A Novel Single Vector Intersectional AAV Strategy for Interrogating Cellular Diversity and Brain Function.

As the discovery of cellular diversity in the brain accelerates, so does the need for functional tools that target cells based on multiple features, such as gene expression and projection target. By selectively driving recombinase expression in a feature-specific manner, one can utilize intersectional strategies to conditionally promote payload expression only where multiple features overlap. We developed Conditional Viral Expression by Ribozyme Guided Degradation (ConVERGD), a single-construct intersectional targeting strategy that combines a self-cleaving ribozyme with traditional FLEx switches. ConVERGD offers benefits over existing platforms, such as expanded intersectionality, the ability to accommodate larger and more complex payloads, and a vector design that is easily modified to better facilitate rapid toolkit expansion. To demonstrate its utility for interrogating neural circuitry, we employed ConVERGD to target an unexplored subpopulation of norepinephrine (NE)-producing neurons within the rodent locus coeruleus (LC) identified via single-cell transcriptomic profiling to co-express the stress-related endogenous opioid gene prodynorphin (Pdyn). These studies showcase ConVERGD as a versatile tool for targeting diverse cell types and reveal Pdyn-expressing NE+ LC neurons as a small neuronal subpopulation capable of driving anxiogenic behavioral responses in rodents.

How effective are ACF-funded couple relationship education programs? A meta-analytic study.

Since 2006, the U.S. Administration for Children and Families (ACF) has allocated $1.2 billion to a Healthy Marriage and Relationship Education (HMRE) policy initiative that provides grants to community organizations to support relationship education (RE) services for lower income couples and individuals. The policy aim was to help disadvantaged couples and individuals form and sustain healthy, stable relationships and marriages. A significant body of research on the effectiveness of these programs has now accumulated. This meta-analytic study reviews all evaluation research reports of adult couple relationship education (CRE) programs supported by the ACF policy initiative to examine their impact on an array of couple, family, and individual well-being outcomes. Overall, our review of 32 control-group studies found a range of small but significant effects for couple relationship quality (d = .114), relationship skills (d = .132), mental health (d = .074), and coparenting (d = .033), but non-significant effects for relationship stability, parenting, and child well-being. Supplemental analyses with 19 1-group/pre-post studies showed larger effects. Planned moderator analyses explored significant heterogeneity in most effects, however, revealing interesting implications for practice and research going forward.

Desde 2006, la Administración para los Niños y las Familias (Administration for Children and Families, ACF) de los Estados Unidos ha destinado $1.2 mil millones a una iniciativa de una política de Capacitación en Relaciones y Matrimonios Saludables (Healthy Marriage and Relationship Education, HMRE) que ofrece subvenciones a organizaciones comunitarias con el objetivo de financiar servicios de capacitación en relaciones para parejas y personas de bajos recursos. El objetivo de la política es ayudar a las parejas y a las personas desfavorecidas a formar y mantener relaciones y matrimonios estables y saludables. Actualmente se ha acumulado un número considerable de investigaciones sobre la eficacia de estos programas. En este estudio metaanalítico se analizan todos los informes de evaluaciones de investigaciones sobre programas de capacitación en relaciones de parejas adultas financiados por la iniciativa de políticas de la ACF con el fin de estudiar su efecto en diversos resultados de bienestar en las parejas, las familias y las personas particulares. En general, en nuestro análisis de 32 estudios de grupos de referencia se hallaron distintos efectos pequeños pero significativos para la calidad de la relación de pareja (d = .114), las habilidades relacionales (d = .132), la salud mental (d = .074), y la cocrianza (d = .033), y efectos no significativos para la estabilidad relacional, la crianza y el bienestar de los niños. Los análisis complementarios con 19 estudios previos y posteriores de un grupo demostraron efectos más importantes. Sin embargo, los análisis planificados de moderadores analizaron la heterogeneidad significativa en la mayoría de los efectos y revelaron consecuencias interesantes para la práctica y la investigación en el futuro.

How Do Parents Teach "No Means No"? An Exploration of How Sexual Consent Beliefs Are Socialized During Adolescence.

Research on sexual consent has increased in recent years, but we know almost nothing about how beliefs about consent are socialized during adolescence, which likely has important implications for behaviors related to obtaining sexual consent. The current study explored the frequency of parent-adolescent consent communication, as well as demographic, adolescent, and parent predictors of adolescents' beliefs about the importance of consent and the frequency of parent-adolescent consent communication. Two national samples were used, one consisting of 2,044 adolescents, ages 13 to 18 (M age = 16.19, SD = 1.71; 50% female), and a second sample of 2,081 nonrelated individuals, ages 28 to 81, who were parents of teens ages 13-18 (M age = 15.25, SD = 1.56). Findings suggested that parents did not talk about sexual consent any more than they did about other sexual topics (e.g., reproduction). We also found that maternal warmth was positively associated with adolescents' importance of consent beliefs and that adolescents' uninhibited temperament and parents' self-efficacy and sexual beliefs were associated with parent-adolescent consent communication. The discussion focuses on the need to educate parents so they feel more confident talking to adolescents about the importance of giving and receiving sexual consent.