Lymphogranuloma venereum: an unusual cause of rectal stenosis.

Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV) is a notifiable disease linked to high-risk sexual practices such as cruising, chemsex, or orgies. The anorectal manifestation is associated with receptive anal sex and presents with characteristic symptoms such as proctitis, tenesmus, suppuration, and in advanced cases, anorectal fistulas or stenosis. The case of a 57-year-old man engaging in high-risk sexual practices is presented, showing symptoms such as discharge, fistulizations, rectal stenosis, and a weight loss of 15 kg. Following diagnostic studies, a neoplastic and inflammatory origin was ruled out, confirming the LGV diagnosis. Although the patient responded positively to a three-week course of doxycycline, the stenosis persisted, ultimately necessitating a terminal colostomy. The patient was scheduled to undergo a protectomy to control the inflammatory and infectious process, a procedure that took place months later without significant incidents. The primary treatment for LGV continues to be doxycycline. In cases of complications, such as fistulas, abscesses, or stenosis, surgical interventions, drainage, or pneumatic dilations may be necessary.

Prostate gland metastasis as a late relapse of rectal adenocarcinoma.

We present a case report of a 49 year old patient with a known history of rectal adenocarcinoma treated with extended abdominal perineal resection. After five the patient was diagnosed with metastases to the prostate gland. This case stands out not only due to the infrequency of an onset of a colorectal tumor in the prostatic gland but also the late onset of the tumor. In these cases the differential diagnosis between a metastatic tumor and a primary urologic tumor is difficult due to similar morphology and histology, making the CDX-2 immunohistochemical maker expression an important tool to define the histopathology of the tumor.

Obstructive jaundice secondary to a pseudoaneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery.

Superior mesenteric arteries pseudoaneurysms are rare entity, usually asymptomatic but they can appear as an abdominal pain, throbbing mass or shock, being jaundice an exceptional type of presentation. Diagnosis is made by imaging tests (CT) and currently the endovascular approach is the most widespread, reserving open surgery in selected cases. We describe the case of a patient with an 86mm SMA pseudoaneurysm with compression of the extrahepatic bile duct.

Outcomes after distal pancreatectomy for neuroendocrine neoplasms: a retrospective comparison between minimally invasive and open approach using propensity score weighting.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNEN) are ideal entities for minimally invasive surgery. The advantage of the laparoscopic approach in terms of complications, length of stay (LOS) and cosmetic results has been previously demonstrated. However, scarce data are available on long-term oncological outcomes. Aim of this study was to compare short-term postoperative outcomes, pathological findings and long-term oncological results of minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP) and open distal pancreatectomy (ODP) for PanNEN. METHODS: Patients who underwent ODP or MIDP for nonfunctioning PanNEN (NF-PanNEN) were retrospectively analyzed. Inverse probability of treatment weighting using propensity score was performed to compare the outcomes of MIDP and ODP. RESULTS: Overall, 124 patients were included in the study: 84 underwent OPD, whereas 40 were submitted to MIDP. The rate of high-grade postoperative complications was significantly lower in the MIDP group (p = 0.005, grade of complication with highest estimated probability 0 vs 2) and the postoperative LOS was significantly shorter after MIDP (p < 0.001, estimated days 8 versus 10). The number of examined lymph nodes (ELN) in the ODP group was significantly higher (p = 0.0036, estimated number of ELN 13 vs 10). Similar disease-free survival and overall survival were reported for the two groups (p = 0.234 and p = 0.666, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although MIDP for PanNEN seems to be associated with a lower number of ELN, long-term survival is not influenced by the type of surgical approach. MIDP is advantageous in terms of postoperative complications and LOS, but prospective studies are needed to confirm the overall oncological quality of resection in this group of neoplasms.

Carcinoma neuroendocrino rectal: Una neoplasia infrecuente / Neuroendocrine rectal carcinoma: An infrequent tumor

Resumen El carcinoma neuroendocrino (CNE) es una entidad infrecuente encontrándose usualmente al diagnóstico en estadios avanzados. El tratamiento suele ser combinado, quirúrgico junto a quimiorradioterapia. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 73 años estudiada por síndrome constitucional y rectorragias. Tras completar estudios fue diagnosticada de CNE rectal pobremente diferenciado a 5 cm del margen anal con adenopatías mesorrectales. Inicio quimioterapia de inducción con respuesta parcial y se realizó resección anterior de recto ultrabaja con anastomosis primaria e ileostomia en asa derivativa, con histología de CNE de células grandes pT2N0 Mx. Posteriormente recibió quimioterapia adyuvante. El CNE rectal es una neoplasia rara, presente entre la 4o-7o década de la vida y con sintomatología similar al adenocarcinoma colorrectal, siendo un tumor poco diferenciado y muy agresivo. El papel de la neo adyuvancia es fundamental dado que suele ser una enfermedad avanzada al diagnóstico, disminuye el tamaño del tumor primario y permite realizar posteriormente resecciones oncológicas.

Abstract Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NC) is an infrequent pathology that is usually found in the advanced stages. The treatment is surgery, and combined chemotherapy andradiotherapy. A 73-year old woman was being studied for constitutional syndrome and rectal bleeding. After which, she was diagnosed with a poorly differentiated rectal NC, 5 cm from de anal margin with mesorectal lymph nodes. Induction chemotheraphy was started with partial response. A low anterior resection of rectum was performed with primary anastomoses and diverting loop ileostomy. The histology result was a large-cell NC, staged as pT2N0 Mx. She then received adjuvant chemotherapy. Rectal NC is infrequent, and usually presents between the fourth and seventh decade of life. Its symptoms are similar to colorectal adenocarcinoma, but it has a lower grade of differentiation, and is more aggressive. Neoadjuvant treatment is essential as it usually a metastatic disease at diagnosis, and helps to decrease the tumor size, and allows oncological surgery to be performed later.