Black male, 19: Brazilian "criminal commando" and the breach of human rights / Homem negro, 19 anos: o "comando criminoso" brasileiro e a violação dos direitos humanos

Dental age estimation is a technical procedure performed to support Court decisions in cases of legal liability, clandestine migration, sexual abuse, and several other applications. This study reports a case of an undocumented individuals that was originally identified by the criminal legal system (without a previous civil identity). In his identity records, a name was given: "Black male, 19" ­ indicating his population affinity (African), sex (male) and age (19 years). His body was found decapitated and referred to the medicolegal institute. The dental examination highlighted the presence of a third molar in the very early stage (») of root formation. Age was estimated using five methods based on dental development (the methods of Schour and Massler [1941], Moorrees et al. [1963], Anderson et al. [1976], London Atlas [2010], and Blenkin and Taylor [2012]). All the methods indicated that the individual was a minor, within the range between 14.5 and 15.5 years. This study highlights the importance of assigning adequate personnel to technical tasks in the police/forensic routine in order to safeguard human rights

A estimativa da idade dentária é um procedimento técnico realizado para apoiar decisões judiciais em casos de responsabilidade legal, migração clandestina, abuso sexual e diversas outras aplicações. Este estudo relata o caso de um indivíduo indocumentado que foi originalmente identificado pelo sistema penal (sem identidade civil prévia). Nos seus registos de identidade foi atribuído um nome: "Homem negro, 19 anos" ­ indicando a sua afinidade populacional (africana), sexo (masculino) e idade (19 anos). Seu corpo foi encontrado decapitado e encaminhado a um Instituto Médico-legal. O exame odontológico evidenciou a presença de um terceiro molar em fase muito inicial (») de formação radicular. A idade foi estimada usando cinco métodos baseados no desenvolvimento dentário (os métodos de Schour e Massler [1941], Moorrees et al. [1963], Anderson et al. [1976], London Atlas [2010] e Blenkin e Taylor [2012]). Todos os métodos indicaram que o indivíduo era menor de idade, na faixa entre 14,5 e 15,5 anos. Este estudo destaca a importância de designar pessoal adequado para tarefas técnicas na rotina policial/forense, a fim de salvaguardar os direitos humanos

Bacterial keratitis in a tertiary hospital in São Paulo: a 21-year review of the epidemiological, laboratory, and clinical data.

Infectious keratitis is a sight-threatening condition that is usually an ocular emergency. The visual outcome depends on prompt and accurate clinical management as well as geographic and epidemiological awareness. We conducted a retrospective observational study to define the epidemiological and laboratory profile, as well as the clinical course of bacterial keratitis in a tertiary hospital in São Paulo over 21 years. Information about age, sex, predisposing factors, topical and surgical treatment, visual acuity, ulcers' classification, bacterioscopy, culture, and antibiotic sensitivity tests were collected. This study included 160 patients. The mean age was 65.1 ± 18.4 years and risk factors were identified in 83.1 % of the patients. Empirical topical fortified cephalosporin with an aminoglycoside or fourth-generation fluoroquinolone was curative for 66.2 % of the cases. The mean treatment duration was 22.5 ± 9 days. The mean variation of visual acuity was -0.25 logMAR, p < 0.001. Culture revealed 64 % of Gram-positive bacteria. All Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to cephalothin, vancomycin, and quinolones. All Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin. These findings reinforce the importance of prompt empirical treatment of severe corneal ulcers with a fortified cephalosporin and aminoglycoside or a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone as there are equally effective. Collected data was insufficient to evaluate resistance of ocular infections over time in this population.

Bacterial keratitis in a tertiary hospital in São Paulo: a 21-year review of the epidemiological, laboratory, and clinical data

ABSTRACT Infectious keratitis is a sight-threatening condition that is usually an ocular emergency. The visual outcome depends on prompt and accurate clinical management as well as geographic and epidemiological awareness. We conducted a retrospective observational study to define the epidemiological and laboratory profile, as well as the clinical course of bacterial keratitis in a tertiary hospital in São Paulo over 21 years. Information about age, sex, predisposing factors, topical and surgical treatment, visual acuity, ulcers' classification, bacterioscopy, culture, and antibiotic sensitivity tests were collected. This study included 160 patients. The mean age was 65.1 ± 18.4 years and risk factors were identified in 83.1 % of the patients. Empirical topical fortified cephalosporin with an aminoglycoside or fourth-generation fluoroquinolone was curative for 66.2 % of the cases. The mean treatment duration was 22.5 ± 9 days. The mean variation of visual acuity was −0.25 logMAR, p < 0.001. Culture revealed 64 % of Gram-positive bacteria. All Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to cephalothin, vancomycin, and quinolones. All Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin. These findings reinforce the importance of prompt empirical treatment of severe corneal ulcers with a fortified cephalosporin and aminoglycoside or a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone as there are equally effective. Collected data was insufficient to evaluate resistance of ocular infections over time in this population.

Vivências de pessoas colostomizadas- Revisão Integrativa / Experiences of colostomided people- Integrative Review / Experiencias de personas colostomizadas- Revisión integrativa

Objetivo: Analisar a qualidade de vida em relação ao uso da bolsa coletora em pessoas ostomizadas. Método: Este estudo teve como base uma abordagem qualitativa e método de revisão bibliográfica integrativa. Resultados: No presente estudo, foram analisados 22 (vinte e dois) artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Dos achados da pesquisa foram criadas 8 categorias. Conclusão: O estudo buscou uma maior conscientização sobre as necessidades das pessoas ostomizadas durante e após o uso da bolsa coletora, para que enfermeiros e familiares deem o suporte necessário, compreendendo os sentimentos que são despertados e como a situação afeta a vida de cada ostomizado.

Objective: To analyze the quality of life in relation to the use of the collection bag in ostomized people. Method: This study was based on a qualitative approach and an integrative literature review method. Results: In the present study, 22 (twenty-two) articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. From the research findings, 8 categories were created.Conclusion: The study sought greater awareness of the needs of ostomates during and after the use of the collection bag, so that nurses and family members provide the necessary support, understanding the feelings that are aroused and how the situation affects the life of each ostomate.

Objetivo: Analizar la calidad de vida en relación al uso de la bolsa colectora en ostomizados. Método: Este estudio se basó en un enfoque cualitativo y un método integrador de revisión de la literatura. Resultados: En el presente estudio se analizaron 22 (veintidós) artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. A partir de los resultados de la investigación, se crearon 8 categorías.Conclusión: El estudio buscó una mayor conciencia de las necesidades de los ostomizados durante y después del uso de la bolsa de recolección, para que los enfermeros y familiares brinden el apoyo necesario, comprendiendo los sentimientos que despiertan y cómo la situación afecta la vida de cada ostomizado

Urgências e emergências na atenção básica: visão da enfermagem / Emergencies and emergencies in primary care: nursing vision / Urgencias y emergencias en atención primaria: visión de enfermeira

Objetivo: Analisar a capacidade de atendimento de casos de Urgência e Emergência pelos enfermeiros da Atenção Básica do Guará/DF. Método: Abordagem qualitativa e método descritivo, de acordo com os pressupostos de Gil, no qual todos os dados utilizados foram adquiridos por meio de entrevista realizada nas UBS do Guará-DF com enfermeiros da equipe da ESF. Resultados: Foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas realizadas com 07 enfermeiros identificados neste estudo com indicadores alfanuméricos (E1 a E7) para salvaguardar a identificação dos mesmos. Conclusão: Esta pesquisa buscou entender como ocorre o atendimento aos casos de urgência e emergência na AB sob o ponto de vista do enfermeiro. Baseado nas informações coletadas considera-se que apesar existir demanda de urgência e emergência na AB, o treinamento dos profissionais e o fornecimento de infraestrutura básica não são realidade. O enfermeiro como sujeito principal neste cenário de tantas controvérsias, fica de fato instável e muito vulnerável em cada um dos atendimentos. Cabe ao SUS repensar onde de fato deve ser feito o serviço de atendimento de urgências e emergências, prover recursos humanos capacitados e caso decida que será também na UBS esse tipo de atendimento, deverá rever a estrutura física e recursos materiais para tal.

Objective: To analyze the ability to care for Urgency and Emergency cases by nurses from the Primary Care of Guará/DF.Method: Qualitative approach and descriptive method, according to Gil's assumptions, in which all the data used were acquired through an interview carried out in the UBS of Guará-DF with nurses from the FHS team.Results: They were obtained through interviews with 07 nurses identified in this study with alphanumeric indicators (E1 to E7) to safeguard their identification. Conclusion: This research sought to understand how urgent and emergency care occurs in AB from the nurse's point of view. Based on the information collected, it is considered that although there is a demand for urgency and emergency in PC, the training of professionals and the provision of basic infrastructure are not reality. The nurse, as the main subject in this scenario of so many controversies, is in fact unstable and very vulnerable in each of the consultations. It is up to the SUS to rethink where the urgent and emergency service should actually be provided, provide trained human resources and if it decides that this type of service will also be provided at the UBS, it should review the physical structure and material resources for this.

Objetivo: Analizar la capacidad de atención a los casos de Urgencia y Emergencia de los enfermeros de la Atención Primaria de Guará/DF.Método: Enfoque cualitativo y método descriptivo, según los supuestos de Gil, en el que todos los datos utilizados fueron adquiridos a través de una entrevista realizada en la UBS de Guará-DF con enfermeros del equipo de la ESF.Resultados:Fueron obtenidos a través de entrevistas con 07 enfermeros identificados en este estudio con indicadores alfanuméricos (E1 a E7) para salvaguardar su identificación.Conclusión: Esta investigación buscó comprender cómo ocurre la atención de urgencia y emergencia en AB desde el punto de vista del enfermero. Con base en la información recabada, se considera que si bien existe una demanda de urgencia y emergencia en AP, la formación de profesionales y la dotación de infraestructura básica no son una realidad. El enfermero, como sujeto principal en este escenario de tantas controversias, es en realidad inestable y muy vulnerable en cada una de las consultas. Corresponde al SUS repensar dónde realmente debe prestarse el servicio de urgencia y emergencia, dotar de recursos humanos capacitados y si decide que ese tipo de servicio también será prestado en la UBS, debe revisar la estructura física y los recursos materiales para este.

Picking up the threads: Comparative osteology and associated cartilaginous elements for members of the genus Trilepida Hedges, 2011 (Serpentes, Leptotyphlopidae) with new insights on the Epictinae systematics.

The threadsnakes of the family Leptotyphlopidae have been historically neglected in terms of their natural history, ecology, systematics, and morphology. Given the relevance of morphological data for resolving systematic, evolutionary, and functional issues, we aimed to provide a detailed comparative description of osteology and associated cartilaginous elements for members of the genus Trilepida. Data were obtained through high-resolution computed tomography images, cleared and stained specimens, and radiography images of a total of 47 specimens and 12 species. Both cranial and axial osteology characters exhibited a relevant degree of intraspecific variation regarding qualitative and quantitative data associated with skull and vertebrae foramina and the shape of bony sutures and processes. The high representativeness of examined species and specimens allows us to provide a comprehensive discussion on the inter- and intraspecific osteological variation, as well as a compelling osteological diagnosis for the entire genus. Trilepida spp. differ from all Epictinae by the presence of the following combination of characters: paired nasals, fused supraoccipitals (distinct from parietal, prootics, and otooccipitals), a single (fused) parietal without a dorsal fontanelle, and the basioccipital participating in the foramen magnum (except in Trilepida nicefori). Our results reinforce the need for integration of detailed anatomical traits to usually conserved external morphological data to provide accurate diagnostic features for Epictinae. In addition, new phylogenetic hypotheses or even taxonomic re-allocations may broadly benefit from these detailed comparative studies.

Evolutionary treasures hidden in the West Indies: Comparative osteology and visceral morphology reveals intricate miniaturization in the insular genera Mitophis Hedges, Adalsteinsson, & Branch, 2009 and Tetracheilostoma Jan, 1861 (Leptotyphlopidae: Epictinae: Tetracheilostomina).

The genera Mitophis and Tetracheilostoma comprise two extant lineages of small-sized threadsnakes that exclusively inhabit several islands of the West Indies. Even though leptotyphlopids are known for their extremely reduced size, miniaturization has only been hypothesized to reflect insular dwarfism for the genus Tetracheilostoma. Herein, we aim to describe the comparative osteology and visceral morphology of both genera, investigating and discussing their several internal morphological simplifications and novelties. Our results indicate that these taxa exhibit several autapomorphies mostly concentrated in the dorsoposterior skull elements and maxillae, as well as in their axial skeleton and viscera. These novelties and simplifications are most likely a result of extreme miniaturization driven by the evolutionary constraints or ecological opportunities possibly imposed by the "island rule." Both Mitophis and Tetracheilostoma distinguish from all other Epictinae in lacking a dentigerous process in the maxillae, by having the prootic fused to the otooccipital, and by the lack (except in comparison to a few Epictia) of a cervical vertebrae intercentrum I. Additionally, Mitophis can be distinguished from other Epictinae by the participation of the unpaired supraoccipital in the dorsal border of the foramen magnum, by the absence of the pleurapophyses in the caudal vertebrae, by a higher number of liver segments, and by the extreme degeneration of the pelvic rudiments. Tetracheilostoma differs from other Epictinae by lacking a distinct supraoccipital, which is fused to the parietal. Thus, our results reinforce that morphological characters are extremely valuable for leptotyphlopid systematics given their extremely conserved external morphology.

Osteology of the enigmatic threadsnake species Epictia unicolor and Trilepida guayaquilensis (Serpentes, Leptotyphlopidae) with generic insights.

Since the rearrangement of all leptotyphlopid species previously known as "Leptotyphlops" in Adalsteinsson et al. (2009)'s paper, several taxa have remained untested regarding their generic identity and have been assigned to different genera based on phenotypic data or, in some cases, without any clear justification. Most of the difficulties in assigning some leptotyphlopid taxa are due to their conserved external morphology, summed with a relatively small number of available specimens, which complicate the recognition of a unique combination of characters for their reasonable generic allocation. On the other hand, recent osteological studies-especially those on the skull-provide relevant data combinations for species assignment and even for the recognition of new genera. In this work, we have attempted to determine the generic allocation of Epictia unicolor and Trilepida guayaquilensis-both species currently known only by their holotype-based on a detailed description of cranial and post-cranial osteology. We confirm the assignment of E. unicolor to the genus Epictia despite the divergent configuration of cephalic shields. Based mainly on data from the skull, suspensorium, and cervical vertebrae but supported by external morphology as well as a redescription of the holotype, we propose the assignment of Trilepida guayaquilensis to the genus Epictia. This study provides not only detailed data on the osteology of Epictia, but also a first approach to the putative combination of osteological characters for the genus.

Moving beyond the surface: Comparative head and neck myology of threadsnakes (Epictinae, Leptotyphlopidae, Serpentes), with comments on the 'scolecophidian' muscular system.

Studies on the cephalic myology of snakes provide a series of relevant data on their biology and systematics. Despite the great amount of descriptive studies currently available for the group, much of the knowledge remains obscure for most scolecophidian taxa. This study aimed to describe in detail the cephalic (head and neck) myology of members of the tribe Epictinae, Leptotyphlopidae. We provide the first report of the presence of extrinsic ocular muscles, and a double Musculus pterygoideus acessorius in Leptotyphlopidae. A well-developed M. levator anguli oris is exclusive to the subtribes Renina and Epictina, being reduced in Tetracheilostomina species. Both inter- and intraspecific variations are reported for the head and neck muscles, and such results provide additional data and raise an interesting discussion on the neck-trunk boundaries in snakes. We also provide a discussion on the terminology of a few head muscles in Leptoyphlopidae in comparison to the other lineages of ´Scolecophidia´ (Anomalepididae and Typhlopoidea).

Neuropatia periférica em pessoas com mieloma múltiplo / Neuropatía periférica en personas con mieloma múltiple / Peripheral neuropathy in people with multiple myeloma

Resumo Objetivo Investigar a prevalência e incidência de neuropatia periférica relacionada ao tratamento com antineoplásicos de pessoas com mieloma múltiplo bem como a associação entre os esquemas quimioterápicos e a neuropatia periférica após o tratamento. Método Estudo documental, correlacional, realizado em dois locais de referência para tratamento oncológico, localizados nos estados do Ceará e Minas Gerais, com análise de pacientes atendidos entre janeiro/2013 e janeiro/2016. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se análise descritiva e inferencial a partir dos testes qui-quadrado e exato de fisher. Resultados Foram avaliados 100 prontuários de pessoas com mieloma múltiplo com média de idade de 62,7 anos, maioria de homens (64%). O esquema quimioterápico mais utilizado (60%) foi o bortezomibe, dexametasona e ciclofosfamida; 20% dos pacientes apresentavam neuropatia periférica antes do tratamento, 68% desenvolveram durante o tratamento e 56% ao finalizar o tratamento. Não houve associação entre os esquemas quimioterápicos e a neuropatia periférica após o tratamento. Conclusão O presente estudo mostrou um aumento da incidência de NP em indivíduos em tratamento para o MM, 80% apresentaram sintomas de neuropatia antes e/ou durante e/ou após o tratamento com esquemas quimioterápicos. A predominância foi de homens idosos aposentados. O esquema quimioterápico mais utilizado foi o VDC e não foi identificada associação entre os esquemas utilizados e a NP após término o tratamento. As implicações dessas observações recaem sobre a necessidade de avaliação contínua da NP em pessoas com MM, além da monitorização rigorosa desse evento no decorrer do tratamento e após o mesmo, bem como o manejo dos eventos adversos e alterações relacionadas a doença. Não houve associação entre os esquemas quimioterápicos e a neuropatia periférica após o tratamento. Espera-se que os resultados obtidos auxiliem na organização de um registro de dados sobre NP em pacientes com câncer, com o objetivo principal de determinar alvos de intervenção, tornando o cuidado mais eficiente e integral.

Resumen Objetivo investigar la prevalencia e incidencia de la neuropatía periférica relacionada al tratamiento con antineoplásicos de personas con mieloma múltiple, así como la asociación entre los regímenes de quimioterapia y neuropatía periférica después de tratamiento. Método Estudio documental, correlativo, realizado en dos puntos de referencia para el tratamiento del cáncer, los cuales se encuentran en los estados de Ceará y Minas Gerais, con análisis de pacientes tratados entre enero / 2013 y enero / 2016. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el análisis descriptivo e inferencial a partir de las pruebas qui-cuadrado y exacto de Fisher. Resultados Fueron evaluados 100 expedientes de personas con mieloma múltiple con una edad media de 62,7 años, siendo la mayoría hombres (64%). El esquema quimioterápico más utilizado (60%) fue el bortezomib, dexametasona y ciclofosfamida; el 20% de los pacientes presentaban neuropatía periférica antes del tratamiento, el 68% la desarrolló durante el tratamiento y el 56% al finalizar el tratamiento. No hubo asociación entre los esquemas quimioterápicos y la neuropatía periférica después del tratamiento. Conclusión Este estudio mostró una mayor incidencia de NP en individuos que reciben tratamiento para MM, el 80% presentó síntomas de neuropatía antes y / o durante y / o después del tratamiento con regímenes de quimioterapia. La predominancia fue de hombres ancianos jubilados. El esquema quimioterápico más utilizado fue el VDC y no se identificó asociación entre los esquemas utilizados y la NP después de terminar el tratamiento. Las implicaciones de estas observaciones recaen sobre la necesidad de evaluación continua de la NP en personas con MM, además del monitoreo riguroso de dicho evento durante el tratamiento y después del mismo, así como el manejo de los eventos adversos y alteraciones relacionadas con la enfermedad. No hubo asociación entre los esquemas quimioterápicos y la neuropatía periférica después del tratamiento. Se espera que los resultados obtenidos ayuden en la organización de un registro de datos sobre NP en pacientes con cáncer, con el objetivo principal de determinar metas de intervención, obteniendo una atención más eficiente e integral.

Abstract Objective To investigate the prevalence and incidence of peripheral neuropathy (PN) related to antineoplastic therapy in people with multiple myeloma and the association between chemotherapy regimens and peripheral neuropathy after treatment. Method This is a documentary and correlational study carried out in two reference sites for cancer treatment, located in the Brazilian states of Ceará and Minas Gerais, with an analysis of patients treated between January 2013 and January 2016. A descriptive and inferential analysis of data was carried out by means of chi-square and Fischer's exact tests. Results The study assessed 100 medical records of people with multiple myeloma, who were aged 62.7 years on average and were mostly men (64%). The most used chemotherapy regimen (60%) was bortezomib, dexamethasone, and cyclophosphamide; 20% of patients had peripheral neuropathy before treatment, 68% had it during treatment and 56% at the end of treatment. There was no association between chemotherapy regimens and peripheral neuropathy after treatment. Conclusion Our study showed an increase in the incidence of PN in individuals undergoing treatment of multiple myeloma, 80% had symptoms of neuropathy before and/or during and/or after treatment with chemotherapy regimens. Predominance was of elderly retired men. The most common chemotherapy regimen was bortezomib/dexamethasone/cyclophosphamide and there was no association between regimens used and PN after treatment. The implications of these observations rest on the need for a permanent assessment of PN in people with multiple myeloma, in addition to a strict follow-up to this event in the course of treatment and after it, as well as the management of adverse events and alterations related to the disease. There was no association between chemotherapy regimens and peripheral neuropathy after treatment. It is expected that the results obtained help in the organization of a data record about PN in patients with cancer, with the main purpose of establishing targets of intervention, thus making care more efficient and comprehensive.

Measurement of physical performance by field tests in programs of cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. / Medida do desempenho físico por testes de campo em programas de reabilitação cardiovascular: revisão sistemática e meta­análise.

INTRODUCTION: The literature concerning the effects of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on field tests results is inconsistent. PURPOSE: To perform a systematic review with meta-analysis on field tests results after programs of CR. METHODS: Studies published in PubMed and Web of Science databases until May 2016 were analyzed. The standard difference in means correct by bias (Hedges' g) was used as effect size (g) to measure que amount of modifications in performance of field tests after CR period. Potential differences between subgroups were analyzed by Q-test based on ANOVA. RESULTS: Fifteen studies published between 1996 e 2016 were included in the review, 932 patients and age ranged 54,4 - 75,3 years old. Fourteen studies used the six-minutes walking test to evaluate the exercise capacity and one study used the Shuttle Walk Test. The random Hedges's g was 0.617 (P<0.001), representing a drop of 20% in the performance of field test after CR. The meta-regression showed significantly association (P=0.01) to aerobic exercise duration, i.e., for each 1-min increase in aerobic exercise duration, there is a 0.02 increase in effect size for performance in the field test. CONCLUSION: Field tests can detect physical modification after CR, and the large duration of aerobic exercise during CR was associated with a better result.

Acute resistance exercise with blood flow restriction in elderly hypertensive women: haemodynamic, rating of perceived exertion and blood lactate.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare haemodynamic, rating of perceived exertion and blood lactate responses during resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) compared with traditional high-intensity resistance exercise in hypertensive older women. METHODS: Eighteen hypertensive women (age = 67·0 ± 1·7 years.) undertook three random sessions: (i) three sets; 10 repetitions; 20% of one repetition maximum (1RM) with BFR; (ii) three sets; 10 repetitions; 65% of 1RM; without BFR; and (iii) no-exercise with BFR. The exercise sessions were performed on knee extension equipment. RESULTS: Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) were significantly higher (P<0·05) in all sets of exercise sessions than the control. No statistically significant differences were detected between exercise sessions. However, SBP, DBP and systemic vascular resistance were higher (P<0·05) and SV and CO were lower (P<0·05) during the rest intervals in the session with BFR. The perceived exertion was significantly higher (P<0·01) in the 1st (4·8 ± 0·4 versus 3·1 ± 0·3), 2nd (7·3 ± 0·4 versus 5·7 ± 0·4) and 3rd sets (8·6 ± 0·5 versus 7·5 ± 0·4) of the traditional high-intensity resistance exercise compared with the exercise with BFR. Blood lactate was higher (P<0·05) in the traditional high-intensity resistance exercise (6·2 ± 0·7 mmol) than in the exercise with BFR (4·5 ± 0·4 mmol). CONCLUSION: In comparison with high-intensity resistance exercise, low-intensity resistance exercise with BFR can elicit: (i) same haemodynamic values during exercise; (ii) lower rating of perceived exertion; (iii) lower blood lactate; (iv) higher haemodynamic demand during the rest intervals.

Synthesis of Novel Glycerol-Derived 1,2,3-Triazoles and Evaluation of Their Fungicide, Phytotoxic and Cytotoxic Activities.

The synthesis of a series of 1,2,3-triazoles using glycerol as starting material is described. The key step in the preparation of these triazolic derivatives is the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), also known as click reaction, between 4-(azidomethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane (3) and different terminal alkynes. The eight prepared derivatives were evaluated with regard to their fungicide, phytotoxic and cytotoxic activities. The fungicidal activity was assessed in vitro against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the causative agent of papaya anthracnose. It was found that the compounds 1-(1-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-cyclo-hexanol (4g) and 2-(1-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)propan-2-ol (4h) demonstrated high efficiency in controlling C. gloeosporioides when compared to the commercial fungicide tebuconazole. The triazoles did not present any phytotoxic effect when evaluated against Lactuca sativa. However, five derivatives were mitodepressive, inducing cell death detected by the presence of condensed nuclei and acted as aneugenic agents in the cell cycle of L. sativa. It is believed that glycerol derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole functionalities may represent a promising scaffold to be explored for the development of new agents to control C. gloeosporioides.

Morphological variation of Trilepida macrolepis (Peters 1857), with reappraisal of the taxonomic status of Rena affinis (Boulenger 1884) (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae: Epictinae).

We report on the morphological variation (meristic, morphometric, pholidosis, and color pattern characters) and sexual dimorphism of Trilepida macrolepis. We also took the opportunity to redescribe the holotype of Rena affinis in an effort to evaluate its taxonomic status. Based on the congruence of characters from external morphology, we transfer Stenostoma affine to the genus Trilepida. We also discuss the Andean specimens previously refereed to Trilepida affinis and Trilepida macrolepis and provide an identification key for the genus Trilepida.

Sweet's syndrome associated with Crohn's disease.

Sweet's syndrome is an uncommon benign skin disorder, whose pathogenesis remains unknown. Its classic form is more common in women and presents itself as papular-nodular, painful and erythematous or violaceous lesions. It mainly affects the face, neck, and upper limbs. Fever and neutrophilic leukocytosis are also common features. Although it is considered a systemic disease marker in more than half of patients, the association of this condition with Crohn's disease is rare, with few cases reported in the literature, of which, none in Brazil. We report the case of a patient with Crohn's disease who developed the classical features of Sweet's syndrome.

Sweet's syndrome associated with Crohn's disease

Abstract: Sweet's syndrome is an uncommon benign skin disorder, whose pathogenesis remains unknown. Its classic form is more common in women and presents itself as papular-nodular, painful and erythematous or violaceous lesions. It mainly affects the face, neck, and upper limbs. Fever and neutrophilic leukocytosis are also common features. Although it is considered a systemic disease marker in more than half of patients, the association of this condition with Crohn's disease is rare, with few cases reported in the literature, of which, none in Brazil. We report the case of a patient with Crohn's disease who developed the classical features of Sweet's syndrome.

Angioqueratomas de fordyce múltiplos de vulva associados à cirrose hepática.

Fordyce angiokeratoma is a benign skin neoplasm, characterized by erythematous-violet keratotic papules with mamillated surface, which follows a chronic and minimally symptomatic course. However, symptoms can be related such as itching, burning, bleeding, dyspareunia; aesthetic and social concerns may prompt request for treatment. The condition mainly affects men and usually occurs in the scrotum, but rarely may occur in women. A 30-year-old woman with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension is described. Over a period of two years she developed multiple angiokeratomas of the vulva, complicated by frequent bleeding. Histopathologic analysis of the lesion confirmed the diagnosis of angiokeratoma and all lesions were surgically removed. The results of the treatment were very satisfactory, with no relapses or complications.Angioqueratoma de Fordyce é uma dermatose incomum que compõe o grupo das neoplasias cutâneas benignas, caracterizando-se pelo aparecimento de lesões papuloceratósicas, eritemato-violáceas de superfície mamilonada, que apresentam curso crônico e oligossintomático. No entanto, outros sintomas podem estar associados, como prurido, ardência, sangramento e dispareunia, além de problemas estéticos e de ordem social. Afeta principalmente homens, acometendo a região escrotal, sendo raro seu surgimento em mulheres. Relata-se caso de uma paciente com 30 anos de idade, portadora de cirrose hepática e hipertensão portal evoluindo há 2 anos com múltiplos angioqueratomas na vulva de sangramento frequente. A análise histopatológica confirmou o diagnóstico de angioqueratoma e a paciente foi submetida à exérese cirúrgica das lesões. Os resultados terapêuticos foram satisfatórios, sem recidivas ou complicações.

Lesões vesiculares e prurido intenso em paciente com sífilis secundária:manifestação clínica atípica.

Syphilis is an infectious disease with mucocutaneous lesions that are characteristic of their stage (primary, secondary, or tertiary). These are not always typical and may have other morphologies and unusual symptoms, making diagnosis difficult. The report herein is of a healthy woman with vesicular lesions associated with intense itching.  The diagnosis of secondary syphilis was confirmed with VDRL 1/512 and FTA Abs positive.  Histopathology showed spongiosis in the epidermis and infiltrated lymphocytes and plasma cell in the dermis.  Clinical improvement occurred after the first dose of benzathine penicillin. In the literature, few cases of vesicular lesions in syphilis have been found and itching is mentioned as uncharacteristic . Histology showing spongiosis is also unusual.

Morphological variation in the Brazilian Radiated Swamp Turtle Acanthochelys radiolata (Mikan, 1820) (Testudines: Chelidae).

The freshwater turtle Acanthochelys radiolata (Mikan, 1820) is endemic to the Atlantic Forest domain in Brazil and few studies have been done on the morphology, geographic variation and taxonomy of this species. In this paper we record the morphological variation, as well as sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic changes in A. radiolata throughout its distribution range. We analyzed 118 morphological characters from 41 specimens, both quantitative and qualitative, and performed statistical analyses to evaluate size and shape variation within our sample. Morphological analysis revealed that A. radiolata is a polymorphic species, especially regarding color and shape. Two color patterns were recognized for the carapace and three for the plastron. Diagnostic characteristics of the species, such as the rounded tubercles on the neck and the shallow dorsal sulcus between the 2nd and 4th vertebral scutes, varied considerably. Acanthochelys radiolata also showed a high level of ontogenetic variation characterized by a change on the color pattern of plastron and limbs starting from the 4th month of life. Sexual size dimorphism was observed for the first time on nine morphometric variables and females showed larger sizes than males. Based on these results we conclude that A. radiolata represents one single polymorphic species distributed in the lowlands of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest from the state of Alagoas to the state of Rio de Janeiro and the south of Minas Gerais state.

Haemodynamic responses during resistance exercise with blood flow restriction in hypertensive subjects.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare haemodynamic responses during resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) in hypertensive women. METHODS: Twelve hypertensive women undertook three random experimental sessions in the leg-press exercise: (i) Three sets, eight repetitions, 20% of one-repetition maximum (1 RM), with BFR; (ii) Three sets, 15 repetitions, 65% of 1 RM, without BFR; and (iii) three sets, 15 repetitions, 20% of 1 RM, without BFR. The BFR was performed using two sphygmomanometers adjusted to fit both thighs. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were measured on a beat-to-beat continuous basis. RESULTS: When compared to the 20% without BFR, the session with BFR presented increased values in all sets for the variables SBP, DBP, CO and SVR, and in the 2nd and 3rd sets for HR. The session with BFR also presented increased values compared to the 65% of 1 RM in the 2nd and 3rd sets for the variables SBP, DBP and HR and in all sets for the variables CO and SVR. CONCLUSION: Low-intensity resistance exercise with BFR can initiate higher haemodynamic and cardiovascular values than traditional high-intensity resistance exercises in hypertensive women.