Tunneled or Pocket Creation Method versus Conventional Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Gastric Lesions - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Tunneled endoscopic submucosal dissection (T-ESD) and pocket creation method ESD (PCM-ESD) are considered to have technical advantages over conventional ESD (C-ESD). However, data comparing these techniques for ESD of gastric lesions is limited. METHODS: PubMed and Cochrane databases were reviewed for relevant studies from their inception to October 31, 2023. Studies comparing T-ESD or PCM-ESD (T/PCM-ESD) to C-ESD for gastric lesions were included. The primary outcomes were dissection speed and en bloc resection. Secondary outcomes were R0 resection, recurrence, perforation, and post-ESD bleeding. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Eight observational studies (359 patients - T/PCM-ESD, 670 patients - C-ESD) were included. T/PCM-ESD was associated with a significantly faster dissection speed (Mean Difference: 4.42 mm2/min, 95% CI: 2.05, 6.79, I2 = 79%). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of en bloc resection (risk ratio (RR): 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00-1.03, I2 = 0%), R0 resection (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.99-1.07, I2 = 0%) and recurrence (RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.14-3.84, I2 = 0%). While T/PCM-ESD was associated with a significantly lower risk of perforation (RR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06-0.80, I2 = 0%), post-ESD bleeding rates were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: T/PCM-ESD facilitates faster and safer gastric ESD than conventional ESD with comparable en bloc resection, R0 resection, and recurrence rates. A future randomized controlled control trial is required.

Patients' perspectives on marijuana use for inflammatory bowel disease: a multicenter survey.

Background: As marijuana use is rising among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), so is interest in its potential use as a therapeutic agent. We sought to survey IBD patients regarding marijuana use, self-reported impact on IBD symptoms, and perceptions of safety. Methods: A multicenter anonymous survey was administered to patients with IBD between October 2020 and June 2021. The 70-question survey collected demographic variables, clinical variables, attitudes about marijuana, and perceptions of its safety and efficacy in IBD. Participants were classified by their marijuana use: "rarely/never," "current," and "former". Percentage and chi-square tests were used to compare categorical variables between the 3 groups, and means and 2-group ANOVA were used for continuous variables. Results: Of 181 patients surveyed, 166 were eligible for the study. Of these, 70 (42.2%) participants were rare/never marijuana users, 44 (26.5%) were current users, and 52 (31.3%) were former users. Fifty-three percent thought marijuana would help with IBD inflammation and 80% thought it would help with IBD pain. Over 70% of patients from all groups thought marijuana had a low-to-moderate risk of harm, and 69.6% of the participants who never or rarely used marijuana thought marijuana was addictive, compared to 20.5% of the current users and 44% of the former marijuana users. Conclusions: While many patients thought marijuana use helps with IBD-related pain and inflammation, many expressed concerns about addiction to marijuana and a possible risk of harm. Further studies are needed to examine the benefit and harm of marijuana in IBD.

Fecal microbiota transplant delivered via invasive routes in irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) results in significant loss of quality of life. Management guidelines do not recommend fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) for IBS based on weak evidence as refined data is lacking. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to ascertain the pooled clinical outcomes of FMT in IBS, delivered via invasive routes. METHODS: Multiple databases were searched through January 2023 to identify studies that reported on FMT treatment in IBS by invasive routes. Standard meta-analysis methodology using the random-effects model was used. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2% and 95% predication interval. RESULTS: Five studies were included. As many as 377 IBS patients were assessed, of which 238 received FMT and 139 received placebo. One study used nasojejunal tubes, one esophagogastroduodenoscopy and three colonoscopy for FMT delivery. FMT via colonoscopy was performed as a one-time procedure instilled into the cecum. Two studies used 30 g of stool from a single universal donor and one study used 50-80 g of pooled donor feces. The pooled odds ratio of improvement in IBS symptoms with FMT was significantly better as compared to that of placebo OR = 2.9 (95% CI [1.6-5.2, I2 = 62%, p < 0.001]). This was true for studies that exclusively used colonoscopy (OR = 2.1 [1.1-4.2, p = 0.04]). In the FMT arm, 10 patients (10.6%) reported abdomen pain and worsening of symptoms with bloating and six patients (6.3%) reported diarrhea. CONCLUSION: FMT delivered via invasive routes, especially colonoscopy, demonstrated significant improvement in IBS symptoms. A single FMT consisting of 30 g or more of single universal donor feces instilled into the cecum is the predominant modality.

Acute idiopathic pancreatitis is associated with more aggressive disease course in Crohn's disease but not in ulcerative colitis.

PURPOSE: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), whether Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC), have an increased risk of acute pancreatitis. The prognostic value of diagnosing acute idiopathic pancreatitis in patients with IBD is not well understood. METHODS: A retrospective review of 56 patients with IBD and acute pancreatitis was conducted in a tertiary center from 2011 to 2020. Aggressive disease course was defined as (i)biologic change, (ii)biologic dose escalation, or (iii)IBD-related surgeries occurring within 1 year of acute pancreatitis diagnosis. Logistic regression modelling identified associations between covariates and an aggressive disease course. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics between idiopathic pancreatitis and other causes of acute pancreatitis, in both CD and UC cohorts, were similar. Idiopathic pancreatitis was significantly associated with an aggressive disease course in CD (P = 0.04). No confounding factors were associated with an aggressive disease course in CD. Idiopathic pancreatitis, however, was not associated with an aggressive disease course in UC (P = 0.35). CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of acute idiopathic pancreatitis may provide a prognostic indicator of a more severe disease course in CD. No such association appears to exist with UC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that identifies an association and possible prognostic value between idiopathic pancreatitis and a more severe disease course in CD. More studies with a larger sample size are needed to validate these findings, further define idiopathic pancreatitis as an extraintestinal manifestation of IBD and elucidate a clinical strategy to optimize care in patients with aggressive CD and idiopathic pancreatitis.

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs for Chemoprevention in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background and Aims: Published literature shows mixed reports of the benefits of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on reducing colorectal polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). We conducted a systematic review and performed a meta-analysis to assess the impact of NSAIDs on colorectal polyp burden in patients with FAP. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of NSAIDs vs placebo on the percent change in polyp number and polyp size in patients with FAP. Mean differences between the 2 study arms were pooled using RevMan. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for RCTs, and certainty in the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. Results: The search strategy identified 1021 studies, out of which we included 8 RCTs with a total of 279 patients. Treatment for 6.4 ± 2.2 months with NSAIDs reduced polyp numbers by -17.4% (95% confidence interval -26.41%, -8.29%) (low certainty [I2 89%] due to imprecision and issues with RoB) and polyp size by -15.9% (95% confidence interval -24.98%, -6.73%) (very low certainty (I2 84%) due to imprecision, inconsistency, and issues with RoB). The most common gastrointestinal adverse events reported were stomatitis, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Side effects leading to drug discontinuation were gastroenteritis and drug allergy. Conclusion: Short-term use of NSAIDs reduced polyp number and polyp size but with low to very low certainty of evidence. Further large multicenter studies are needed to further explore NSAIDs as a chemopreventive measure in patients with FAP.

Operator Radiation Exposure During Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Background: The level of radiation exposure received by operators performing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is not well investigated. The aim of this study is to measure the amount of radiation received by operators performing transfemoral TAVR and to identify various patient and procedural characteristics associated with increased radiation exposure. Methods: Primary (operator 1) and secondary (operator 2) operators' equivalent radiation doses in micro Sieverts (µSv) were calculated prospectively using real-time radiation dosimeters for a total of 140 consecutive transfemoral TAVRs. Corresponding eye and thorax radiation exposures between the operators were compared. Associations between various patient and procedural characteristics and the radiation exposure were tested using the t-test and Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney rank-sum test with Monte Carlo estimation. Multivariable regression analysis was also conducted. Results: Operator 1 had significantly higher cumulative equivalent radiation exposure than operator 2 (86 µSv vs 38 µSv, p-value: <0.0001) which was consistent at the level of the thorax (67 µSv vs 22 µSv, p-value: <0.0001), but not at the level of the eye (16.5 µSv vs 15 µSv, p-value: 0.30). On multivariable analysis, patient obesity and intraprocedural complications were associated with higher radiation exposure to both operators. Ad hoc percutaneous coronary intervention led to excessive radiation exposure to the secondary operator. Conclusions: Transfemoral TAVR is associated with a modest amount of radiation exposure to operators and is significantly higher for the primary operator than for the secondary operator.

Assessing the repercussions of COVID-19 pandemic on symptoms, disease management, and emotional well-being in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a multi-site survey study.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created numerous challenges in provision of safe and effective care for patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). In this study, we surveyed patients with IBD to highlight the impact of the pandemic on their IBD symptoms, management, and well-being. METHODS: A multi-site survey was administered to patients with IBD. We evaluated patient's symptoms, medications changes, seeking medical attention, eating behaviors, sleep patterns, stress, self-reported anxiety and depression. The survey also measured emotional impact of the pandemic using the validated Pandemic Emotional Impact Scale (PEIS) and resilience using the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). Logistic, ordinal, and linear regression models were utilized to perform sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: The response rate to the survey was 61%. Of 391 surveyed patients, 21.1% reported worsened gastrointestinal symptoms, 17.5% reported changing biologic medication infusion schedule, 18.7% reported changing medication regimen, 43.6% attended at least one telemedicine visit with their gastroenterologist, 16.5% reported a less healthy diet, 40.5% reported worsening sleep, 63.7% reported more stress, and 65.3% reported feeling more vulnerable than before the pandemic. Women and participants with self-reported anxiety and depression were more likely to have worse symptoms, psychological well-being and daily functioning. Increased PEIS scores and decreased BRS scores were associated with worse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 pandemic has impacted symptoms, disease management and well-being for patient with IBD, more prominently in patients who suffer from anxiety and depression. Utilizing PEIS and BRS scores as screening tools could help better tailor outreach and follow-up to support these patients.

Orbital atherectomy versus rotational atherectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery calcification is associated with poor outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Atheroablative techniques such as orbital atherectomy (OA) and rotational atherectomy (RA) are routinely utilized to treat these calcified lesions in order to optimize lesion preparation and facilitate stent delivery. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to compare the performance of OA versus RA in patients with calcified coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing PCI. METHODS: We conducted an electronic database search of all published data for studies that compared OA versus RA in patients with calcified coronary artery disease undergoing PCI and reported on outcomes of interest. Event rates were compared using a forest plot of odds ratios using a random-effects model assuming interstudy heterogeneity. RESULTS: A total of five observational studies (total number of patients = 1872; OA = 535, RA = 1337) were included in the final analysis. On pooled analysis, OA compared to RA was associated with a significant reduction in fluoroscopy times (OR = -6.33; 95% CI = -9.90 to -2.76; p < .0005; I2 = 82). There was no difference between the two techniques in terms of contrast volume, coronary artery dissection, device induced arterial perforation, cardiac tamponade, slow flow/no reflow, periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI), in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, 30-day MI, 30-day target vessel revascularization (TVR), and 30-day major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). CONCLUSION: Except for lower fluoroscopy time with OA, there are no significant differences between OA and RA in relation to procedural, periprocedural, and thirty day outcomes among patients with calcified CAD undergoing PCI.

Three to four years outcomes of the absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold versus second-generation drug-eluting stent: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis sought to evaluate the outcomes of absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) compared with second-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) after 3 years, the approximate time of complete polymer bioresorption. BACKGROUND: BVS were found to be inferior to second-generation DES in early and mid-term outcomes with a higher rate of target vessel myocardial infarction (TV-MI) and device thrombosis (DT). Improper implantation techniques and incomplete bioresorption of the poly-l-lactide (PLLA) polymer were sighted as possible reasons. METHODS: We conducted an electronic database search for all randomized control trials that compared absorb BVS to second-generation DES and reported outcomes of interest after 3 years of absorb BVS implantation. Assuming interstudy heterogeneity, a random-effects analysis was conducted with odds ratio as the effect size of choice to compare the event rates between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of four studies (n = 3,245, BVS = 2075, DES = 1,170) were included in the final analysis. Pooled analysis revealed that there was no difference between absorb BVS and second-generation DES with respect to target lesion failure (TLF) (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.73-2.07, p = 0.44), TV-MI (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.42-2.53, p = 0.95), target lesion revascularization (TLR) (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 0.77-3.33, p = 0.20) and definite/probable DT (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.10-5.07, p = 0.74). Also, there was no difference in cardiac mortality (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.22-1.94, p = 0.45). CONCLUSIONS: Between 3 and 4 years of follow-up, patients receiving absorb BVS did not have significantly different outcomes, in terms of TLF, TV-MI, TLR, DT, and cardiac mortality, compared to DES.

Mitraclip Plus Medical Therapy Versus Medical Therapy Alone for Functional Mitral Regurgitation: A Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare the efficacy of MitraClip plus medical therapy versus medical therapy alone in patients with functional mitral regurgitation (FMR). FMR caused by left ventricular dysfunction is associated with poor prognosis. Whether MitraClip improves clinical outcomes in this patient population remains controversial. METHODS: We conducted an electronic database search of PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases for randomized control trials (RCTs) and observational studies with propensity score matching (PSM) that compared MitraClip plus medical therapy with medical therapy alone for patients with FMR and reported on subsequent mortality, heart failure re-hospitalization, and other outcomes of interest. Event rates were compared using a random-effects model with odds ratio as the effect size. RESULTS: Five studies (n = 1513; MitraClip = 796, medical therapy = 717) were included in the final analysis. MitraClip plus medical therapy compared to medical therapy alone was associated with a significant reduction in overall mortality (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.44-0.99, P = 0.04) and heart failure (HF) re-hospitalization rates (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.36-0.91, P = 0.02). There was reduced need for heart transplantation or mechanical support requirement (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.25-0.91, P = 0.02) and unplanned mitral valve surgery (OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.07-0.61, P = 0.004) in the MitraClip group. No effect was observed on cardiac mortality (P = 0.42) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: MitraClip plus medical therapy improves overall mortality and reduces HF re-hospitalization rates compared to medical therapy alone in patients with FMR.

Patent foramen ovale closure versus medical therapy for cryptogenic stroke: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare safety and efficacy of patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure compared with medical therapy in patients with cryptogenic stroke (CS). BACKGROUND: The role of PFO closure in preventing recurrent stroke in patients with prior CS has been controversial. METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials, and the clinical trial registry maintained at clinicaltrials.gov for randomized control trials that compared device closure with medical management and reported on subsequent stroke and adverse events. Event rates were compared using a forest plot of relative risk using a random-effects model assuming interstudy heterogeneity. RESULTS: A total of 6 studies (n = 3747) were included in the final analysis. Mean follow-up ranged from 2 to 5.9 years. Pooled analysis revealed that device closure compared to medical management was associated with a significant reduction in stroke (risk ratio [RR] = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.20-0.83, I2 = 51%, P = 0.01). There was, however, a significant increase in atrial fibrillation with device therapy (RR = 5.29, 95% CI = 2.32-12.06, I2 = 38%, P < 0.0001). No effect was observed on major bleeding (P = 0.50) or mortality (P = 0.42) with device therapy. Subgroup analyses showed that device closure significantly reduced the incidence of the composite primary end point among patients who had large shunt sizes (RR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.18-0.68, I2 = 27%, P = 0.002). The presence/absence of atrial septal aneurysm (P = 0.52) had no effect on the outcome. CONCLUSION: PFO closure is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of stroke compared to medical management. However, it causes an increased risk of atrial fibrillation.