RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sarotherodon galilaeus (Linné, 1758) is a member of the family Cichlidae, which is considered the most important aquaculture freshwater species endemic to Africa and the Middle East. The genetics and molecular biology of this species are rare. This requires more comprehensive mitochondrial genomes-based phylogenetics to enhance understanding of the relationship and delineate this species. METHODS AND RESULTS: Here, we assembled the complete mitogenome of S. galilaeus using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. The mango tilapia mitogenome was 16,631 bp in length with an AT composition of 53.4% and 46.4% GC content. It encodes 37 genes comprising two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) as well as the D-loop known as the control region. The phylogenetic tree was conducted to provide a relationship within the haplotilapiine lineage based on the maximum likelihood method, and the newly sequenced S. galilaeus was clustered with other Sarotherodon species. CONCLUSION: Our results provide a new perception of the genetic basis of S. galilaeus species for further research on systematics, evolution, population genetics, and molecular ecology.
Asunto(s)
Cíclidos , Genoma Mitocondrial , Mangifera , Tilapia , Animales , Filogenia , Tilapia/genética , Cíclidos/genética , Genoma Mitocondrial/genética , Mangifera/genética , ARN de Transferencia/genéticaRESUMEN
A total of 1600 Egyptian school children from primary and preparatory schools aged from 9 to less than 13 years were included in the study. Oral hygiene was assessed in high and low socioeconomic levels among boys and girls using the simplified oral hygiene index simplified (OHI-S) recommended by green and vermillion. The results showed that all children has debris scores (DI-S), the mean (DI-S) increases by age with the exception of age group 12 < 13 years. No significant difference in the mean (DI-S) scores between high and low socioeconomic level. The least scores were reported in low socioeconomic groups of girls. The mean (DI-S) scores were higher in boys than in girls. Calculus was scarce among 9- < 13-years-old children.
Asunto(s)
Índice de Higiene Oral , Adolescente , Análisis de Varianza , Niño , Depósitos Dentarios/diagnóstico , Depósitos Dentarios/epidemiología , Egipto/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Colorantes de Rosanilina , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
The antihypertensive effect of two adrenergic blocking agents (Alprenolol and Propranolol) have been studied in a group of 107 patients with essential hypertension. A significant reduction of 20 mmHg in the systolic blood pressure was recorded for the group using Alprenolol and 25 mmHg in the group using Propranolol. The corresponding decrease of 7-10 mmHg in the diastolic blood pressure for the entire group was also significant. These two drugs may be of therapeutic value in essential hypertension, independently or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs.