Xenon-Induced Effects in Relieving Experimental Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

The effects of inhalations of an oxygen-xenon (70%/30%) mixture were studied in two models of acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by intratracheal administration of 0.5 mg/kg LPS or 0.04 ml acidin-pepsin (pH 1.2). Inhalation of the oxygen-xenon mixture inhibited the development and reduced the intensity of the inflammatory process in the lung tissue, which was assessed by the dynamics of lung weight and body weight of animals: the therapeutic exposure decreased both parameters. It was found that the thrombogenic stimulus, pathognomonic for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, decreased under the effect of oxygen-xenon inhalations, while the level of natural anticoagulant antithrombin III increased.

Joint Task Force Core Competency Framework Adoption Process at a National Level: A Survey of Ukrainian-Based Clinical Research Professionals.

BACKGROUND: The need to define core competencies for clinical research professionals has been widely recognized. And after the Joint Task Force have proposed Core Competency Framework in 2014 (Sonstein et al. in JAMA 28(3):17-23, 2014), it has been tested and implemented by a variety of researchers and practitioners worldwide, while Ukraine avoided implementing this until recently. METHODS: We surveyed Ukrainian-based clinical research practitioners on their self-assessment in the competency domains proposed by Sonstein et al. (JAMA 28(3):17-23, 2014), tested their GCP knowledge, assessed their level and means of education, and the need to broaden the range of educational tools to reach the standards suggested by the Core Competency Framework. RESULTS: We identified competence issues in four competence domains: Medicines Development and Regulation, Data Management and Informatics, Scientific Concepts and Research Design, and Study and Site Management. Our study also determined that short-term GCP trainings, attended by most of Ukrainian-based clinical research professionals, are insufficient to provide thorough competence in all domains. CONCLUSIONS: The identified knowledge gaps provide evidence for the need to broaden the range of educational tools for Ukrainian-based clinical research professionals; we suggest launching long-term academic program with its curriculum based on the Core Competence Framework.

Differences in Characteristics of T-Cell Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Clinically Healthy Subjects.

We studied the differences in the characteristics of T-cell immunity in clinically healthy volunteers of three groups: "no previous COVID-19, not vaccinated", "recovered", and "vaccinated" as well as the relationship between the presence of IFNγ-releasing T cells in response to stimulation with peptide pools overlapping the main S, N, M, ORF3, and ORF7 protein sequences and the presence of IgG to the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. In the "no previous COVID-19, non-vaccinated" group, T cells specific to both S protein and other virus proteins were absent in 95% subjects. In the "recovered from COVID-19" group, T cells specific to the spike protein were present in samples from 39% subjects. In the same group, T-cell immunity to other viral proteins was present in 58% subjects. In vaccinated subjects, specific T cells responding to stimulation with S protein peptides were found in 47% cases and Т cells specific to N, M, ORF3, ORF7 proteins were detected in only 22% subjects.

N-Acetylglucosamine is the most effective glucosamine derivative for the treatment of membranous nephropathy in rats.

Nephroprotective drug development for optimizing treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important task of pharmaceutical science. Our study evaluated nephroprotective properties of the two glucosamine derivatives N-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine hydrochloride in a 3-week-long parenteral and oral daily administration at doses of 50 mg/kg in rats with doxorubicin nephropathy. Nephroprotective activity (NA) was evaluated by determining the functional state of the kidneys, the level of azotemia and the activity of free-radical processes in the renal tissue. The results show a significant increase in renal excretory function, normalization of nitrogen metabolism and a decline of free-radical processes under the influence of both studied amino sugars in rats with doxorubicin nephropathy. I. m. route of administration yielded the highest efficacy for both amino sugars with the highest level of NA (83.3%) shown by N-acetylglucosamine. Thus N-acetylglucosamine in i. m. injections has the highest NA among the glucosamine derivatives, and is a promising agent for CKD treatment.

Comparative Evaluation of ß-Catenin and E-Cadherin Expression in Liquid Aspiration Biopsy Specimens of Thyroid Nodules.

We compared the results of gene molecular and immunocytochemical studies of ß-catenin and E-cadherin in different variants of nodular thyroid disease (nodular colloid goiter, follicular thyroid adenocarcinoma, papillary thyroid cancer) and revealed changes of the function of the E-cadherin/ß-catenin complex leading to switching from adhesion function of ß-catenin in nodular colloid goiter to predominantly transcriptional activity in papillary carcinoma. The results confirm the important role of disturbances in E-cadherin-ß-catenin interactions in the mechanisms of malignant transformation of follicular epithelium.

Diclocor is superior to diclofenac sodium and quercetin in normalizing biochemical parameters in rats with collagen-induced osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate anti-inflammatory activity of Diclocor in the setting of collagen-induced osteoarthritis in rats in comparison with its active monocomponents-diclofenac sodium and quercetin. METHODS: The study was conducted on the model of collagen-induced osteoarthritis and included measurement of sialic acids, glycoproteins, C-reactive protein, prostaglandin E2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α, thromboxane B2, and leukotriene B4. Lastly, morphologic study with morphometry was also performed. RESULTS: Diclocor is superior to quercetin and diclofenac sodium by the degree of pharmacological effect on some of the studied parameters. The differences between the values were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Diclocor is a promising corrector of inflammatory and destructive joint diseases. Owing to the presence of both diclofenac sodium and quercetin in its composition, Diclocor exhibits a complex mechanism of anti-inflammatory action affecting cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase ways of arachidonic acid biotransformation.

[PHYSIOLOGICAL TREMOR INSTANTANEOUS FREQUENCY DYNAMICS UNDER VARIOUS EMOTIONALY LOADED STIMULATION].

Emotionally evoked physiological tremor dynamics was investigated on varying stimulus efficiency. Experimental protocol includes randomized presentation of four variant visual stimuli, one of the followed - subject's second name, random shuffled letters of second name, graphic representation of simple arithmetic expression with correct or incorrect answer. The physiological tremor acquisition was implemented by 3-axial digital accelerometers, fixed on external side of index fingers. The data analysis explained unconscious psychomotor activity dynamics under emotional status transitions. Evoked reactions specificity gives an opportunity to suppose stimulus-dependent lateralization of unconscious motor responses. Valid differences of the right hand psychomotor reactions were achieved for the most emotionally loaded stimulus - second name.

[Frequency of 5382insC mutation of the BRCA1 gene].

The paper assesses c5266dupC (5382insC) mutation incidence among breast cancer patients, residents of the Republic of Bashkorstan and Tyumen Region. It appeared as high as 4%.

[Abdominoplasty during operations for ventral hernias].

Anatomic cadavers studies have shown the necessity of one-stage abdominoplasty during herniotomy for ventral hernias. An original method of hernioplasty was developed. It is demonstrated that abdominoplasty in all the cases reduces tension of tissues with maximal effect in defects of the anterior abdominal wall from 32 to 150 cm(2) and subcutaneous fat thickness more than 3 cm.

A method for cellular stimulation of thyroid transplant for correction of thyroid system function.

The efficiency of autotransplantation of the thyroid tissue into the greater omentum was demonstrated in experiments on rats. High viability of the transplant and restoration of the hormonal thyroid activity were attained after a single injection of the cell suspension of autologous adherent bone marrow cells directly into the transplant.

Dynamics of functioning of thyroid gland transplant under conditions of stimulation with autologous adherent bone marrow cells.

The efficiency of thyroid tissue autotransplantation was studied in 150 male Wistar rats for 3 months. Comparative analysis of functional competence of the thyroid tissue transplanted into the great omentum showed restoration of the thyroid hormonal activity in animals receiving cell suspension of autologous adherent bone marrow cells.