Study of Streptococcus mutans in Early Biofilms at the Surfaces of Various Dental Composite Resins.

BACKGROUND: Biofilm deposit on the composite restoration is a common phenomenon and bacterial growth follows the deposition. The study aims to evaluate Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) early biofilm formation on the surfaces of various dental composite resins by using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two discs, where eight discs were in each group of Filtek Supreme Ultra (FSU; 3M, St. Paul, MN), Clearfil AP-X (APX; Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Tokyo, Japan), Beautifil II (BE2; Shofu, Inc., Kyoto, Japan), and Estelite Sigma Quick (ESQ; Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan), were fabricated and subjected to S. mutans biofilm formation in an oral biofilm reactor for 12 hours. Contact angles (CA) were measured on the freshly fabricated specimen. The attached biofilms underwent fluorescent microscopy (FM). S. mutans from biofilms were analyzed using a qPCR technique. Surface roughness (Sa) measurements were taken before and after biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), including energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) analysis, was also performed for detecting relative elements on biofilms. RESULTS: The study showed that FSU demonstrated the lowest CA while APX presented the highest values. FM revealed that condensed biofilm clusters were most on FSU. The qPCR results indicated the highest S. mutans DNA copies in the biofilm were on FSU while BE2 was the lowest (p < 0.05). Sa test signified that APX was significantly the lowest among all materials while FSU was the highest (p < 0.05). SEM displayed areas with apparently glucan-free S. mutans more on BE2 compared to APX and ESQ, while FSU had the least. Small white particles detected predominantly on the biofilms of BE2 appeared to be Si, Al, and F extruded from the resin. CONCLUSION: Differences in early biofilm formation onto various composite resins are dependent on the differences in material compositions and their surface properties. BE2 showed the lowest quantity of biofilm accumulation compared to other resin composites (APX, ESQ, and FSU). This could be attributed to BE2 proprieties as a giomer and fluoride content.

Inquérito epidemiológico em população idosa (parte II): saúde bucal, ansiedade, depressão, estresse e uso de medicamentos / Epidemiological survey in elderly people (II): oral health, anxiety, depression, stress, and drug utilization

Objetivos: Investigar as correlações existentes entre saúde bucal, ansiedade, depressão, estresse, alterações cognitivas e uso de medicamentos em idosos. Métodos: Os dados foram coletados em domicílio, por meio de questionários sobre dados sociodemográficos e uso de medicações; exames bucais para investigar o índice de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados; e instrumentos para avaliar a presença de distúrbios psicossociais. Os seguintes instrumentos foram aplicados: Mini Exame do Estado Mental (alterações cognitivas), Escala de Katz (grau de dependência), Inventário de Depressão de Beck, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (depressão), Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (ansiedade) e Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para adultos de Lipp (estresse). Também se investigou a quantidade de remédios usados. Foi realizada análise descritiva e teste de correlação de Spearman. Resultados: Foram incluídos 37 idosos com idade média de 73,41 anos. O índice CPO-D médio foi 25,38. Dos 37 idosos, 21,6% foram classificados com depressão leve/moderada, 45,9% apresentavam ansiedade, 78,4% tinham comprometimento cognitivo e 54,1% tinham polifarmácia menor. Foram encontradas correlações estatisticamente significativas de forma positiva e moderada entre idade e saúde bucal; de forma negativa moderada entre idade e alterações cognitivas; e de forma positiva forte entre depressão e estresse resistência e entre ansiedade e estresse resistência. Conclusões: Saúde bucal, ansiedade, depressão, estresse e medicação foram fatores correlacionados na amostra de idosos estudada.

Aims: To investigate the correlation between oral health, anxiety, depression, stress, cognitive impairment, and use of medications in the elderly. Methods: Data were collected using household survey questionnaires on sociodemographic variables and use of medications; oral examinations for detection of decayed, missing, and filled teeth; and questionnaires to verify the presence of psychosocial disorders. The following instruments were applied: mini-mental state examination (cognitive impairment), Katz scale (index of independence), Beck depression inventory, geriatric depression scale (depression), Beck anxiety inventory (anxiety), and Lipp's stress symptom inventory for adults (stress). The quantity of medication used was also investigated. A descriptive analysis and Spearman's correlation test were performed. Results: Thirty-seven elderly individuals, mean age of 73.41 years, were included in the study. The mean DMFT index was 25.38. Mild to moderate depression was detected in 21.6%, anxiety in 45.9%, cognitive impairment in 78.4%, and lower polypharmacy rates in 54.1%. Age and oral health showed a moderate statistically significant positive correlation; age and cognitive impairment revealed a moderate negative correlation; and there was a strong and positive correlation between depression and the resistance stage of stress and between anxiety and the resistance stage of stress. Conclusions: There was correlation between oral health, anxiety, depression, stress, and medication in the investigated elderly sample.

Relationship Between Mother's Sense of Coherence and Oral Health of Babies aged 6-36 Months: A Pilot Study

Objective: To evaluate the association between oral health of babies aged 6-36 months and the Mother's Sense of Coherence (SOC). Material and Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted in the city of Diamantina -MG with a convenience sample of 32 mothers and their babies, attended at the Dental Clinic for Babies at the Federal University of the Vales do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri. The survey included the filling of dental records of babies, a questionnaire given to the mothers about sociodemographic and oral hygiene of their babies, and self-administered SOC-13. Babies were submitted to a clinical intra-oral examination for the detection of dental caries and initial lesions according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Data were analyzed by the t test and Pearson's correlation (p<0.05). The size effect calculation proposed by Cohen was used to test the clinical significance of results. Results: The prevalence of dental caries was 40.0%. Maternal SOC had a variation between 35 and 59, with mean score of 47.7 (SD = 6.09). The monthly family income was more than two minimum wages for 51.6% of families. There was no statistically significant association between dental caries and maternal SOC (p = 0.646). Regarding monthly family income, there was a statistically significant association with maternal SOC (p = 0.005). Maternal SOC was also significantly associated with nocturnal oral hygiene of babies (p = 0.008). Conclusion: The mother's sense of coherence was not associated with dental caries and was associated with nocturnal oral hygiene of babies and with family monthly income.

Inquérito epidemiológico em saúde bucal e fatores psicossociais em idosos ­ um estudo piloto / Epidemiological survey on oral health and psychosocial factors in the elderly ­ a pilot study

Objetivos: Realizar um levantamento epidemiológico da saúde bucal e fatores psicossociais associados abrangendo indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com a população-alvo constituída de idosos. Foi selecionada uma amostra representativa do município de Diamantina, estado de Minas Gerais, composta por pessoas com mais de 60 anos, cadastradas nos postos da Estratégia Saúde da Família da zona rural e urbana do município. Os dados foram coletados em domicílio, por meio de exames bucais realizados por um único examinador, treinado e calibrado, e de questionários. Foi investigado o índice CPOD (média de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados em um grupo de indivíduos), assim como dados sociodemográficos. Também foram obtidos dados sobre qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal, locus de controle de saúde, consumo de álcool e drogas na senescência. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise descritiva e ao teste de correlação de Spearman. O nível de significância adotado foi de ≤5%. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 37 idosos com idade média de 73,41±7,25 anos. O índice CPOD encontrado foi de 25,38±5,18. Houve correlação estatisticamente significante entre maior pontuação no domínio limitação funcional e maior idade, maior locus externo e maior locus ao acaso, aumento na limitação funcional e diminuição da renda, maior pontuação no domínio limitação funcional e maior locus interno, maior índice CPOD e menor pontuação no domínio incapacidade social. Conclusões: Pelo presente estudo concluiu-se que a qualidade de vida, locus de controle de saúde e índice CPOD são fatores diretamente correlacionados em idosos. Enfatiza-se a importância da atuação de profissionais de saúde e, mais especificamente, de saúde bucal, na promoção de um envelhecimento saudável.

Aims: To conduct an epidemiological survey on oral health and psychosocial factors in individuals aged 60 years or older. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with elderly individuals as the target population. A representative sample of Diamantina, a town in Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil, was used. The sample consisted of individuals aged over 60 years registered at Family Health Strategy units in the rural and urban areas of Diamantina. Data were collected at home by means of oral examinations performed by a single trained and calibrated examiner, and through questionnaires. The decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index and sociodemographic data were investigated. Data on oral health-related quality of life, health locus of control, and use of alcohol and drugs in old age were also obtained. Results: Thirty-seven elderly individuals with a mean age of 73.41±7.25 years were interviewed. The average DMFT index was equal to 25.38±5.18. There was a statistically significant correlation between functional limitations and age, external locus and random locus, functional limitation and income, functional limitation and internal locus, and DMFT index and social disability. Conclusions: It can be concluded that quality of life, health locus of control, and DMFT index are correlated factors in the elderly. Health professionals should act in seeking to promote healthy aging.