Confidence of UK Ophthalmology Registrars in Managing Posterior Capsular Rupture: Results from a National Trainee Survey.

INTRODUCTION: To establish the level of confidence amongst UK ophthalmology specialist registrars (residents) in managing posterior capsule rupture (PCR) during cataract surgery. METHODS: An online nine-item questionnaire was distributed to all registrars, recruited nationwide via regional representatives. Data collected included stage of training, number of completed cataract operations, cumulative PCR rate, number of PCRs independently managed, understanding of vitrectomy settings and fluidic parameters and access to simulation. Respondents self-evaluated their confidence in managing PCR with vitreous loss. RESULTS: Complete responses were obtained from 248 registrars (35% response rate). Mean number of phacoemulsification procedures performed was 386. For senior registrars (OST 6-7), 35 out of 70 (50%) felt confident to manage PCR independently and 55 out of 70 (78.6%) were either quite confident or very confident at deciding when to implant an intraocular lens during PCR management. Lower confidence levels were noted for junior trainees (OST 1-2). Over 65% of survey respondents had access to relevant simulation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results represent the largest UK survey analysing the confidence of PCR management amongst registrars. Confidence improves with duration of training and increased exposure to management of PCR. However, 50% of senior registrars still lacked confidence to independently manage PCR and vitreous loss. A specific competency-based framework, potentially using a simulator or simulating a PCR event, incorporated into the curriculum may be desirable.

Integrating retinal simulation with a peer-assessed group OSCE format to teach direct ophthalmoscopy.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the conception and evaluation of a novel educational intervention to teach direct ophthalmoscopy with retinal simulators using a peer-assessed group objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) format. DESIGN: Prospective, single-centre educational trial at Oxford University Medical School, Oxford, U.K. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 160 consecutive undergraduate fifth-year medical students participated in the study. METHODS: Students identified prior experience, teaching, examination, and feedback relevant to direct ophthalmoscopy. Students self-evaluated their perceived confidence across 6 domains of direct ophthalmoscopy examination before and after the educational intervention using a Likert-type psychometric scale. Wilcoxon matched pair testing was used to determine statistical significance for each domain. RESULTS: The group OSCE intervention increased confidence in direct ophthalmoscopy overall from 2.5% to 63.8% (p < 0.001). Confidence improved in all 6 domains, most significantly in controls of ophthalmoscope (p < 0.001) and sequence of examination (p < 0.001) but also in the identification and interpretation of retinal signs (p < 0.001). Students rated the tutorial as very effective or effective across all 6 domains, and 96.29% rated the tutorial as effective overall. CONCLUSIONS: Retinal simulation, integrated with a peer-assessed group OSCE format, is effective in increasing confidence in all aspects of direct ophthalmoscopy. It may be insufficient alone for training in the identification and interpretation of posterior segment clinical signs. Diminishing ophthalmology clerkships worldwide require ophthalmologists to identify innovative teaching methods, using modern technology and pedagogy to deliver high-quality, yet high-throughput, training in direct ophthalmoscopy. This novel teaching strategy may be considered by ophthalmologists responsible for direct ophthalmoscopy training in a teaching hospital context.

Treatment of hydrofluoric acid exposure to the eye.

AIM: To review the current evidence of the treatment of hydrofluoric acid (HF) exposure to the human cornea. METHODS: A comprehensive manual search of the literature was conducted through the Ovid interface to assess the mechanism and efficacy of each irrigator through a variety of clinical cases and experimental studies. RESULTS: Ocular exposure to HF is extremely damaging to the eye and swift recognition and decontamination with an appropriate agent forms the basis of treatment. Although there are various decontamination solutions that have efficacy against the corrosive action of HF, irrigation with Hexafluorine proved to be the most safe and effective treatment for the eye. CONCLUSION: In conclusion emergency departments could benefit from the availability of Hexafluorine for the treatment of HF ocular burns in patients.

Evaluating the Quality of Medical Documentation at a University Teaching Hospital.

A recent joint publication by the Royal College of Physicians and Royal College of Nursing raised concern regarding the variability in the organisation and quality of documentation during ward rounds [1]. The aim of the study was to evaluate the standard of medical documentation at a University Teaching Hospital. Retrospective manual analysis of patient's paper and electronic paper records (EPR) from the different specialties. Inclusion criteria included in-patient stay of more than two days and admission after 1st July 2013. A VTE assessment was available in 100% of patients. The plan and postoperative instructions were available in 100% of patients. Notes were documented contemporaneously in 75% of cases which increased to 80% in the second following by 89.11% in the third cycle. If a consultant was present on the ward round this was documented in 80% of cases in the first cycle. This subsequently increased to 90% in the second cycle and 100% in the third cycle. Overall the quality of medical documentation was of a reasonable standard but could be improved even further if we continue to document contemporaneously and name every person present at each patient encounter.

Measuring quality of life in oculoplastic patients.

AIM: To investigate if there is any published evidence of impaired quality of life in conditions which are corrected by oculoplastic surgery and whether there is proven benefit in the quality of life such procedures. METHODS: We searched a number of databases to determine the level of evidence available for common conditions amenable to oculoplastic surgery. Search terms concentrated on quality of life measures rather than anatomical correction of deformities. RESULTS: The level of evidence available for different conditions was very variable. Certain conditions had extensive research documenting reduction in quality of life, with some evidence for improvement after surgery. Some other common conditions had little or no evidence supporting of reduction in quality of life to support the need for surgery. CONCLUSION: The evidence is sparse for quality of life improvement after some of our most commonly performed procedures. Many of these procedures are now being identified by primary care trusts (PCTs) as of "low clinical value", and are no longer being routinely commissioned in certain parts of the UK. There is a need to address this lack of evidence to determine whether oculoplastic surgery should continue to be commissioned by PCTs.