Efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty versus latanoprost as initial management in glaucoma / Eficácia da trabeculoplastia seletiva a laser versus latanoprosta como tratamento inicial no glaucoma

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the hypotensive effect of SLT vs the use of latanoprost in the initial management of patients with suspected glaucoma and diagnosis of glaucoma. To evaluate the patients' quality of life using the Glaucoma Quality of Life questionnaire. Methods: Randomized controlled clinical trial conducted in the city of Cartagena, Colombia, between October 2021 to June 2023. Assignment to the SLT or latanoprost group with follow-up at days 7, 30, 90, 180, and 365 in patients diagnosed with suspected glaucoma, mild and moderate glaucoma. Results: 31 patients (60 eyes), of which 17 were men. Group SLT were 31 eyes and the latanoprost group included 29 eyes. The mean baseline IOP of the SLT group was 18.9mmHg and in the latanoprost group, it was 19.6mmHg. The mean IOP at the end of the follow-up group SLT was 13.9mmHg and for latanoprost 14.5mmHg. The IOP reduction percentage at one year of follow-up in the SLT group was 23.4% and that of the latanoprost group was 23.6% Conclusions: Selective laser trabeculoplasty with Nd-YAG laser is as effective as the use of prostaglandin analogues as initial treatment in the early stages of glaucoma. Regarding the quality of life scale, although there were no statistically significant differences in both groups, the SLT showed an increase in the difficulty perceived by the patient for activities that involve peripheral vision, which is the most affected in patients with glaucoma.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar o efeito hipotensor da trabeculoplastia seletiva a laser versus o uso de latanoprosta no tratamento inicial de pacientes com suspeita de glaucoma e diagnóstico de glaucoma; avaliar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes por meio do Glaucoma Quality of Life Survey. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado controlado realizado na cidade de Cartagena, Colômbia, entre outubro de 2021 e junho de 2023. Atribuição ao grupo trabeculoplastia seletiva a laser ou latanoprosta com acompanhamento nos dias 7, 30, 90, 180 e 365 em pacientes diagnosticados com suspeita de glaucoma, glaucoma leve e moderado. Resultados: Foram incluídos 31 pacientes (60 olhos), sendo 17 homens. No Grupo Trabeculoplastia Seletiva a Laser, foram 31 olhos, e, no Grupo Latanoprosta, 29 olhos. A pressão intraocular basal média do Grupo Trabeculoplastia Seletiva a Laser foi de 18,9mmHg e, no Grupo Latanoprosta, foi de 19,6mmHg. A pressão intraocular média no fim do grupo de acompanhamento trabeculoplastia seletiva a laser foi de 13,9mmHg e para latanoprosta de 14,5mmHg. A percentagem de redução da pressão intraocular em 1 ano de acompanhamento no Grupo Trabeculoplastia Seletiva a Laser foi de 23,4% e a do Grupo Latanoprosta foi de 23,6%. Conclusões: A trabeculoplastia seletiva a laser com Nd-YAG é tão eficaz quanto o uso de análogos de prostaglandinas como tratamento nas fases iniciais do glaucoma. Em relação à escala de qualidade de vida, embora não tenha havido diferenças estatisticamente significativas em ambos os grupos, a A trabeculoplastia seletiva a laser mostrou aumento na dificuldade percebida pelo paciente para atividades que envolvem a visão periférica, que é a mais afetada em pacientes com glaucoma.

[Evaluation of post-surgical complications between "Rendez-vous" technique vs. standard care in patients with choledocholithiasis]. / Evaluación de complicaciones posquirúrgicas de la técnica «Rendez-vous¼ vs. el manejo estándar en pacientes con coledocolitiasis.

Background: "Rendez-vous" (RV) technique is a mixed-technique which uses both laparoscopic and endoscopic skills; however, the evidence is contradictory regarding the implementation of this technique or the 2-step sequential technique (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography [ERCP] followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy [LC]) in the management of cholecysto-choledocholitiasis. Objective: To estimate the association between the implementation of RV technique and the presence of post-surgical complications as primary outcome, using as comparator the 2-step sequential technique. Method: An observational, analytical, retrospective study was conducted, using as exposed cohort the medical records from patients with a diagnosis of cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, or mild biliary pancreatitis. The exposed cohort underwent RV technique, while the unexposed cohort were those which underwent two step technique. Results: There was a lower post-surgical complication rate in the RV group (0%) compared with the 10.1% (p = 0.3617) in the control group. Also, RV technique showed a lesser hospitalization time (p = 0.0377) and a lesser post-surgical hospitalization time (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: RV technique is superior when compared with the 2-step sequential technique (ERCP followed by LC), based on a better surgical success rate, a fewer complications rate and less hospitalization time.

Antecedentes: La técnica de «Rendez-vous¼ (RV) es una técnica mixta en la que se combinan las habilidades endoscópicas y laparoscópicas. La evidencia es contradictoria respecto al uso de RV frente a la técnica secuencial en dos tiempos (colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica [CPRE] seguida de colecistectomía laparoscópica [CL]) para el manejo de la colecisto-coledocolitiasis. Objetivo: Estimar la asociación entre el uso de la técnica RV y la presencia de complicaciones posquirúrgicas como desenlace primario, en comparación con la técnica secuencial. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico retrospectivo que tomó como cohorte expuesta las historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de colelitiasis, colecistitis o pancreatitis leve de origen biliar sometidos a la técnica RV, y se compararon con registros en los que se realizó la técnica de dos tiempos. Resultados: La tasa de complicaciones posquirúrgicas en el grupo de RV fue del 0%, frente al 10.1% (p = 0.3617) en el grupo control. Además, la RV presentó menor tiempo de hospitalización global (p = 0.0377) y posquirúrgica (p < 0.0001). Conclusiones: La técnica RV es superior a la técnica secuencial de CPRE seguida de CL, por su mayor tasa de éxito, menor tasa de complicaciones y menor tiempo hospitalario.

Prevalence of Chronic Infection by Hepatitis C Virus in Asymptomatic Population With Risk Factors in Cartagena, Colombia.

Introduction: Infection by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important cause of chronic liver disease, considered a public health problem worldwide with high morbidity and mortality due to limited access to diagnostic tests in developing countries. Only a small percentage know their infection status and receive timely treatment. It is critical to make diagnostic tests for HCV infection accessible and to provide timely treatment, which not only reduces the spread of infection but also stops the progression of HCV disease without symptoms. Objective: To determine the prevalence of chronic infection by HCV in patients with risk factors by using rapid tests in Cartagena, Colombia, and describe their epidemiological characteristics. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out on asymptomatic adults with risk factors for HCV infection in the city of Cartagena between December 2017 and November 2019. A rapid immunochromatographic test was performed to detect antibodies, characterizing the population. Results: In total, 1,023 patients were identified who met the inclusion criteria, 58.5% women and 41.4% men, obtaining nine positive results, confirming chronic infection with viral load for HCV, finding seven cases of genotype 1b and two genotype 1a. Conclusion: In our study, a prevalence of hepatitis C infection of 0.9% was found in asymptomatic individuals with risk factors, which allows us to deduce that the active search for cases in risk groups constitutes a pillar for the identification of the disease, the initiation of antiviral therapy, and decreased morbidity and mortality.

Regla ISNT en fotografías de disco óptico, oftalmoscopia indirecta y medición de CFN con OCT / ISNT rule in optic disc photographs, indirect ophthalmoscopy and RNFL measurement with OCT

Introducción: La pérdida del anillo neurorretiniano (ANR) es una característica distintiva del glaucoma que genera desviación de la regla ISNT. Objetivos: Determinar el porcentaje de ojos sanos que cumplen la regla ISNT y establecer cuál de sus variantes es más aplicable a la población normal. Métodos: Evaluación del orden del grosor del anillo neurorretiniano por medio de fotografía de disco óptico, capa de fibras nerviosas en tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT) y evaluación clínica por oftalmoscopia indirecta. Resultados: Se evaluaron 102 ojos sanos de pacientes con edad promedio 44.1 años. El porcentaje de la regla ISNT en foto de disco, OCT y oftalmoscopia indirecta se cumplió en el 36.3, 38.2 y 29.4% de los ojos respectivamente, la variación de la regla en la que se excluye cuadrante nasal y temporal, conocida como regla «IS¼, aumentó sus porcentajes de cumplimiento al 73.5, 52.9 y 54.9% al ser evaluadas en foto de disco, OCT y oftalmoscopia indirecta, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La regla ISNT solo es válida en un tercio de los ojos evaluados mediante los métodos descrito

Background: Neurorretinal rim loss is an important characteristic of glaucoma that generates deviation from the ISNT rule. Objective: To determine what percentage of normal eyes follow the ISNT rule, and wich ISNT rule variants may be more generalizable to the normal population. Methods: Neurorretinal rim assessment from optic disc photographs, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements from (OCT) and clinical evaluation by indirect ophthalmoscopy. Results: 102 healthy eyes were evaluated, with an average age of 44.1 ± 11.7 years. The percentage of agreement of ISNT rule was verified in in disk photo (36.3%), OCT (38.2%) and indirect ophthalmoscopy (29.4%) of the total population. The variation of the rule in which the nasal (73.5) and temporal (52.9%) quadrant are excluded, known as the "IS" rule, increased its compliance percentages from 73.5%, 52.9% and 54.9% when evaluated in disk photo, OCT and indirect ophthalmoscopy, respectively.

Caracterización clínica y metabólica de pacientes con diagnóstico de urolitiasis atendidos en una clínica de cuarto nivel de Barranquilla, Colombia / Clinical and metabolic characterization of patients with a diagnosis of urolithiasis in a four-level clinic in the city of Barranquilla

Resumen Introducción: la urolitiasis es una enfermedad frecuente de la cual en Colombia se han publicado estudios previos; sin embargo, estos no comparan las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes con las comorbilidades y los factores predisponentes de litiasis como hiperuricemia, hipertensión arterial (HTA), obesidad y enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Objetivos: caracterizar clínica y metabólicamente los pacientes con diagnóstico de urolitiasis atendidos en una clínica de cuarto nivel de Barranquilla, Colombia, en el año 2019. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en 49 pacientes con base en el estudio de fichas clínicas Resultados: el 53,1 % de los participantes eran hombres y las medianas de edad y de índice de masa corporal (IMC) fueron 58 años y 26,4 kg/m2, respectivamente. Algunas de las comorbilidades identificadas fueron, en orden de frecuencia, HTA (69,4 %), ERC (36,7 %), infección de vías urinarias recurrente (24,5 %), hiperuricemia (44,9 %), hipercalcemia (16,3 %) e hiperfosfatemia (12,2 %). Los tipos de cristal encontrados fueron oxalato (20,4 %), urato (12,2 %), mezcla de oxalato y urato (4,1 %), fosfato (4,1 %), hipercalciuria e hiperoxaluria (38,8 %), hiperuricosuria e hipocalciuria (18,4 %) y hipofosfaturia o hipofosfaturia (4,1 %). Asimismo, la hiperuricemia se asoció a edad (p=0,028), ERC (p=0,026), medicamentos antihipertensivos (p=0,022), posición del cálculo en cáliz renal (p=0,012), hiperparatiroidismo (p=0,007), depuración de creatinina (p=0,046) e hipercalciuria (p=0,049). El IMC ≥30 se asoció con ERC estadio 5 (p=0,025), diálisis (p=0,025) e hiperoxaluria (p=0,021). Conclusiones: en la población analizada se evidenció una frecuencia significativa de ERC, hiperuricemia, obesidad e HTA.

Abstract Introduction: Urolithiasis is a disease with high frequency and our environment is no exception. Previous studies have been published in Colombia, however, these do not compare the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with comorbidities and predisposing factors for lithiasis such as they are hyperuricemia, high blood pressure, obesity, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objectives: To characterize clinically and metabolically the patients diagnosed with urolithiasis in a fourth-level clinic in the city of Barranquilla in 2019. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. In 49 patients, based on the study of clinical records Results: The median age was 58 years, the male sex in 53.1 %. The median body mass index was 26.4 Kg / m2. High blood pressure was identified in 69.4 %, chronic kidney disease (CKD) in 36.7 %, recurrent urinary tract infection in 24.5 %. Hyperuricemia in 44.9 %, hypercalcemia in 16.3 % and hyperphosphatemia in 12.2 %. The crystal types were oxalate in 20.4 %, urate in 12.2 %, mixture of the previous ones in 4.1 % and in the same proportion phosphate. Hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria in 38.8 %, hyperuricosuria and hypocalciuria in 18.4 %, while hyperphosphaturia or hypophosphaturia in 4.1 %. Hyperuricemia was associated with age (p = 0.028), CKD (p = 0.026), antihypertensive drugs (p = 0.022), the position of the stone in the renal calyx (p = 0.012), hyperparathyroidism (p = 0.007), creatinine clearance (p = 0.046) and hypercalciuria (p = 0.049). BMI ≥30 was associated with stage 5 CKD (p = 0.025), dialysis (p = 0.025), and hyperoxaluria (p = 0.021). Conclusions: A significant frequency of CKD, hyperuricemia, obesity and hypertension was evidenced in patients with urolithiasis.

Caracterización clínico-patológica y manejo de pacientes con mastitis granulomatosa crónica en un centro de alta complejidad / Clinicopathological characterization and management of patients with chronic granulomatous mastitis in a high complexity center

Introducción. La mastitis granulomatosa crónica es una enfermedad inflamatoria poco frecuente y con mayor incidencia en el sexo femenino. Su sintomatología y su presentación clínica causan gran ansiedad tanto en el paciente como en el personal médico, debido a su comportamiento similar al de la patología mamaria maligna. No hay una etiología clara ni un manejo terapéutico definido. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las características clínico-patológicas, el tratamiento y la evolución de las pacientes con mastitis granulomatosa, durante el periodo de estudio. Métodos. Estudio retrospectivo en el que se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico y manejo de trastorno inflamatorio de la mama no especificado (N61X), entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2019. Se encontraron 236 pacientes, se excluyeron 176 por no cumplir con el diagnóstico de mastitis granulomatosa crónica o por no tener un seguimiento adecuado. Se evaluaron las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y de evolución, comparando la respuesta que se obtuvo con cada tratamiento. Resultados. Se incluyeron 60 pacientes femeninas que presentaron manifestaciones variadas. El 38,3 % (n=23) recibieron manejo antibiótico, el 30 % (n=18) fue tratado con corticoides, el 8,3 % (n=5) recibió antibióticos más corticoides y se realizó manejo expectante en el 16,6 % (n=10). El 6,6 % (n=4) de los pacientes fueron llevados a cirugía. Discusión. La mejor respuesta y la menor tasa de recidiva se encontró en las pacientes que fueron sometidas a observación y en aquellas que recibieron corticoides

Introduction. Chronic granulomatous mastitis is a rare inflammatory disease with a higher incidence in females. Its symptoms and its clinical presentation cause great anxiety both in the patient and in the medical personnel, due to its behavior similar to that of malignant breast disease. There is no clear etiology or defined therapeutic management. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical-pathological characteristics, treatment and evolution of the patients with granulomatous mastitis, during the study period. Methods. Retrospective study in which the medical records of patients with diagnosis and management of unspecified inflammatory disorder of the breast (N61X) were reviewed, between January 2010 and December 2019. Two-hundred-thirty-six patients were found, 176 were excluded for not complying with the diagnosis of chronic granulomatous mastitis or for not having an adequate follow-up. The sociodemographic, clinical and evolution characteristics were evaluated, comparing the response obtained with each treatment. Results. Sixty female patients who presented varied manifestations were included, of which 38.3% (n=23) received antibiotic treatment, 30% (n=18) were treated with steroids, 8.3% (n=5) received antibiotics plus steroids, expectant management was performed in 16, 6% (n = 10), and 6.6% (n=4) of the patients were taken to surgery.Discussion. The best response and the lowest recurrence rate were found in patients who were observed and in those who received steroids

Pleurectomía parietal y decorticación pulmonar por cirugía torácica asistida por video (VATS) monopuerto versus toracotomía / Parietal pleurectomy and pulmonary decortication by single-portvideo-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) versus thoracotomy

Introducción. El avance de la cirugía torácica abierta a cirugía torácica asistida por vídeo por tres puertos, y sus posteriores efectos en la recuperación de los pacientes, conllevó al desarrollo de la técnica por un solo puerto, que ha mostrado beneficios en el postoperatorio.El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los resultados postquirúrgicos de los pacientes sometidos a pleurectomía parietal y decorticación pulmonar toracoscópica asistida por video monopuerto y los obtenidos por toracotomía convencional, en una clínica de cuarto nivel, entre 2016 y 2019. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, en el que se incluyeron 79 pacientes llevados a pleurectomía parietal y decorticación pulmonar por toracoscopia asistida por vídeo monopuerto y 25 pacientes operados por toracotomía convencional. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y postoperatorias. Se utilizaron las pruebas de Chi2 o de Fisher y las pruebas t de Student y Mann Whitney. Resultados. La mediana de edad fue menor en el grupo de pacientes operados por toracotomía convencional (28 años, RIC: 26­48, p=0,0005). No hubo diferencia en los tiempos quirúrgicos. Se encontró menor intensidad del dolor y disminución en los días con tubo de tórax, uso de antibióticos, días de UCI y días de estancia hospitalaria en el grupo de pacientes operados por toracoscopia asistida por vídeo monopuerto (p<0,05). Discusión. Este estudio refuerza la tendencia de mejores resultados postquirúrgicos, menos días de uso del tubo de tórax, uso de antibióticos, necesidad de UCI y días de estancia hospitalaria general con la técnica asistida por vídeo monopuerto comparado con la toracotomía abierta convencional

Introduction. The advancement from open to video-assisted thoracic surgery through three ports, and its sub-sequent effects on the recovery of patients, led to the development of the single port technique, which has shown benefits in the postoperative period. The objective of this study was to compare the postsurgical results of patients undergoing parietal pleurectomy and video-assisted single-port thoracoscopic pulmonary decortication to those obtained by conventional thoracotomy, in a fourth level clinic, between 2016 and 2019.Methods. Descriptive study, in which 79 patients underwent parietal pleurectomy and pulmonary decortication by single-port video-assisted thoracoscopy and 25 patients operated by conventional thoracotomy were included. Sociodemographic, clinical and postoperative variables were evaluated. The Chi-square or Fisher tests, and the t Student and Mann Whitney t tests were used.Results. The median age was lower in the conventional thoracotomy group (28 years; IQR: 26-48; p= 0.0005). There were no differences in surgical times. Lower pain level, and a decreased in days with chest tube, antibiotic use, need for ICU and of hospital stay were reported in the single-port video-assisted thoracoscopy group compared to conventional thoracotomy technique (p < 0.05). Discussion. This study reinforces the trend of better postsurgical results, fewer days of chest tube use, use of antibiotics, need for ICU and days of general hospital stay with the single-port video-assisted technique compared to conventional open thoracotomy

Desenlaces maternos y perinatales en pacientes con infección respiratoria aguda COVID-19 de Cartagena (marzo a diciembre de 2020), Colombia / Maternal and perinatal outcomes in patients with acute respiratory infection COVID-19 from Cartagena (March to December 2020), Colombia

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: Las enfermedades respiratorias graves suelen afectar de manera desproporcionada a las mujeres embarazadas y representan un mayor riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad materna y neonatal severas. Los informes clínicos de los desenlaces maternos y neonatales en mujeres embarazadas con COVID-19 siguen siendo escasos a pesar de la cantidad de información que surge a diario en la bibliografía universal. OBJETIVOS: Describir los desenlaces maternos y perinatales de las pacientes embarazadas con diagnóstico positivo de infección respiratoria aguda en la ciudad de Cartagena en el periodo de marzo a diciembre de 2020. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal efectuado en mujeres embarazadas con diagnóstico positivo de infección por COVID-19. RESULTADOS: De las 120 participantes se excluyeron 70 por no tener diagnóstico confirmado por PCR para SARS-CoV-2. Se analizaron 50 pacientes con una mediana de edad de 29 años (RIC 24-32). El 30% requirió hospitalización, el 96% de las pacientes tuvo síntomas; el más frecuente fue la tos con un 50%, seguido de fiebre y anosmia con 42%. Las complicaciones maternas se registraron en el 28% de los casos, 14% requirieron atención en la UCI, además, el 6% de la muestra falleció. El 12% ameritó reanimación neonatal y el 24% se internó en la UCI. CONCLUSIONES: La mayoría tuvo síntomas respiratorios durante el ingreso, con una alta tasa de mortalidad materna. No se registraron desenlaces fatales en los neonatos.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Severe respiratory diseases tend to disproportionately affect pregnant women, representing an increased risk of severe maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Clinical reports on maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 remain scarce despite the amount of information that emerges daily in the universal literature. OBJECTIVE: Describe the maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant patients with a positive diagnosis for acute respiratory infection COVID-19 in the city of Cartagena in the period between March and December 2020. METHODS: This was an observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted including pregnant women with a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 infection in the city of Cartagena, between March 2020 and December 2020. RESULTS: Of the 120 participants, 70 were excluded for not having a diagnosis confirmed by PCR for SARS-CoV-2, 50 patients with a median age of 29 years (IQR 24 - 32) were analyzed, 30% required hospitalization, 96% of the patients presented symptoms, the most frequently referred being cough with 50%, followed by fever and anosmia with 42%. Maternal complications occurred in 28% of the cases, requiring admission to the ICU in 14%, and death occurred in 6% of the sample. 12% required neonatal resuscitation and 24% were admitted to the ICU. CONCLUSIONS: Most had respiratory symptoms during admission, with a high maternal mortality rate. There were no neonatal fatal outcomes.

Parámetros biométricos oculares en candidatos a cirugía de catarata / Ocular biometric parameters in cataract surgery candidates

Introducción: Las estructuras ópticas pueden variar en su configuración y medida dependiendo de la edad, el sexo y la raza, por lo que su medición previa a la cirugía es un pilar fundamental para el cálculo correcto del lente intraocular. Caracterizar los rangos normales de estos parámetros en nuestra población suministra información importante que puede mejorar los resultados visuales tras la cirugía de catarata y alertar en aquellos casos que distan de la media de los rangos conocidos. Objetivo: Describir los parámetros biométricos oculares en pacientes candidatos a cirugía de catarata y analizar sus variaciones según la edad y el sexo. Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo, de corte transversal. Análisis retrospectivo de biometrías oculares realizadas con reflectometría óptica de baja coherencia en pacientes candidatos a cirugía de catarata. Resultados: Se evaluaron 820 ojos de 820 pacientes candidatos a cirugía de catarata, con una edad media de 68.1 ± 11.1 años, el 53.7% de sexo femenino. Los parámetros oculares promedios encontrados fueron: longitud axial (AL) 23.39 ± 1.11 mm, profundidad de cámara anterior (ACD) 3.37 ± 0.49 mm, astigmatismo corneal (AST) 1.09 ± 0.85 D, espesor corneal central (CCT) 529.43 ± 35.02 µm, poder queratométrico (K) 43.81 ± 1.64 D, queratometría plana 43.28 ± 1.69 D, queratometría curva 44.37 ± 1.74 D y distancia blanco a blanco 11.82 ± 0.52 mm. El promedio de AL y ACD fue mayor en los hombres que en las mujeres (p < 0.0001), y con el aumento de la edad el AST y el K mostraron una tendencia al incremento. Se encontró un 23.78% de astigmatismo con la regla, un 54.88% de astigmatismo contra la regla y un 21.34% de astigmatismo oblicuo. Conclusiones: El perfil de los datos biométricos evidenció diferencias significativas entre sexos y grupos de edad. Se encontró una buena correlación entre la AL, la ACD y la potencia corneal, y los promedios encontrados se corresponden bien con los de otras poblaciones de similar origen étnico.

Introduction: Optical structures can vary in their configuration and measurement depending on age, sex and race, so their measurement, prior to surgery, is a fundamental pillar for the correct calculation of the intraocular lens. Characterizing the normal ranges of these parameters in our population provides important information that can improve the visual results of cataract surgery and alert in those cases that are far from the mean of the known ranges. Objective: To describe the ocular biometric parameters in cataract surgery candidates. Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Retrospective analysis of biometric parameters measured by optical low-coherence reflectometry in cataract surgery candidates. Results: The study evaluated 820 eyes of 820 cataract patients, the mean age was 68.1 ± 11.1 years, 53.7% female. Mean ocular parameters found were: axial length (AL) 23.39 ± 1.11 mm, anterior chamber depth (ACD) 3.37 ± 0.49 mm, corneal astigmatism (AST) 1.09 ± 0.85 D, central corneal thickness (CCT) 529.43 ± 35.02 µm, keratometry (K) 43.81 ± 1.64 D, flat keratometry (K1) 43.28 ± 1.69 D, steep keratometry (K2) 44.37 ± 1.74 D and white-to-white distance (WTW) 11.82 ± 0.52 mm. Mean AL and ACD were significantly longer in men (p < 0.0001) and with increasing age, AST and K showed an upward trend. 23.78% of astigmatism with the rule, 54.88% of astigmatism against the rule and 21.34% of oblique astigmatism were found. Conclusions: The profile of the biometric data showed significant differences between sex and age groups, a good correlation was found between axial length, chamber depth and keratometry. The averages found correspond well to those of other populations of similar ethnic origin

Caracterización de la disfunción tiroidea en adultos con enfermedad renal crónica en diálisis / Characterization of thyroid dysfunction in adults with chronic renal disease in dialysis

Resumen Introducción: existe una clara relación entre la disfunción tiroidea y la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) que se evidencia por el aumento de la prevalencia de hipotiroidismo primario a medida que disminuye la tasa de filtración glomerular. Objetivo: caracterizar los pacientes adultos con disfunción tiroidea y enfermedad renal crónica en terapia dialítica. Métodos: e realizó un estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo, transversal, que caracterizó y recolectó datos de laboratorio en pacientes mayores de 18 años con ERC. Estos pacientes se encontraban en terapia dialítica en una unidad renal de la ciudad de Cartagena (Colombia) y se les practicó un control de TSH en el año 2016. Resultados: se incluyeron 350 pacientes con registro de TSH. La mediana de edad fue de 59 años y el 49.1% eran mujeres. La principal causa de la ERC fue la hipertensión (36.3%) y la principal comorbilidad fue el hiperpatioidismo (56%). En relación con la disfunción tiroidea, se evidenció que el 25.4% de la población presentó niveles de TSH mayores a 4.5 uIU/mL. Dentro de este segmento, un 5.7% se encontraba en rango de hipotiroidismo (TSH>10 uIU/mL). Conclusiones: la prevalencia de la disfunción tiroidea fue mayor en la muestra, en comparación con la población general. No obstante, se requieren estudios adicionales con medición de T4L para realizar una adecuada categorización.

Abstract Background: There is a clear relationship between thyroid dysfunction and chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is evidenced by the increase in the prevalence of primary hypothyroidism when the glomerular filtration rate decreases. Objectives: Characterize adult patients with thyroid dysfunction and chronic kidney disease on dialysis therapy. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out that characterized and collected laboratory reports of patients >18 years of age with CKD in dialysis therapy of a renal unit of the city of Cartagena/Bolívar with TSH control in 2016. Results: 350 patients with TSH registry were included, with a median age of 59 years and 49.1% were women. The main cause and comorbidity of CKD was hypertension in 36.3% and hyperpatioidism in 56% respectively. In relation to thyroid dysfunction, 25.4% of the population had TSH levels> 4.5 uIU/mL, of which 5.7% had TSH levels> 10 uIU/mL (hypothyroidism). Conclusions: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was higher than in the general population, however additional studies with measurement of FT4 are necessary to achieve an adequate categorization.

Frecuencia de enfermedades huérfanas en Cartagena de Indias, Colombia / Frequency for genetic orphan diseases in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia

RESUMEN Objetivo Estimar la frecuencia de enfermedades huérfanas (EH) o raras (ER) de origen genético en Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. Metodología Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con datos de los Registros Individuales de Prestación de Servicios (RIPS), del periodo 2003-2010, conservados por el Departamento Administrativo Distrital de Salud-DADIS. Fueron escogidas las EH de origen genético a partir de la clasificación del Ministerio de Salud Colombiano, y que se identifican con la referencia Q en los Códigos Internacionales de Enfermedad (CIE10). Resultados En total se registraron 522 181 personas que consultaron al sistema de salud. El 0,8 % (n=16 527) tuvieron algún diagnóstico Q. Finalmente, 391 personas (0,075 %) tuvieron impresión diagnóstica de EH de origen genético. En esta población se encontraron 75 impresiones diagnósticas distintas. Las Malformaciones y Deformidades Congénitas del Sistema Osteomuscular (Q65-Q79) fueron las más frecuentes (38,6 %), seguidas por Otras Malformaciones Congénitas (Q080-089) con 16,6 %. Conclusiones Se obtuvo el primer reporte de la frecuencia de las EH de origen genético en la segunda ciudad más poblada sobre el litoral del Caribe Colombiano. Es posible que en los RIPS haya un subregistro de las ER que dificulta conocer la prevalencia real.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective Estimating the frequency of genetic orphan diseases in Cartagena de Indias (Colombia). Methodology A cross-sectional study was carried out employing data from the Health Care Service Individual Records (RIPS) of 2003-2010, kept by the District Administrative Department of Health-DADIS- in Cartagena de Indias. Genetic ODs included in national classification from Colombian Ministry of Health were chosen, and those identify by the Q reference according to the International Codes of Disease (ICD10) were finally selected for descriptive analysis. Results A total of 522 181 people who consulted the health system were recorded. 0.8 % (n=16 527) had a diagnosis Q. Finally, 391 people (0.075 %) had diagnostic impression of genetic OD. Within this population, 75 different diagnostic impressions were found. Congenital malformations and deformities of the musculoskeletal system (Q65-Q79) were the most frequent (38.6 %), followed by Other Congenital Malformations (Q080-089) with 16.6 %. Conclusions It was obtained the first report of the frequency of genetic orphan diseases from the second largest on the Colombian Caribbean coast city. It is suspected that misreporting in RIPS database is reducing actual frequency of OD. Further active search could reveal complete prevalence.(AU)

[Frequency for genetic orphan diseases in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia]. / Frecuencia de enfermedades huérfanas en Cartagena de Indias, Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: Estimating the frequency of genetic orphan diseases in Cartagena de Indias (Colombia). METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was carried out employing data from the Health Care Service Individual Records (RIPS) of 2003-2010, kept by the District Administrative Department of Health-DADIS- in Cartagena de Indias. Genetic ODs included in national classification from Colombian Ministry of Health were chosen, and those identify by the Q reference according to the International Codes of Disease (ICD10) were finally selected for descriptive analysis. RESULTS: A total of 522 181 people who consulted the health system were recorded. 0.8 % (n=16 527) had a diagnosis Q. Finally, 391 people (0.075 %) had diagnostic impression of genetic OD. Within this population, 75 different diagnostic impressions were found. Congenital malformations and deformities of the musculoskeletal system (Q65-Q79) were the most frequent (38.6 %), followed by Other Congenital Malformations (Q080-089) with 16.6 %. CONCLUSIONS: It was obtained the first report of the frequency of genetic orphan diseases from the second largest on the Colombian Caribbean coast city. It is suspected that misreporting in RIPS database is reducing actual frequency of OD. Further active search could reveal complete prevalence.

OBJETIVO: Estimar la frecuencia de enfermedades huérfanas (EH) o raras (ER) de origen genético en Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con datos de los Registros Individuales de Prestación de Servicios (RIPS), del periodo 2003-2010, conservados por el Departamento Administrativo Distrital de Salud-DADIS. Fueron escogidas las EH de origen genético a partir de la clasificación del Ministerio de Salud Colombiano, y que se identifican con la referencia Q en los Códigos Internacionales de Enfermedad (CIE10). RESULTADOS: En total se registraron 522 181 personas que consultaron al sistema de salud. El 0,8 % (n=16 527) tuvieron algún diagnóstico Q. Finalmente, 391 personas (0,075 %) tuvieron impresión diagnóstica de EH de origen genético. En esta población se encontraron 75 impresiones diagnósticas distintas. Las Malformaciones y Deformidades Congénitas del Sistema Osteomuscular (Q65-Q79) fueron las más frecuentes (38,6 %), seguidas por Otras Malformaciones Congénitas (Q080-089) con 16,6 %. CONCLUSIONES: Se obtuvo el primer reporte de la frecuencia de las EH de origen genético en la segunda ciudad más poblada sobre el litoral del Caribe Colombiano. Es posible que en los RIPS haya un subregistro de las ER que dificulta conocer la prevalencia real.

Salud sexual y reproductiva en estudiantes universitarios de una institución de educación superior en Colombia / Sexual and reproductive health in university students at an institution of higher learning in Colombia

Objetivo Investigar en una universidad estatal del Caribe colombianoel estado de la salud sexual y reproductiva especialmente conocimientos sobre Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual (ETS), fertilidad, sexualidad, embarazo y violencia. Métodos Estudio transversal tipo encuesta. Se seleccionaron estudiantes matriculados en el segundo período de 2010 que llenaron voluntariamente la encuesta. Los datos cualitativos fueron tabulados y graficados usando medidas de tendencia central para variables cuantitativas. Resultados La población tenía alrededor de 20 años de edad, provenía de la zona urbana (57,9%; IC95%=54,7-61,1), predominantemente heterosexual (89,7%) con edad de inicio de vida sexual antes de los 18 años, con 11,8 % de promiscuidad que usaba principalmente el preservativo como Método de Planificación Familiar (MPF) (55 %). Aunque poseían información previa sobre salud sexual, MPF y ETS, no se comportaban acorde con ello, por la desinformación sobre formas de transmisión del VIH, bajo nivel de realización de pruebas serológicas para ETS, así como conductas de riesgo (sexo/alcohol/drogas). El 12,3% tuvo antecedente de embarazo, violencia física (21,6%) y sexual (4,6%) con un predominante silencio de las víctimas de abuso sexual (61,8%). Conclusiones La muestra refleja la población universitaria de esta región del país. Se planea organizar un programa con apoyo médico y psicológico que permita disminuir los índices de ETS, embarazos no planificados, preparando al adolescente en esta importante etapa de su vida, sirviendo de modelo para otras universidades latinoamericanas.

Objective To investigate the state of sexual and reproductive health in students at a public university in the Colombian Caribbean, with an emphasis on sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), fertility, sexuality, pregnancy and violence. Methods Cross-sectional survey study. University students, enrolled in the second semester of 2010 and who completed a self-administered survey based on the Reproductive Health survey of the Pan American Health Organization, were selected. Qualitative data was tabulated and graphed using measures of central tendency for quantitative variables. Results The age of population studied was around 20 years old, came from the urban area (57.9 %; IC95 %=54.7-61.1), was predominantly heterosexual (89.7 %), with an age of initiation of sexual activity of less than 18 years old, 11.8 % promiscuity, mainly using the condom as a Family Planning Method (FPM) (55 %). Although they had prior information on sexual health, STDs and FPMs, they did not behave according to this due to low education about HIV transmission routes, low incidence of serological tests for STDs, and high risk behavior (sex/alcohol/drugs). It was observed that 12.3 % had a history of pregnancy, physical violence (21.6 %) and sexual violence (4.6 %) with a predominant silence from the victims of sexual abuse (61.8 %). Conclusion The sample reflects the student population in this region of Colombia. We plan to organize a health program with medical and psychological support to reduce the rates of STDs and unplanned pregnancies, preparing the adolescent for this important step in their life and serving as a model for other Latin American universities.

[Sexual and reproductive health in university students at an institution of higher learning in Colombia]. / Salud sexual y reproductiva en estudiantes universitarios de una institución de educación superior en Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the state of sexual and reproductive health in students at a public university in the Colombian Caribbean, with an emphasis on sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), fertility, sexuality, pregnancy and violence. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey study. University students, enrolled in the second semester of 2010 and who completed a self-administered survey based on the Reproductive Health survey of the Pan American Health Organization, were selected. Qualitative data was tabulated and graphed using measures of central tendency for quantitative variables. RESULTS: The age of population studied was around 20 years old, came from the urban area (57.9 %; IC95 %=54.7-61.1), was predominantly heterosexual (89.7 %), with an age of initiation of sexual activity of less than 18 years old, 11.8 % promiscuity, mainly using the condom as a Family Planning Method (FPM) (55 %). Although they had prior information on sexual health, STDs and FPMs, they did not behave according to this due to low education about HIV transmission routes, low incidence of serological tests for STDs, and high risk behavior (sex/alcohol/drugs). It was observed that 12.3 % had a history of pregnancy, physical violence (21.6 %) and sexual violence (4.6 %) with a predominant silence from the victims of sexual abuse (61.8 %). CONCLUSION: The sample reflects the student population in this region of Colombia. We plan to organize a health program with medical and psychological support to reduce the rates of STDs and unplanned pregnancies, preparing the adolescent for this important step in their life and serving as a model for other Latin American universities.

Concordancia de la citología de impresión y la patología con nevus conjuntivales en la Clínica Oftalmológica de Cartagena / Concordance between impression cytology and pathology evaluation in patients with conjunctival nevus at Clínica Oftalmológica de Cartagena

Objetivos: evaluar la concordancia entre la citología de impresión y el estudio de anatomía patológica en pacientes con nevus conjuntivales que consultaron al Departamento de Córnea de la Clínica Oftalmológica de Cartagena. Diseño del estudio: estudio de concordancia. Métodos: se tomaron 48 ojos de 44 pacientes con hiper o hipopigmentación conjuntival a los que se le realizó citología de impresión y estudio histopatológico comparándose los resultados. Resultados: durante Junio 2011 a Junio 2012 se incluyeron 48 pacientes con sospecha de nevus conjuntivales a los cuales se les realizó citología de impresión y estudio histopatológico. Tuvo más prevalencia el sexo femenino con 68.75%. La edad promedio fué de 34.5 años. Las lesiones encontradas en OD fueron el 52.08%. El 60.42% presentaron pigmento leve o moderado seguido de un 35.42% de pacientes con abundante pigmentación. La localización más común de la lesión fue la conjuntiva bulbar con 93.75%. La citología de impresión resultó positiva para nevus en el 89.58% mientras que la patología arrojó resultados de nevus sub-epitelial en un 35.42%, seguido de nevus compuesto y de unión en el 33.33 y 20.83% respectivamente, y ausencia de nevus en el 10.42%. La sensibilidad de la citología de impresión fue de 93.02% con una especificidad del 40%. Conclusiones: la citología de impresión es un método altamente sensible para la detección de nevus conjuntivales y puede ser utilizado como prueba de tamizaje.

Objectives: to evaluate the concordancebetween impression cytology and pathology evaluation in patients with conjunctival nevus attending Cornea Clinic at Clinica Oftalmológica de Cartagena. Study Design: concordance study Methods: We evaluated 48 eyes from 44 patients with conjunctival hyper or hypopigmentation whom underwent impression cytology and histopathology assessment to find concordance between two methods. Results: during June 2011 to June 2012, we included 48 patients with suspected conjunctival nevus whom underwent impression cytology and histopathology study. Female prevalence was 68.75%. Average age was 34.5 years. Lesions were found in right eye in 52.08% of patients. 60.42% had moderate or mild pigment followed by 35.42% with abundant pigment. The most common location of injury was the bulbar conjunctiva with 93.75%. Impression cytology was positive for nevus in 89.58%, while pathology studies showed subepithelial nevus in 35.42% of cases, followed by compound nevus and union nevus with 33.33% and 20.83% respectively. 10.42% of patients showed absence of nevus. Sensitivity of impression cytology was 93.02% while specificity of the test achieved 40%. Conclusions: impression cytology is a highly sensitive method to detect conjunctival nevi and can be used as a screening test.

[Agreement between Five Definitions of Metabolic Syndrome: Cartagena, Colombia]. / Concordancia entre cinco definiciones de síndrome metabólico: Cartagena, Colombia.

BACKGROUND: During last decade the metabolic syndrome has been defined by five different guidelines. Discrepancies in such definitions could influence syndrome predictive ability over cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of agreement between these five guidelines, in population from Cartagena (Colombia). METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted in adults from urban zone. Sample size was estimated based on 2005 DANE census, which included 670 individuals. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was determined through the WHO (World Health Organization), AHA/NHLBI (American Heart Association/National Heart Lung and Blood Institute), ATP III (Adult Treatment Panel III), IDF (International Diabetes Federation) and JIS (Joint Interim Statement) guidelines. Frequencies obtained were compared through Cohen's kappa index. RESULTS: According to JIS, IDF, ATPIII, AHA/NHBLI and WHO guidelines, metabolic syndrome prevalence was 36.3% [32.6 - 39.9], 35.1%, 30.3%, 24.2% and 4.9%. Agreement between JIS and IDF was 0.893, while index for these two guidelines with AHA/NHLBI was 0.778 y 0.750, respectively. ATPIII had a lower agreement with JIS and IDF (0.711 and 0.645, respectively), however with AHA/NHLBI agreement was 0.863. WHO presented a agreement with the others guidelines between 0.14 and 0.16. CONCLUSIONS: Significant agreement was found between the four most recent guidelines. Abdominal obesity cut-off points might support differences agreement differences.

[The seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against rubella (German measles) in 10-49 year-old women from Cartagena, Colombia]. / Seroprevalencia de IgG contra Rubeola en mujeres entre 10-49 años, en Cartagena, Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: Determining immunoglobulin G (IgG) against the rubella virus (RV) causing German measles in Cartagena and whether vaccination goals against German measles have been achieved. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out during 2009; females aged 10-49 years were included. Selection was randomised. Socio-demographic variables were recorded in face-to-face interviews. IgG against RV was detected by ELISA. X2 and Fisher's exact tests were used for comparing variables. A logistic regression model was used for correlating data. RESULTS: A total of 1,528 serum samples were analysed; 93 % (n=1,422) were seropositive. The lowest seropositivity was reported in girls aged 10-14. Differences regarding seroprevalence percentages were statistically significant between age ranges (p<0.001) and employment (p=0.042). A high risk of seronegativity was reported for girls aged 10-14 (OR=0.27; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Seroprevalence goals against RV had not been reached in Cartagena and new cases of rubella (German measles) or congenital rubella (German measles)syndrome are still possible in the area. These findings revealed that no significant progress had been made since 2006 when German measles vaccine coverage was 90 %-95 %. High risk in girls aged 10-14 suggests that the local immunisation programme fails in MMR vaccine administration.

Seroprevalencia de IgG contra Rubeola en mujeres entre 10-49 años, en Cartagena, Colombia / The seroprevalence IgG antibodies against rubella (German measles) in 10-49 year-old women from Cartagena, Colombia

Objetivo Determinar la seroprevalencia de Inmunoglobulina G (IgG) contra Virus de la Rubéola (VR) en Cartagena y si las metas de cobertura en inmunización contra VR han sido alcanzadas. Métodos Se desarrolló un estudio transversal, durante 2009. Se incluyeron mujeres entre 10-49 años de edad. Los individuos fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente. Las variables socio-demográficas fueron registradas por entrevista directa. La IgG contra VR fue detectada mediante ELISA. Para analizar diferencias entre grupos se emplearon la prueba exacta de Fisher y X2. Se aplicó un modelo de regresión logística para correlacionar variables. Resultados Se analizaron 1 528 muestras. El 93 por ciento (n=1 422) de la población fue seropositiva. Las mujeres entre 10-14 años reportaron un menor nivel de seropositividad en relación con el resto de la población. Las diferencias entre proporciones de seroprevalencia fueron estadísticamente significativas en los rangos de edad (p<0,001) y la ocupación (p=0,042). Las mujeres entre 10-14 años reportaron riesgo elevado para seronegatividad (OR=0,27, p<0,001). Conclusiones Las metas de seroprevalencia contra VR no han sido alcanzadas en Cartagena y nuevos casos de Rubéola o Síndrome de Rubéola Congénita podrían presentarse en el Distrito. Estos hallazgos revelan que no hubo progreso significativo desde 2006, cuando el porcentaje de cobertura en vacunación contra VR oscilaba entre 90-95 por ciento. El alto riesgo en el grupo de 10-14 años sugiere falencias en la administración de las dosis iniciales en el esquema de vacunación.

Objective Determining immunoglobulin G (IgG) against the rubella virus (RV) causing German measles in Cartagena and whether vaccination goals against German measles have been achieved. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out during 2009; females aged 10-49 years were included. Selection was randomised. Socio-demographic variables were recorded in face-to-face interviews. IgG against RV was detected by ELISA. X2 and Fisher's exact tests were used for comparing variables. A logistic regression model was used for correlating data. Results A total of 1,528 serum samples were analysed; 93 percent (n=1,422) were seropositive. The lowest seropositivity was reported in girls aged 10-14. Differences regarding seroprevalence percentages were statistically significant between age ranges (p<0.001) and employment (p=0.042). A high risk of seronegativity was reported for girls aged 10-14 (OR=0.27; p<0.001). Conclusions Seroprevalence goals against RV had not been reached in Cartagena and new cases of rubella (German measles) or congenital rubella (German measles)syndrome are still possible in the area. These findings revealed that no significant progress had been made since 2006 when German measles vaccine coverage was 90 percent-95 percent. High risk in girls aged 10-14 suggests that the local immunisation programme fails in MMR vaccine administration.

Body Mass Index and its correlation with pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis from Cartagena (Colombia) / Indice de Masa Corporal y su correlación con la función pulmonar en pacientes con fibrosis quística en Cartagena (Colombia)

Background. Sinus-pulmonary manifestations are a major concern in CF patients. Pulmonary function shows a strong relationship with nutritional status. In Colombia, malnutrition is a public health issue; however there are no reports that fully analyze nutritional status and lung function in CF children. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was developed conducted with 32 patients registered in the CF Attention Program. Measurements were performed following the NIOSH Spirometry Training Guide. Body Mass Index (Z-Score) was calculated according to Onis.et.al. Correlation was determined by a regression model. Results. 14 children were able to perform the test with criteria for the study, mean for age 12.4 ± 3.4 years. % Forced Expiratory Volume1 and % Forced Vital Capacity means were 66.7 ± 28.5 and 69.5 ± 2.0, respectively. Body Mass Index (Z-score) mean was -1.17. BMI-regression for % Forced Expiratory Volume1, r2=0.31(P<0.01); % Forced Vital Capacity, r2=0.22(P<.01). Conclusions. Results demonstrated a correlation between Body Mass Index and Lung Function. This correlation persists, even in populations with notorious nutritional deficit such as this group. Special nutritional therapies should be implemented for this group and similar populations.

Introducción: Las manifestaciones sinopulmonares son de gran interés en pacientes con fibrosis quística. La función pulmonar se ha correlacionado con el estado nutricional en estos pacientes. En Colombia, la malnutrición es un problema de importancia para la salud pública; sin embargo, no se han publicado reportes que analicen el estado nutricional y la función pulmonar en pacientes con fibrosis quística. Materiales y métodos: Se disenó un estudio transversal con 32 pacientes registrados en el Programa de Atención Integral para Pacientes con Fibrosis Quística y sus familias. Los exámenes se realizaron siguiendo la guía de entrenamiento de la NIOSH. El índice de Masa Corporal (Z-Score) fue calculado siguiendo las recomendaciones de Onis et al. El grado de correlación fue determinado por un modelo de regresión. Resultados: 14 ninos fueron incluidos para realizar las pruebas con los criterios del estudio; la edad media fue 12,4±3,4anos; para %Volumen Expiratorio Forzado y %Capacidad Vital Forzada las medias fueron 66,7±28,5 y 69,5±22,0 respectivamente. La media del índice de Masa Corporal (Z-score) fue -1,17. La regresión del índice de Masa Corporal para %Volumen Expiratorio Forzado1 fue r²=0,31(P<0,01), y para %Capacidad Vital Forzada, r²=0,22(P<0,01). Conclusiones: Los resultados demostraron correlación entre el índice de Masa Corporal y la función pulmonar. Esta correlación persistió incluso en poblaciones con un notorio déficit nutricional como la de este estudio. Una terapia nutricional específica debería ser implementada en este grupo y poblaciones similares.

[Primary central nervous system tumours reported in Cartagena, 2001-2006]. / Tumores primarios del sistema nervioso central en Cartagena, 2001- 2006.

OBJECTIVES: Determining the frequency of primary central nervous system tumours diagnosed in Cartagena; Colombia, from 2001-2006 and determining the demographic, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients having central nervous system tumours reported by a single institution in Cartagena between 2001 and 2006. METHODS: A passive epidemiological surveillance descriptive study was carried out. The pathology reports of new diagnosed central nervous system primary tumours from all laboratories in Cartagena were taken and the available clinical records regarding these cases were analysed. The overall incidence rate and incidence rates by year, gender, age and histological type were estimated, with 95 % confidence intervals. Standardised morbidity rates were also calculated. RESULTS: There were 390 such cases during 2001-2006. The overall incidence rate was 6.91/100,000 people-year. Meningiomas were the most frequently occurring histological types (3.46/100,000 people-year). The provenance could only be determined in 43.1 % of cases. Standardised morbidity rates were higher in Cartagena regarding those reported in the United States and by the Colombian National Cancer Institute and the Population-based Cali Cancer Registry. CONCLUSIONS: There was a higher incidence of primary central nervous system tumours in Cartagena than in the rest of the country. Registry and surveillance systems should be improved and research into risk factors encouraged.