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1.
J Clin Neurophysiol ; 39(7): 583-591, 2022 Nov 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36331159

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 patients hospitalized in intensive care units develop neuromuscular manifestations. However, to our knowledge, a study describing the neurophysiological findings in these patients has not been reported. The objective of this study was to diagnose the cause of neuromuscular deficit in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients, through neurophysiological examination. METHODS: This is a retrospective, observational case series. Data were collected from April 13, 2020, to May 31, 2020. Twenty-two coronavirus disease 2019 patients with generalized neuromuscular deficit during intensive care unit hospitalization were studied. Neurophysiological examinations included motor and sensory peripheral nerve conductions, needle electromyography, F waves, and repetitive nerve stimulation. RESULTS: The subjects were 14 men (63.6%) and eight women, ranged from 35 to 74 years old (58.0, interquartile ranges 50.7-66.2). Intensive care unit hospitalization time ranged from 14 to 82 days (median 37.5, interquartile ranges 22.7-55.0). Through neurophysiological examination, myopathy was diagnosed in 17 patients (77.3%) and polyneuropathy in four (18.2%). Focal neuropathies were diagnosed in 12 patients (54.6%), with a total of 19 affected nerves. Common peroneal nerve lesions at the fibular head (68.4%) and ulnar nerve lesions at the elbow level (21.1%) were the most frequent locations. No significant differences were established between neurophysiological findings and clinical or analytical data. CONCLUSIONS: In critical coronavirus disease 2019 patients with neuromuscular complaints, neurophysiological examination provides an accurate diagnosis-useful to select treatment measures and establish the prognosis of recovery. Neurophysiological findings are similar to those described for critical illness neuromuscular disease, with myopathy being the most frequent diagnosis.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Enfermedades Musculares , Enfermedades Neuromusculares , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Neuromusculares/etiología , Electromiografía/efectos adversos , Enfermedad Crítica , Nervio Peroneo
2.
Rev. neuro-psiquiatr. (Impr.) ; 84(2): 128-131, abr.-jun. 2021. graf
Artículo en Español | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1341578

RESUMEN

RESUMEN El síndrome cistocerebral fue descrito por primera vez en 1990 por Blackburn y Dunn. Los casos estudiados fueron varones ancianos con síndrome confusional agudo y retención urinaria aguda que, tras un drenaje vesical, presentaron resolución completa del cuadro clínico. Se reporta el caso de un anciano con disminución rápida del nivel de consciencia, mioclonías, hipotensión arterial, bradicardia y retención aguda de orina que experimentó total remisión del cuadro clínico luego del drenaje vesical correspondiente. Se describen, asimismo, los posibles mecanismos implicados en el origen de este síndrome y las alteraciones hemodinámicas y autonómicas subyacentes. Se sugiere considerar al síndrome cistocerebral en el diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes varones ancianos con síndrome confusional o deterioro cognitivo e hipertrofia prostática y que presenten, además, un episodio de retención urinaria aguda.


SUMMARY Cystocerebral syndrome was first described in 1990 by Blackburn and Dunn, in elderly males with acute confusion syndrome and urinary retention, who after bladder drainage experienced full resolution of the clinical picture. We report the case of an elderly male patient with Cystocerebral syndrome and symptoms such as a rapid decrease in consciousness level, myoclonies, hypotension, bradycardia and acute urinary retention who, after bladder drainage presented a complete remission of the clinical picture. The potential mechanisms involved in the origin of this syndrome are described, as well as its underlying hemodynamic and autonomic alterations. Cystocerebral syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with a confusional syndrome and cognitive impairment, diagnosed with prostatic hypertrophy and presenting, in addition, an episode of acute urinary retention.

3.
Rev Neurol ; 56(6): 337-43, 2013 Mar 16.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23483469

RESUMEN

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is defined as a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 20 mmHg, or a decrease in diastolic blood pressure of 10 mmHg within three minutes of standing. It results from an inadequate response to postural changes in blood pressure. Common symptoms include dizziness, light-headedness, blurred vision, weakness, fatigue, nausea, palpitations, sweating, head and neck ache, slow cognitive performance and transient loss of conscientiousness. OH is a common problem among elderly patients and its aetiology is diverse, including autonomic nervous system dysfunction, cardiac problems, medication side effects, ageing changes or transitory deregulation of blood volume. The instrumental diagnosis can be easily accomplished by the tilt-table test, with continuous monitoring of blood pressure and cardiac parameters. It is a non-invasive technique and needs minimal collaboration from the patient. In our experience, when reviewing 327 patients, aged over 40 years and examined because of clinical suspicion of OH, the prevalence thereof was 51% whereas if focused in subjects older than 70, OH was proven in 90% of the cases. The older the patients, the more frequently they presented general deterioration, neurological or cardiac problems as well as pharmacological side effects. Ruling out neurological or cardiac malfunction can drastically improve the prognosis with possible reversibility of symptoms. Some nonpharmacological and pharmacological approaches to improve management of OH and life quality are described for guidance.


Asunto(s)
Hipotensión Ortostática , Adulto , Edad de Inicio , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/complicaciones , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/complicaciones , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Estimulantes del Sistema Nervioso Central/uso terapéutico , Deshidratación/complicaciones , Deshidratación/terapia , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Neurológico , Fludrocortisona/uso terapéutico , Fluidoterapia , Humanos , Hipotensión Ortostática/inducido químicamente , Hipotensión Ortostática/diagnóstico , Hipotensión Ortostática/epidemiología , Hipotensión Ortostática/etiología , Hipotensión Ortostática/fisiopatología , Hipotensión Ortostática/terapia , Enfermedades Metabólicas/complicaciones , Enfermedades Metabólicas/diagnóstico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Medias de Compresión , Simpatomiméticos/uso terapéutico , Vasopresinas/uso terapéutico
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