Cancer History and Social Support Impact Colorectal Cancer Screening Utilization by Race/Ethnicity.

This study examined the association between cancer history, social support, and up to date colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among four racial/ethnic groups. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data on respondents aged 45-75 years from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Our outcome of interest was CRC screening and exposures of interest were race/ethnicity, cancer history, and social support. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was performed. Among 73,869 adults, the CRC screening rate was 66.8% with the highest rate in non-Hispanic (NH) Whites (72.2%) and the lowest in Hispanics (52.6%). Screening rates were higher in adults with a cancer history (81.9%) and those having social support (69%). Hispanic adults with a cancer history had lower screening use (50.9% vs. 77.4% in no cancer history group; p-value <0.001). Regardless of race/ethnicity, adults without social support had lower screening utilization (p-value<0.05). In effect modification, NH White adults who reported no cancer history and lack of social support were 12% less likely to have CRC screening than those with social support but without cancer history (OR,0.88;95% CI, 0.79-0.98). Similar results were observed among Hispanic adults without a cancer history and social support, with 37% less likely to have CRC screening than those with social support but no cancer history (OR,0.63;95% CI, 0.42-0.93). NH White and Hispanic adults without a cancer history and limited social support were less likely to have CRC screening uptake. By implementing culturally tailored interventions that address social support needs, greater CRC screening compliance may be increased among these populations.

Perceived Economic Strain, Subjective Social Status, and Colorectal Cancer Screening Utilization in U.S. Men-A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Although socioeconomic status (SES) is fundamentally related to underutilization of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, the role of perceived economic strain and subjective social status with CRC screening is understudied. The aim of this study was to investigate whether greater perceived economic strain or lower subjective social status would decrease the odds of CRC screening uptake and being up-to-date with guideline-recommended CRC screening. We also explored interactions with household income and educational attainment. Cross-sectional survey-based data from men aged 45-75 years living in the United States (N = 499) were collected in February 2022. Study outcomes were ever completing a stool- or exam-based CRC screening test and being up-to-date with CRC screening. Perceived economic strain and subjective social status were the predictors. We conducted logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Greater perceptions of economic strain decreased odds of being up-to-date with CRC screening. Household income modified the association between perceived economic strain and completing a stool-based test; the association was stronger for men from lower-income households. In unadjusted models, higher subjective social status increased odds of completing an exam-based test and being up-to-date with CRC screening. Our findings suggest that experiencing economic strain may interfere with men's CRC screening decisions and may capture additional information about barriers to CRC screening utilization beyond those captured by income or education.

Addressing Social Risks to Accelerate Health Equity in Cancer Prevention and Control.

Addressing social risks in cancer prevention and control presents a new opportunity for accelerating cancer health equity. As members of the American Society of Preventive Oncology (ASPO) Cancer Health Disparities Special Interest Group, we describe the current state of science on social risks in oncology research and practice. To reduce and eliminate the unjust burden of cancer, we also provide recommendations for multilevel research examining social risks as contributors to inequities and the development of social risks-focused interventions. Suggestions for research and practice are provided within levels of the socio-ecological model, including the interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy levels.

Temporal trends in early-onset colorectal cancer incidence (2000-2020) by age group and five geographic regions in the state of Georgia.

The increase of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) among younger adults is a major public health concern. However, little is known about variations in CRC incidence across different age groups within small geographic areas in Georgia. We examined temporal trends of CRC incidence in Clayton, East Central, West Central, Northeast, and Southeast regions, by age groups. Annual incidence rates for CRC in individuals aged 15+ years during 2000-2020 in the five regions of Georgia were included. Temporal trends were examined within the five regions and stratified by age group. Joinpoint regression was employed to calculate the annual percent change and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Among 20,215 CRC diagnoses, CRC incidence declined over time for East Central (-2.33%; 95% CI, -3.03, -1.64), Northeast (-1.63%; 95% CI, -2.15, -1.04), Southeast (-1.63%; 95% CI, -2.30, -0.96), and West Central (-1.53%; 95% CI, -2.04, -1.03) Georgia. In the 15-44 age group, a notable increase of CRC incidence was found in Clayton, Northeast, and Southeast regions with a range of 2.2%-3.4%. However, adults aged 60+ years experienced a significant decrease in CRC incidence for most Georgia regions (all p-value <0.05), except for the Clayton region. In conclusion, CRC incidence declined during 2000-2020 in most Georgia regions. However, early-onset CRC is a major concern in Georgia as young adults (<45 years) living in Clayton, Northeast, and Southeast Georgia experienced significant annual increases in CRC incidence. Targeted CRC screening and awareness campaigns should be prioritized for adults <45 years and in the most impacted areas in Georgia.

Regular arrays of C60-based molecular rotors mounted on the surface of tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene nanocrystals.

Dielectric spectroscopy has been used to determine the barriers of rotation of surface-mounted fullerenes (2.3 ± 0.1 and 4.3 ± 0.1 kcal mol-1). In order to achieve this, a C60 derivative equipped with an anchoring group designed to form a surface inclusion with the hexagonal form of tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene (TPP) has been synthesized. Solid-state NMR analysis revealed that approximately 50% of the surface-mounted molecules have a chemical environment different from the others suggesting two distinct insertion modes. These observations correlate with results of DFT calculations.

Porphene and porphite as porphyrin analogs of graphene and graphite.

Two-dimensional materials have unusual properties and promise applications in nanoelectronics, spintronics, photonics, (electro)catalysis, separations, and elsewhere. Most are inorganic and their properties are difficult to tune. Here we report the preparation of Zn porphene, a member of the previously only hypothetical organic metalloporphene family. Similar to graphene, these also are fully conjugated two-dimensional polymers, but are composed of fused metalloporphyrin rings. Zn porphene is synthesized on water surface by two-dimensional oxidative polymerization of a Langmuir layer of Zn porphyrin with K2IrCl6, reminiscent of known one-dimensional polymerization of pyrroles. It is transferable to other substrates and bridges µm-sized pits. Contrary to previous theoretical predictions of metallic conductivity, it is a p-type semiconductor due to a predicted Peierls distortion of its unit cell from square to rectangular, analogous to the appearance of bond-length alternation in antiaromatic molecules. The observed reversible insertion of various metal ions, possibly carrying a fifth or sixth ligand, promises tunability and even patterning of circuits on an atomic canvas without removing any π centers from conjugation.

"It's Probably Just Hemorrhoids": A Qualitative Exploration of the Lived Experiences and Perceptions of Long-term Survivors of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer among adults aged <50 years [early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC)] is projected to be the leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. Although evidence-based guidelines for colorectal cancer screening now recommend beginning screening at age 45, the needs of many at-risk young adults are potentially being overlooked. Unanswered questions also remain regarding the effects of EOCRC on quality-of-life and psychosocial outcomes. This qualitative study explored the lived experiences and perceptions of a sample of adult EOCRC survivors in the United States through one-on-one interviews. METHODS: An EOCRC advocate survivor team member led 27 structured virtual interviews using a 10-question interview guide. Data were analyzed using a 9-step inductive approach. RESULTS: Participants were geographically diverse. Most were women (66.6%) who self-identified as non-Hispanic White (85.2%). The mean age at interview was 40.19 ± 5.99; at diagnosis, 33.93 ± 5.90. Six overarching themes emerged: signs and symptoms, risk factors, system-level factors, quality of life, social support, and reflection. CONCLUSIONS: The specific needs of individuals in this younger population of patients with colorectal cancer should be considered during treatment and future interventions and throughout survivorship. IMPACT: While the reasons for the increasing incidence of EOCRC are currently unknown, the lived experiences and perceptions of EOCRC survivors noted in this study highlight specific needs of this population that can inform educational materials, comprehensive care, future research, and policy change.

Parental education and epigenetic aging in middle-aged and older adults in the United States: A life course perspective.

Epigenetic aging is one plausible mechanism by which socioeconomic status (SES) contributes to disparities in morbidity and mortality. Although the association between SES and epigenetic aging is well documented, the role of parental education into adulthood remains understudied. We examined (1) if parental education was independently associated with epigenetic aging, (2) whether upward educational mobility buffered this association, and (3) if the benefit of parental education was differentiated by race/ethnicity. Secondary data analysis of a subsample (n = 3875) of Non-Hispanic [NH] Black, Hispanic, NH White, and NH other race participants from the Venous Blood Study within Health and Retirement Study were examined. Thirteen clocks based on DNA methylation of cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites were used to calculate epigenetic aging. Participants' education (personal) and their report of their respective parent's education (parental; mother's and/or father's) were included as independent variables; several potential confounders were also included. Direct associations and interactions between parental and personal education were estimated via survey-weighted generalized linear models; marginal means for epigenetic aging were estimated and contrasts were made between the education subcategories. Analyses were also stratified by race/ethnicity. Our results showed that higher parental education was independently associated with slower epigenetic aging among four clocks, whereas higher personal education magnified this association among four different epigenetic clocks. Participants with the lowest parental and personal education had higher marginal means (i.e., accelerated aging) compared to participants with the highest parental and personal education, and there was little evidence of upward mobility. These associations were more frequently observed among NH White participants, whereas fewer were observed for Hispanic and NH Black participants. Overall, our findings support that early-life circumstances may be biologically embedded through epigenetic aging, which may also limit the biological benefits associated with one's own education.

Perceived economic pressure and colorectal cancer-related perceptions among U.S. males (aged 45-75).

PURPOSE: To examine whether a greater perception of economic pressure would be associated with more-negative attitudes, greater perceived barriers, and lower subjective norms regarding colorectal cancer (CRC) and CRC screening among males aged 45-75 years. METHODS: We recruited 492 self-identified males aged 45-75 years living in the United States. We operationalized perceived economic pressure as a latent factor with three subscales: can't make ends meet, unmet material needs, and financial cutbacks. Our dependent variables were attitudes toward CRC and CRC screening, perceived barriers to completing a CRC screening exam, and subjective norms regarding CRC screening (e.g., how others value CRC screening). We tested a hypothesized model using structural equation modeling with maximum-likelihood estimation, adjusting for covariates, and made post-hoc modifications to improve model fit. RESULTS: Greater perceived economic pressure was associated with more-negative attitudes toward CRC and CRC screening (ß = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.37,0.57) and with greater perceived barriers to CRC screening (ß = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.34), but was not significantly associated with subjective norms (ß = 0.07, 95% CI: - 0.05, 0.19). Perceived economic pressure was an indirect pathway by which lower-income and younger age were associated with more-negative attitudes and greater perceived barriers. CONCLUSIONS: Our study is one of the first to show that, among males, perceived economic pressure is associated with two social-cognitive mechanisms (i.e., negative attitudes, greater perceived barriers) that are known to influence CRC screening intent and, ultimately, CRC screening completion. Future research on this topic should employ longitudinal study designs.

Message Framing for Men? Gender Moderated Effects of Culturally Targeted Message Framing on Colorectal Cancer Screening Receptivity among African Americans.

Receptivity to recommended colorectal cancer (CRC) screening can be enhanced by use of loss-framed health messaging that emphasizes possible consequences of failing to act. However, a simultaneous use of culturally targeted messaging may be needed to achieve effectiveness when loss-framed messaging is used with African Americans, especially to reduce racism-related cognitions aroused by standard loss framing that impede CRC screening receptivity. This study considered whether effects of stand-alone and culturally targeted message framing on CRC screening receptivity differ between African American men and women. African Americans eligible for CRC screening (Men=117, Women=340) viewed an informational video about CRC risks, prevention, and screening, and were randomized to receive a gain or loss-framed message about screening. Half of participants received an additional culturally targeted message. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior, we measured receptivity to CRC screening. We also measured arousal of racism-related cognitions. A significant three-way interaction suggested effects of messaging on CRC screening receptivity were moderated by gender. Participants were no more receptive to CRC screening when standard loss-framing was used, but were more favorable if loss-framing was culturally targeted. However, these effects were more pronounced among African American men. Contrary to prior findings, gender moderated effects of culturally targeted loss-framed messaging were not attributable to reducing racism-related cognitions. Findings add to growing recognition of important nuance in effective use of message framing to also include gender, while suggesting a critical need to explore gender-relevant mechanistic pathways, potentially including how health messaging activates masculinity-related cognitions among African American men.

Challenges to Reintegration: A Qualitative Intrinsic Case-Study of Convicted Female Sex Traffickers.

Limited research focuses on the nature of the lived experiences of women engaged in sex trafficking. This study employed qualitative methods of in-depth structured interviews with ten convicted sex traffickers (ages 24-56; 100% identifying as female). Participants' lived experiences revealed circumstances that led them to trafficking, specific needs, and the stigmatization they faced after exiting economies tied to trafficking. Inductive analysis yielded three key barriers to reintegration success: limited choice; negative labeling; and unmet physical, emotional, and social needs. These findings enhance understanding of the factors influencing the successful reintegration of convicted female sex traffickers into mainstream society.

Factors contributing to the utilization of robotic colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Some studies have suggested disparities in access to robotic colorectal surgery, however, it is unclear which factors are most meaningful in the determination of approach relative to laparoscopic or open surgery. This study aimed to identify the most influential factors contributing to robotic colorectal surgery utilization. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of published studies that compared the utilization of robotic colorectal surgery versus laparoscopic or open surgery. Eligible studies were identified through PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations in September 2021. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies were included in the analysis. Patients were less likely to undergo robotic versus laparoscopic surgery if they were female (OR = 0.91, 0.84-0.98), older (OR = 1.61, 1.38-1.88), had Medicare (OR = 0.84, 0.71-0.99), or had comorbidities (OR = 0.83, 0.77-0.91). Non-academic hospitals had lower odds of conducting robotic versus laparoscopic surgery (OR = 0.73, 0.62-0.86). Additional disparities were observed when comparing robotic with open surgery for patients who were Black (OR = 0.78, 0.71-0.86), had lower income (OR = 0.67, 0.62-0.74), had Medicaid (OR = 0.58, 0.43-0.80), or were uninsured (OR = 0.29, 0.21-0.39). CONCLUSION: When determining who undergoes robotic surgery, consideration of factors such as age and comorbid conditions may be clinically justified, while other factors seem less justifiable. Black patients and the underinsured were less likely to undergo robotic surgery. This study identifies nonclinical disparities in access to robotics that should be addressed to provide more equitable access to innovations in colorectal surgery.

Exploring the barriers and facilitators towards physical activity among church members in Lagos, Nigeria: a qualitative study.

Background: Physical inactivity is substantially linked to the rise in the global burden of non-communicable diseases. Faith-based organizations are recognized as potential partners for sustainable health interventions. Objective: This study aims to explore the facilitators and barriers towards physical activity among adult church members in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: Sixteen focus group discussions (n-163) were conducted among adult male and female church members in twelve Anglican churches. The discussions were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and analysed along with the field notes for themes using sequential approach with the aid of the Dedoose® software. Results: Individual facilitators of PA included self-discipline, and personal habits. Individual barriers were laziness, ill-health, fear of injury and pre-existing health conditions. Organizational facilitators included biblical verses promoting PA, while deterring factors were lack of safe spaces for PA and poor knowledge among church leadership. The community-level facilitators included pro-physical activity cultural practices, while the prevailing practice hiring house-helps, high costs of gym membership and gender norms discouraging men from participating in household chores served as deterring community-level factors. Environmental facilitators were the availability of safe spaces for PA while deterring factors were city living and high traffic density. Conclusion: Several multi-level factors influence physical activity among church members. While it is pertinent to address personal factors, family and community factors also promote PA, therefore, group-level interventions may be warranted. Strategies that address the socio-cultural norms that serve as barriers to PA should also be included in the design of church-based PA programmes.

Examining the relationship between household wealth and colorectal cancer screening behaviors among U.S. men aged 45-75.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death among men in the United States (U.S.), particularly among men aged 45 years and older. Early-detection screening remains a key method of decreasing CRC-related deaths, yet socioeconomic barriers exist to planning and completing CRC screening. While accumulating evidence shows income disparities in CRC screening prevalence, a dearth of research has investigated wealth disparities. This study aimed to determine whether household wealth was associated with CRC screening uptake and future screening intent. In February 2022, we sent an online survey to potential participants; U.S. men aged 45-75 years were eligible to participate. We examined four CRC screening behaviors as outcomes: ever completing a stool-based or exam-based screening test, current screening status, and future screening intent. Household net wealth, determined by self-reported household wealth and debt, was the primary predictor. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence interval (CI). Of the study participants (N = 499), most self-identified as Non-Hispanic White, were aged 50-64 years, and had previously completed a CRC screening test. Results revealed that, among men aged 45-49 years, higher net wealth decreased the odds of ever completing a stool- or exam-based test (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.98; OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.94, respectively). By contrast, among men aged 50-75 years, higher net wealth increased the odds of being current with CRC screening (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.92). Net wealth was unassociated with CRC screening intent. These findings suggest that household net wealth, rather than income, is an important socioeconomic factor to consider in relation to uptake of CRC early-detection screening. The financial and social cognitive mechanisms linking household wealth to CRC screening behaviors merit future research and intervention.

Practical method for RF pulse distortion compensation using multiple square pulses for low-field MRI.

Since recovery time of the RF coil is long at low field MRI, the rising and the ring-down times of the square pulse are also long, which means the applied sinc pulse can easily be distorted from the changing amplitude. However, both the rising time and ring-down time can be calculated using Q-factor. Using this information, an RF square pulse were compensated by appending two square pulses before and after the RF pulse. The durations of these RF square pulses were calculated using the Q-factor. Since the amplitude of the sinc pulse changes continuously, a series of square pulses were applied to apply sinc pulse to the coil. The minimum number of square pulses and the amplitude of the square pulses were calculated. It was successfully demonstrated that the sinc pulse can be compensated using a series of square pulses. The more number of square pulses were used, the smoother sinc pulse was applied to the RF coil. The Q-factor was experimentally calculated from the ring-down time of a signal induced in a sniffer loop which was connected to an oscilloscope. The resulting Q-factor was then used to calculate both the duration and amplitude of the square pulses for compensation. Echo trains were also acquired in an inhomogeneous B0 field using the compensated RF pulses. In order to enhance the SNR of the echo trains, a pre-polarization pulse was added to the CPMG spin echo sequence. The SNRs of the echo signal acquired using compensated pulses were compared with those of signal obtained with uncompensated pulses and showed significant improvements of 61.1% and 51.5% for the square and sinc shaped pulses respectively.

Association Between Family/Neighborhood Cancer Risk Factors and Adolescent Dietary Behaviors: A Parent-Adolescent Dyadic Analysis.

Objective. This cross-sectional study examined associations between adolescent dietary behaviors and family/home environments with parent-adolescent dyadic analysis. Methods. Secondary data were analyzed for adolescents and their parents who participated in the 2014 Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) study. Relationships between adolescent and parent intake of convenience/fast-food, fruits/vegetables, and sugar, as well as family/community and mealtime environments, were examined using Pearson's correlations, 2-sample t tests, analysis of variance, and general linear model analyses. Results. Among this nationwide parent-adolescent dyad sample (N = 1890), a moderate relationship between parent and adolescent consumption of convenience/fast-foods (r = 0.426) and fruits/vegetables (r = 0.416) was found. Adolescent convenience/fast-foods intake differed by sex, neighborhood socioeconomic status, meals eaten with family, and meals eaten in front of the TV (P < .001 for all) as well as race/ethnicity (P = .004). Adolescent fruit/vegetable intake differed by home location (P = .029), school location (P = .032), meals eaten together with family, meals eaten in front of the TV, and body mass index category (P < .001 for all). Generalized linear models revealed multiple predictors of adolescent dietary behaviors. Conclusion. Findings suggest dynamic relationships between adolescent and parent dietary cancer risk factors and adolescent fruit/vegetable consumption disparities by multiple environmental factors. Interventions targeting adolescent-parent dyads may help reduce cancer risk associated with diet.

Economic Pressure and Intention to Complete Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Among U.S. Men.

Although men's lives can be saved by colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, its utilization remains below national averages among men from low-income households. However, income has not been consistently linked to men's CRC screening intent. This study tested the hypothesis that men who perceive more economic pressure would have lower CRC screening intent. Cross-sectional data were collected via an online survey in February 2022. Men (aged 45-75 years) living in the U.S. (N = 499) reported their CRC screening intent (outcome) and their perception of their economic circumstances (predictors). Adjusted binary and ordinal logistic analyses were conducted. All analyses were conducted in March 2022. Men who perceived greater difficulty paying bills or affording the type of clothing or medical care they needed (i.e., economic strain) were less likely to have CRC screening intent (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.93). This association was no longer significant when prior screening behavior was accounted for (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.52, 1.10). Contrary to our hypothesis, men who reported more financial cutbacks were more likely to report wanting to be screened for CRC within the next year (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.11). This is one of the first studies to demonstrate that men's perceptions of their economic circumstances play a role in their intent to complete early-detection screening for CRC. Future research should consider men's perceptions of their economic situation in addition to their annual income when aiming to close the gap between intent and CRC screening uptake.

Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities in Delay to Initiation of Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy.

PURPOSE: Delays in initiation of radiotherapy may contribute to inferior oncologic outcomes that are more commonly observed in minoritized populations in the United States. We aimed to examine inequities associated with delayed initiation of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The National Cancer Database was queried to identify the 10 cancer sites most commonly treated with IMRT. Interval to initiation of treatment (IIT) was broken into quartiles for each disease site, with the 4th quartile classified as delayed. Multivariable logistic regression for delayed IIT was performed for each disease site using clinical and demographic covariates. Differences in magnitude of delay between subsets of patients stratified by race and insurance status were evaluated using two-sample t-tests. RESULTS: Among patients (n = 350,425) treated with IMRT between 2004 and 2017, non-Hispanic Black (NHB), Hispanic, and Asian patients were significantly more likely to have delayed IIT with IMRT for nearly all disease sites compared with non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients. NHB, Hispanic, and Asian patients had significantly longer median IIT than NHW patients (NHB 87 days, P < .01; Hispanic 76 days, P < .01; Asian 74 days, P < .01; and NHW 67 days). NHW, Hispanic, and Asian patients with private insurance had shorter median IIT than those with Medicare (P < .01); however, NHB patients with private insurance had longer IIT than those with Medicare (P < .01). CONCLUSION: Delays in initiation of IMRT in NHB, Hispanic, and Asian patients may contribute to the known differences in cancer outcomes and warrant further investigation, particularly to further clarify the role of different insurance policies in delays in advanced modality radiotherapy.

Socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms: An individual-participant data meta-analysis on range restriction and measurement in the United States.

INTRODUCTION: The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and depressive symptoms is well documented, yet less attention has been paid to the methodological factors contributing to between-study variability. We examined the moderating role of range restriction and the depressive-symptom measurement instrument used in estimating the correlation between components of SES and depressive symptoms. METHODS: We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis of nationally-representative, public-access datasets in the United States. We identified 123 individual datasets with a total of 1,655,991 participants (56.8 % female, mean age = 40.33). RESULTS: The presence of range restriction was associated with larger correlations between income and depressive symptoms and with smaller correlations between years of education and depressive symptoms. The measurement instrument of depressive symptoms moderated the association for income, years of education, and occupational status/prestige. The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale consistently produced larger correlations. Higher measurement reliability was also associated with larger correlations. LIMITATIONS: This study was not a comprehensive review of all measurement instruments of depressive symptoms, focused on datasets from the United States, and did not examine the moderating role of sample characteristics. DISCUSSION: Methodological characteristics, including range restriction of SES and instrument of depressive symptoms, meaningfully influence the observed magnitude of association between SES and depressive symptoms. Clinicians and researchers designing future studies should consider which instrument of depressive symptoms is suitable for their purpose and population.

The COMPASS study: A prospective, randomized, multi-center trial testing the impact of a clinic-based intervention informing patients of colorectal cancer screening options on screening completion.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is underutilized despite evidence that screening improves survival. Since healthcare provider recommendation is a strong predictor of CRC screening completion, providers are encouraged to engage eligible patients in collaborative decision-making that attends to patients' values, needs, and preferences for guideline-concordant screening modalities. METHODS: This three-arm randomized controlled trial is testing the effectiveness of an evidence-based video intervention informing patients of screening choices delivered in a clinic prior to a healthcare appointment. We hypothesize that participants randomized to watch a basic video describing CRC and screening in addition to an informed choice video showing the advantages and disadvantages of fecal immunochemical test (FIT), stool DNA FIT (s-DNA FIT), and colonoscopy (Arm 3) will exhibit a greater proportion of time adherent to CRC screening guidelines after 1, 3 and 6 years than those who only watch the basic video (Arm 2) or no video at all (Arm 1). Primary care and Obstetrician/Gynecology clinics across the United States are recruiting 5280 patients, half who have never been screened and half who previously screened but are currently not guideline adherent. Participants complete surveys prior to and following an index appointment to self-report personal, cognitive, and environmental factors potentially associated with screening. Proportion of time adherent to screening guidelines will be assessed using medical record data and supplemented with annual surveys self-reporting screening. CONCLUSION: Results will provide evidence on the effectiveness of informational and motivational videos to encourage CRC screening that can be easily integrated into clinical practice. CLINICALTRIALS: gov #NCT05246839.