena/diagnóstico , Síndrome , Síndrome de Behçet/diagnóstico , Hemoptisis/etiologíaRESUMEN
Hiccup is a spasmodic involuntary contraction of the diaphragm which triggers a sudden inspiration and an abrupt closure of the glottis with a characteristic sound. Regarding its duration, it is classified as hiccup attack, persistent hiccup or rebellious or intractable hiccup. We present the case of a 75 old male with rebellious hiccup which prevented him to fall asleep by day or by night, associated with belches lasting for three years, refractory to chlorpromazine. An extensive evaluation led to the diagnosis of right ethmoid sinus tumor. The tumor resection was performed and after subsequent local radiotherapy the hiccup disappeared. We consider this a rare cause of rebellious hiccup that generated a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/complicaciones , Senos Etmoidales , Hipo/etiología , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales/complicaciones , Anciano , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
El hipo es una contracción espasmódica involuntaria del diafragma que desencadena una inspiración súbita y cierre abrupto de la glotis originando un sonido característico. Según su duración se clasifica en ataque de hipo, hipo persistente o hipo intratable o rebelde. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 75 años de edad con hipo rebelde que le impedía conciliar el sueño, diurno y nocturno, asociado a eructos, de tres años de evolución, refractario al tratamiento con clorpromazina. Luego de una extensa evaluación se llegó al diagnóstico de tumor en seno etmoidal derecho. Se efectuó la resección del tumor y posterior radioterapia local con desaparición del hipo. Consideramos ésta una causa rara de hipo rebelde que generó un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico.
Hiccup is a spasmodic involuntary contraction of the diaphragm which triggers a sudden inspiration and an abrupt closure of the glottis with a characteristic sound. Regarding its duration, it is classified as hiccup attack, persistent hiccup or rebellious or intractable hiccup. We present the case of a 75 old male with rebellious hiccup which prevented him to fall asleep by day or by night, associated with belches lasting for three years, refractory to chlorpromazine. An extensive evaluation led to the diagnosis of right ethmoid sinus tumor. The tumor resection was performed and after subsequent local radiotherapy the hiccup disappeared. We consider this a rare cause of rebellious hiccup that generated a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
Asunto(s)
Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/complicaciones , Senos Etmoidales , Hipo/etiología , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales/complicacionesRESUMEN
La trombosis periférica aguda inducida por cocaína ha sido descripta en la literatura, siendo una complicación poco común. Si bien existen comunicaciones que reflejan los efectos crónicos de la cocaína sobre el sistema arterial periférico, no hay casos publicados de tal complicación en ausencia de otros factores de riesgo. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 22 años de edad con antecedentes de consumo de cocaína intranasal de 3 gramos por semana durante un año, que consultó por claudicación intermitente a los 200 metros asociada a dolor y parestesias en miembro inferior izquierdo de 2 meses de evolución. El ecodoppler arterial evidenció una estenosis mayor del 70% en la arteria femoral superficial izquierda. Se realizaron estudios complementarios descartando otras etiologías probables. Se inició tratamiento con ácido acetilsalicílico, cilostazol y ejercicio reglado, asociado a terapia de apoyo para mantenimiento del cese del consumo de cocaína, con buena respuesta. Se destaca la importancia de la difusión de información a los pacientes, dado que la mayoría de la población desconoce las complicaciones cardiovasculares de dicha adicción. Es indispensable indagar sobre el consumo de cocaína en pacientes jóvenes con arteriopatía sin factores de riesgo aparentes.
Cocaine induced acute peripheral thrombosis, though a rare complication, has been described in the literature. Although there are reports describing the chronic effects of cocaine on the peripheral arterial system, there are no published cases of this complication when other risk factors are lacking. We report on a 22 year old female patient, with intranasal consumption of 3 grams of cocaine per week for a year, who consulted for intermittent claudication at 200 meters, associated to left lower limb pain and paresthesiae for the last two months. Arterial Doppler ultrasonography showed a stenosis greater than 70% in the superficial left femoral artery. Other probable etiologies were excluded. Treatment was initiated with acetylsalicylic acid, cilostazol and graded physical exercise, associated to support therapy in order to maintain cocaine consumption avoidance, with good response. This case emphasizes the relevance of patients information, as most people ignore the cardiovascular complication of this addiction. It is also essential to inquire about cocaine consumption in young patients with peripheral arteriopathy and no apparent risk factors.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Trastornos Relacionados con Cocaína/complicaciones , Cocaína/efectos adversos , Arteria Femoral , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/inducido químicamenteRESUMEN
Cocaine induced acute peripheral thrombosis, though a rare complication, has been described in the literature. Although there are reports describing the chronic effects of cocaine on the peripheral arterial system, there are no published cases of this complication when other risk factors are lacking. We report on a 22 year old female patient, with intranasal consumption of 3 grams of cocaine per week for a year, who consulted for intermittent claudication at 200 meters, associated to left lower limb pain and paresthesiae for the last two months. Arterial Doppler ultrasonography showed a stenosis greater than 70% in the superficial left femoral artery. Other probable etiologies were excluded. Treatment was initiated with acetylsalicylic acid, cilostazol and graded physical exercise, associated to support therapy in order to maintain cocaine consumption avoidance, with good response. This case emphasizes the relevance of patients information, as most people ignore the cardiovascular complication of this addiction. It is also essential to inquire about cocaine consumption in young patients with peripheral arteriopathy and no apparent risk factors.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Relacionados con Cocaína/complicaciones , Cocaína/efectos adversos , Arteria Femoral , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/inducido químicamente , Femenino , Humanos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a disease with several causes and diverse clinical course. In our environment there are not many papers on this entity and they approach punctual features inside the broad spectrum picture. The aim of this study is to determinate clinical features, etiology, handling and evolution of patients diagnosed with AP admitted in our Hospital during a three years period. The clinical records of patients with AP admitted at the British Hospital of Buenos Aires between April 2004 and April 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data, etiology, treatment, severity of the illness, morbidity and mortality were evaluated. Ninety seven patients were diagnosed with AP during the analyzed period. Forty nine were male (50.5%). The average age was 58.5 +/- 1.6 years (range 21-93). Ninety two patients presented only one episode of AP and five patients suffered two or more (recurrent pancreatitis). According to the etiology, 48 had a biliary origin, 23 were idiopathic, 11 post biliary tract procedures, 2 recognized an alcoholic origin and 13 other causes. The median hospital stay was 7 days. Twenty five percent required admission in Intensive Care Unit. Most of the patients (n: 66; 72%) presented mild episodes according to the Ranson Score. The median of beginning oral feeding was 3 days. Regarding to complications, 13% have multiple organ failure, 8% pancreatic necrosis (4 infected), only one patient had a pseudocist and another patient a peripancreatic abscess. Mortality rate was 7.2% (7 cases, all with Ranson = 3). Although this is a short series, the biliar origin is still the most prevalent etiology in our population. The low number of alcoholic origin caught our attention. Mortality was similar to that described in other series, but the number of local complications was lower. Our data are consistent with other papers regarding management and prognosis, and update the Argentine casuistic.
Asunto(s)
Pancreatitis/epidemiología , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Argentina/epidemiología , Femenino , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pancreatitis/etiología , Pancreatitis/mortalidad , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
La pancreatitis aguda (PA) es una patología con múltiples etiologías y de curso clínico diverso. En nuestro medio son escasas las comunicaciones acerca de esta entidad y en general abordan temas puntuales dentro del amplio espectro del cuadro. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar las características clínicas, la etiología, el manejo y la evolución de los pacientes internados en nuestra institución con diagnóstico de PA. Se analizaron retrospectivamente los registros clínicos de los pacientes con diagnóstico de PA entre abril de 2004 y abril de 2007. Se evaluaron los datos poblacionales, etiología, tratamiento instaurado, gravedad y morbimortalidad. En el período analizado, 97 pacientes fueron internados con diagnóstico de PA. Cuarenta y nueve fueron de sexo masculino (50.5%). La edad promedio fue de 58.5 ± 1.6 años (rango 21-93). Noventa y dos pacientes presentaron un solo episodio de PA, y 5 pacientes dos o más episodios (pancreatitis recurrente). Según su etiología, 48 fueron de origen biliar, 23 idiopáticas, 11 post-procedimientos en la vía biliar, 2 de origen alcohólico y 13 de otras causas. La mediana de estadía hospitalaria fue 7 días. El 25% requirió internación en Unidad de Terapia Intensiva. Según la escala de Ranson la mayoría de los pacientes (n: 66; 72%) presentaron cuadros leves. La mediana de inicio de alimentación oral fue de 3 días. Con respecto a las complicaciones, 13% presentaron falla multiorgánica, 8% necrosis pancreática (4 infectadas), sólo un paciente desarrolló un seudoquiste y otro un absceso pancreático. La mortalidad fue 7.2% (7 casos, todos con Ranson ≥ 3). La PA de origen biliar resultó ser la más común y si bien la presente es una serie pequeña, llama la atención el bajo número de PA de origen alcohólico. Aunque el número de complicaciones locales fue menor, la mortalidad fue similar a la descripta en la literatura. Nuestros datos también son coincidentes en cuanto al manejo y pronóstico de la PA. El presente trabajo actualiza la casuística en Argentina.
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a disease with several causes and diverse clinical course. In our environment there are not many papers on this entity and they approach punctual features inside the broad spectrum picture. The aim of this study is to determinate clinical features, etiology, handling and evolution of patients diagnosed with AP admitted in our Hospital during a three years period. The clinical records of patients with AP admitted at the British Hospital of Buenos Aires between April 2004 and April 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data, etiology, treatment, severity of the illness, morbidity and mortality were evaluated. Ninety seven patients were diagnosed with AP during the analyzed period. Forty nine were male (50.5%). The average age was 58.5 ± 1.6 years (range 21-93). Ninety two patients presented only one episode of AP and five patients suffered two or more (recurrent pancreatitis). According to the etiology, 48 had a biliary origin, 23 were idiopathic, 11 post biliary tract procedures, 2 recognized an alcoholic origin and 13 other causes. The median hospital stay was 7 days. Twenty five percent required admission in Intensive Care Unit. Most of the patients (n: 66; 72%) presented mild episodes according to the Ranson Score. The median of beginning oral feeding was 3 days. Regarding to complications, 13% have multiple organ failure, 8% pancreatic necrosis (4 infected), only one patient had a pseudocist and another patient a peripancreatic abscess. Mortality rate was 7.2% (7 cases, all with Ranson = 3). Although this is a short series, the biliar origin is still the most prevalent etiology in our population. The low number of alcoholic origin caught our attention. Mortality was similar to that described in other series, but the number of local complications was lower. Our data are consistent with other papers regarding management and prognosis, and update the Argentine casuistic.