Autogenous breast reconstruction for total mastectomies: a narrative review.

Background and Objective: Mastectomies have a significant socio-psychological impact, motivating patients to undergo breast reconstruction. Initially, silicone implants were used to reconstruct the breast. However, breast implants have been the subject of successive crises throughout the years. Indeed, rupture, silicone bleeding, and capsular contracture remain topical. In 2019, the BIOCELL textured breast implants was banned and recalled due to the discovery of the breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). More recently, the breast implant illness has been depicted in the media. To cope with these issues and to respond to some patients' expectations for a natural reconstruction, plastic surgeons have developed autogenous solutions for breast reconstruction. Since Taylor's research on angiosomes, the development of the microsurgery and more recently fat grafting, autogenous breast reconstruction has known a tremendous expansion. Autologous breast reconstruction allows a more natural feeling and texture. This narrative review aims to provide to the readers a comprehensive and updated evidence-based overview of state of the art about autologous breast reconstruction after total mastectomy. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of the literature searching for papers published between January 2010 and December 2022. The MeSH terms with different combinations were used to identify articles for inclusion. After screening article titles and abstracts independently by three authors, 66 papers were included in this review. Key Content and Findings: In this review, the authors describe and discuss the different autogenous techniques in breast reconstruction. Conclusions: Autologous reconstructions provide very satisfactory, durable, and reliable results with relatively low complication rates. Deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps, latissimus dorsi flaps and autologous fat grafting are the most common type of autogenous breast reconstructions.

Tips and tricks for end-to-side anastomosis arteriotomies.

Arteriotomy is a critical step during end-to-side anastomosis procedures. However, it is challenging to carry out because of the concentric lamellar structure of blood vessels and the need for clean margins. We performed a review of the literature to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the available arteriotomy methods. The techniques were classified into (1) single-cut or slit arteriotomy (longitudinal and transverse) or (2) excision arteriotomy. The latter techniques can be performed from either outside-in (excision with straight microscissors, curved microscissors, Acland-Banis arteriotomy clamp, micro-arteriotomy scissors, or triangular cutting scissors, and vaporization with Excimer(®) laser) or inside-out (excision with punch/micropunch). Microsurgeons have multiple arteriotomy methods at their disposal. By being familiar with these methods, they can select the most appropriate one for the situation at hand.

Long-term donor-site morbidity after vascularized free fibula flap harvesting: Clinical and gait analysis.

The aim of this study was to determine the clinical morbidity and changes in gait temporal spatial parameters after harvesting of a vascularized free fibula flap. This study included 11 patients (mean age: 52 ± 17 years) and 11 healthy controls (mean age: 50 ± 14 years). The patients were assessed between 5 and 104 months post surgery. The study consisted of a subjective functional evaluation with two validated clinical scores (Kitaoka Score and Point Evaluation System (PES) score), clinical and neurological examination of the legs, and evaluation of gait temporal spatial parameters while walking at a comfortable speed. The mean functional Kitaoka score was 78/100, and the mean PES score of 12.18 was considered average. At the time of the review, five patients had sensory disorders, two had toe deformities, and eight had pain at the donor site. The gait analysis showed that the patient's comfortable walking speed was significantly lower in comparison to that of the controls, and that stride length and cadence were reduced. In addition, most of the gait-specific parameters were significantly different. The donor leg displayed greater variability during walking. To reduce the risk of falling, this study revealed that the patients' gait pattern had changed as they took a more cautious approach during walking. Early rehabilitation is expected to help improve and/or restore the physical abilities of patients after harvesting of the vascularized free fibula flap.

Omentum Free Flap Anastomosed to Arterial Bypass in Open Knee Dislocation: Case Report and Discussion.

OBJECTIVE: To report on the original surgical management of a patient with severe trauma of both legs involving anastomosis of an omentum free flap with an emergency vascular bypass. METHODS: After stabilization of the knee with an external fixator, a femoral-tibial bypass graft was performed to revascularize the leg with the contralateral great saphenous vein. Ten days later, an omentum free flap was used with an end-to-side arterial anastomosis between the right gastroepiploic artery and bypass graft to cover the loss of leg substance. DISCUSSION: Anastomosis of a free flap with a single axis exposes the patient to risks of thrombosis and amputation. Lengthening of the arterial pedicle of the flap by venous graft or vascular loop might have allowed for avoidance of connection to the bypass. Nevertheless, the saphenous vein, generally used in these indications, was already harvested. The transitional anastomosis of the flap to the contralateral leg could not be considered because of the leg amputation. End-to-side anastomosis to the bypass presents many advantages: anastomosis with a healthy vessel without posttraumatic vascular disease, the superficial characteristics of the bypass, and lower incongruence of the thickness between the vessels compared with an anastomosis performed directly on the superficial femoral artery. CONCLUSION: A free flap anastomosed to an emergency arterial bypass is a rare situation, which is not without risk, but it is an option that is justified by its technical simplicity. However, it should only be considered in exceptional circumstances.

Leap Motion Gesture Control With Carestream Software in the Operating Room to Control Imaging: Installation Guide and Discussion.

Nowadays, routine cross-sectional imaging viewing during a surgical procedure requires physical contact with an interface (mouse or touch-sensitive screen). Such contact risks exposure to aseptic conditions and causes loss of time. Devices such as the recently introduced Leap Motion (Leap Motion Society, San Francisco, CA), which enables interaction with the computer without any physical contact, are of wide interest in the field of surgery, but configuration and ergonomics are key challenges for the practitioner, imaging software, and surgical environment. This article aims to suggest an easy configuration of Leap Motion on a PC for optimized use with Carestream Vue PACS v11.3.4 (Carestream Health, Inc, Rochester, NY) using a plug-in (to download at https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_F4eBeBQc3yNENvTXlnY09qS00&authuser=0) and a video tutorial (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVPTgxg-SIk). Videos of surgical procedure and discussion about innovative gesture control technology and its various configurations are provided in this article.

[Traps in tendon and joint injuries at hand level]. / Pièges des traumatismes ostéo-articulaires et tendineux de la main.

The patient with an injury of the hand has unfortunally not choose the type of injury, the time and the medical doctor; this patient is not sick but injuried. Even if this is an open or closed trauma, begnin or not, the patient is going to discover dressing, immobilisation and time to recover function with a "new hand" .... Hand injuries have shown their impact on global function in case of inadequate treatment. After hand trauma, finding the right diagnosis and choosing the right treatment depend on the capacity of avoiding the traps.

[PIP breast implants: a series of 217 explants]. / Protheses PIP: à propos de 217 cas d'explantation.

On 29 march 2010, the French authorities (Afssaps) issued a health alert concerning breast implants manufactured by the company Poly Implant Prothèse, because of a high rupture rate. Marketing authorization was suspended and the use of PIP breast implants was prohibited. In our hospital department, 630 patients had received these prostheses since 2001. We conducted a retrospective study of all patients who underwent explantation between May 2010 and January 2012, corresponding to 434 explanted prostheses and 217 patients, all operated on by the same surgeon. Median age was 42 years and the prostheses had been implanted an average of 4 years 7 months earlier. We found that 38 implants (8.7%) had ruptured, in 33 patients (15.2%). Five patients had bilateral rupture. Preoperative ultrasonography, performed in 166 patients, detected 30 ruptures that were confirmed at surgery, but missed a further 9 cases (8%). Biopsy samples of capsular tissue were obtained in 103 cases, revealing granulation tissue possibly due to silicone exposure in 33 cases, 22 of which were associated with intact implants. Surgical complications included three hematomas, with no infections. Despite the low false-negative rate of ultrasonography, we recommend systematic preventive explantation, owing to the risk of silicone impregnation of capsular tissue even in the absence of rupture.

Dermal equivalents in oncology: benefit of one-stage procedure.

BACKGROUND: In oncology, dermal equivalent may be indicated to cover losses of substance related to skin tumors or after the removal of skin flaps. OBJECTIVE: To report our experience of two dermal equivalents, Matriderm 1 mm with a one-stage graft (DE1) and Integra DL with a two-stage graft (DE2) in oncology. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Retrospective, single-center study involving 16 patients. RESULTS: Sixteen patients received dermal equivalents as an alternative to flaps (7 cases), over tendinous areas (7 cases), and for cosmetic purposes (2 cases). Twelve patients received DE1 and four DE2. Wound healing times with DE1 were 4 weeks less than those with DE2. Three cases of infection were noted with DE2. The use of dermal equivalents as an alternative to skin flaps was effective, and no adhesions were found over the tendinous areas. CONCLUSION: The learning curve, the two-stage graft required with DE2, and not using a vacuum-assisted closure system can explain the high infection rate. The use of dermal equivalents is particularly indicated in the treatment of skin defect in oncology. The possibility of a one-stage graft with DE1 and combination with negative pressure therapy is beneficial.

Preoperative imaging in the planning of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap surgery.

Breast reconstruction with adipocutaneous free flap from the abdominal wall combines the benefits of abdominoplasty to those of a prosthesis-free breast reconstruction. The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap is supplied by intramuscular perforators from the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA). It consists of the dissection of perforating branches of the DIEA within the rectus abdominis muscle, thus sparing both muscle and fascia. Preoperative imaging in the planning of DIEP flap surgery has been shown to facilitate faster and safer surgery. This review article aims to discuss advantages and drawbacks of current imaging modalities for mapping the course of perforating vessels in the planning of DIEP flap surgery, and to present state-of-the-art imaging techniques.

Extravasation of liposomal doxorubicin induces irritant reaction without vesicant injury.

Anthracycline extravasation is an uncommon but very serious complication. Very few data are available in the literature concerning the consequences and the management of extravasation of liposomal doxorubicin. This report describes the cases of two patients with liposomal doxorubicin extravasation who developed irritant reaction without vesicant or necrotic lesions. It is concordant with other cases described in the literature and suggests that extravasation of liposomal doxorubicin can be relatively well tolerated. The process applied to extravasations of irritant and non-vesicant agents could be used to manage extravasations of liposomal doxorubicin.

Efficacy of trabectedin in metastatic solitary fibrous tumor.

Solitary fibrous tumor is a rare tumor type and has an unpredictable course. Local recurrence rate varies between 9 and 19%, and rate of metastatic involvement between 0 and 36 %. It is characterized by a typical architecture and immuno-histochemistry tests. The most important prognostic factor is the complete resection of primary tumor. Treatment of recurrences is not clearly established. If a solitary fibrous tumor is too advanced to allow surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy may be used. The most often used drugs are doxorubicine and\or ifosfamide. We report the case of man with metastatic solitary fibrous tumor treated with trabectedin, administered at a dose of 1.5 mg/m² every 3 weeks. After 3 cycles, metastases had significantly decreased. Recurrence of the disease was demonstrated 8 months after the start of trabectedin. This case shows that trabectedin is a possible treatment option.