Reclaim and Valorization of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) By-Product: Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Characterization.

The by-product resulting from the production of the sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) juice may be a functional food ingredient, being a valuable source of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, minerals, and fatty acids. For checking this hypothesis, two extracts were obtained by two different methods using 50% ethyl alcohol solvent, namely through maceration-recirculation (E-SBM) and through ultrasound extraction (E-SBUS), followed by concentration. Next, sea-buckthorn waste (SB sample), extracts (E-SBM and E-SBUS samples) and the residues obtained from the extractions (R-SBM and R-SBUS samples) were characterized for the total polyphenols, flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, mineral contents, and fatty acids profile. The results show that polyphenols and flavonoids were extracted better by the ultrasound process than the other methods. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of the E-SBUS sample was 91% higher (expressed in Trolox equivalents) and approximately 45% higher (expressed in Fe2+ equivalents) than that of the E-SBM sample. Regarding the extraction of minerals, it was found that both concentrated extracts had almost 25% of the RDI value of K and Mg, and also that the content of Zn, Mn, and Fe is significant. Additionally, it was found that the residues (R-SBM and R-SBUS) contain important quantities of Zn, Cu, Mn, Ca, and Fe. The general conclusion is that using the ultrasound extraction method, followed by a process of concentrating the extract, a superior recovery of sea-buckthorn by-product resulting from the juice extraction can be achieved.

[New therapeutics]. / Nouvelles thérapeutiques.

Daily medical practice triggers reflexes in the use of drugs which must nevertheless always be adapted to new knowledge. Physician assistants and residents in the clinical ward of Internal Medicine of Sion Hospital summarize six recently published clinical treatments to which primary care physicians or in hospital-based internal medicine have to pay a particular attention. Quinolones are widely used but associated with QT interval widening, morphine delays and attenuate ticagrelor action in patients with myocardial infarction, evolocumab, a monoclonal antibody impact in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events, impact of statins on influenza vaccine effectiveness, vitamin D treatment for the prevention of functional decline, high dose dexamethasone for the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia.

La pratique médicale quotidienne suscite des réflexes dans l'utilisation de médicaments qui doivent sans cesse être adaptés aux nouvelles connaissances. Les médecins du Service de médecine interne de Sion résument six publications sur des traitements auxquels le praticien ambulatoire ou hospitalier doit porter une attention particulière. L'effet des quinolones sur l'intervalle QT, l'administration concomitante de morphine et de ticagrélor en cas de syndrome coronarien aigu, la place d'un anticorps monoclonal pour abaisser le taux de cholestérol, l'impact des statines sur l'efficacité vaccinale, la rôle de la vitamine D à haute dose pour ralentir le déclin de la performance physique, le stéroïde de choix en cas de thrombopénie auto-immune.

Gender differences in pain modulation by diffuse noxious inhibitory controls: a systematic review.

Over the last decade, extensive research has demonstrated sex differences in pain perception and modulation. Several factors have been proposed to account for the differences observed between men and women, including pain modulation through diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC). Studies investigating sex differences in DNIC have shown mixed results, with some reporting decreased DNIC effect in women compared with men, while others found no difference in DNIC between the sexes. Additional studies have investigated DNIC in both sexes without focusing on sex differences. This systematic review aimed to answer the following question: "In humans of reproductive age without chronic pain, are women more likely than men to have decreased Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Controls?" Relevant studies were identified by computerized searches of Pubmed/Medline, Embase, Biosis, Web of Science, PsycInfo and Cochrane (from January 1980 through February 2009). The search was limited to human studies with no language restriction. The initial search identified 718 titles and abstracts. Seventeen studies were included in the final stage and data regarding age and gender of participants, methodology and outcome measurements were extracted and analyzed. The majority of studies using pain report as the outcome found significantly more efficient DNIC in males than females (mean female/male ratio=0.54). Studies evaluating pain thresholds and nociceptive flexion reflex indicated the opposite when simply averaged across studies; however, weighted analyses of threshold found more efficient DNIC in males. Gender differences in DNIC effect depend on both the experimental methodology and the modes of measurement of the effect.