A structured laughter yoga therapy program on patients with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: A randomized clinical trial.

Objetive: Chemotherapy is a prevalent cancer treatment, often accompanied by debilitating side effects such as nausea and vomiting. This study explores the potential effectiveness of laughter yoga, a combination of exercise and voluntary laughter, in alleviating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Methods: This two-group randomized clinical trial was conducted on 69 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at the Reza Chemotherapy and Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran, in 2018. Patients were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Both groups received routine self-care training, with the addition of four 20-min to 30-min laughter yoga sessions held immediately before one of their chemotherapy appointments for the intervention group only. Nausea and vomiting were assessed using the Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis questionnaire at two stages, before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with Chi-square, Independent-t, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and McNemar tests using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The mean age of patients in the intervention group was 49.0 ± 9.6 years, while in the control group, it was 45.2 ± 12.6 years. The intragroup comparison showed a statistically significant decrease in the severity and duration of nausea in the intervention group and a statistically significant increase in the severity and duration of nausea in the control group from pre-test to post-test (P < 0.05). The intergroup comparison showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of vomiting conditions. Conclusions: Laughter yoga demonstrates promise in improving chemotherapy-induced nausea, suggesting its potential recommendation for managing this distressing side effect. Further research is warranted to explore its broader application in cancer care. Trial registration: This study (No. IRCT20180429039463N1) was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on 21/08/2018.

Nurses' Experience of Occupational Alienation in the Clinical Setting: A Content Analysis.

Background: Job alienation of nurses leads to adverse consequences such as occupational dysfunction and low quality of health-care services provided by these individuals to patients. This study aimed to explain nurses' experience of occupational alienation in the clinical setting. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the content analysis method. Data were collected via 18 in-depth and semistructured interviews from nurses working in the hospitals in Sabzevar, Iran. The participants were selected via purposive sampling and continued till data saturation. The obtained data were simultaneously analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis. Results: The qualitative analysis of data content led to the extraction of the themes that reflected the nurses' experience of occupational alienation in the clinical environment. After the transcription of each interview, the obtained data were broken down into codes in the form of sentences and paragraphs related to the main concept. The codes were reviewed several times and the relevant semantic unit codes were written down and classified based on conceptual and semantic similarity. Qualitative data analysis led to the emergence of 260 initial codes, 120 subcategories, 30 main categories, and 6 themes. Finally, the main theme of the "nursing gradual separation from caring and clinical aspect" was extracted. Conclusions: According to the results, occupational alienation reduces the quality of patient care, weakens nurses, and reduces the continuity of their effective and active presence in the provision of care services and clinical decision-making. Therefore, managerial and organizational interventions are required to address this issue.

The Effect of Peer Teaching on the Quality of Report Writing Based on the Nursing Process.

Background: Considering the importance of report writing and its problems, different teaching methods can be used to improve nurses' knowledge and performance, among which is peer teaching. This study aimed to determine the effect of peer teaching on the quality of report writing based on the nursing process. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study examined 60 nurses working in the surgical and cardiac wards of Razavi Hospital in Mashhad during 2019. These wards randomly assigned to intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. For 2 weeks, report writing teaching was implemented for the intervention group based on the nursing process through peer teaching. The control group routinely performed report writing. At the beginning and end of the study, we reviewed nursing reports of both groups using a valid and reliable checklist. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance with repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of scores of report writing quality in structure, content dimensions, and the total scores (p > 0.05). After the intervention, the mean score changes were significantly higher in the structure (Mean Difference (MD) = 4.99, 95%CI: 1. 26-8.72, p < 0.010), content (MD = 8.11, 95%CI: 4.91-11.31, p < 0.001), and the total quality of report writing (MD = 7.54, CI: 4.56-10.53, p < 0.010) in the intervention group than the control group. Conclusions: Peer teaching improved the nurses' quality of report writing. The teaching planners are recommended to use this method to train nursing staff.

The Effect of Mother-Infant Skin to Skin Contact after Birth on Third Stage of Labor: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: One of the causes of postpartum hemorrhage is prolongation of third stage of labor. Mother-infant skin to skin contact (SSC) immediately after delivery is one of the non-pharmacological interventions to reduce this stage. Studies which assessed the effect of mother-infant SSC after delivery on duration of the third stage of labor reported controversial results on this issue. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of mother-infant SSC immediately after birth on the duration of third stage of labor. METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, SID, Magiran IranDoc and Google Scholar were searched from 2000 to 2018, using the keywords related to the objectives of this review to access randomized control trials published in Persian or English. The quality of papers was examined using Cochran's Risk of bias tool. Data was analyzed using Stata software. We used I2 index and Chi-square test to investigate heterogeneity and Egger's and Begg's tests to assess publications bias. Random effects model was used to combine the data. RESULTS: Six studies were entered into the meta-analysis. The third stage of labor in SSC group was shorter than that of control group with a mean difference of -1.33 and 95% CI (-2.31 to -0.36) and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.007). CONCLUSION: Mother-infant SSC decreases the duration of third stage of labor. Therefore, the current study provides some evidences to use this non-pharmacological method in order to accelerate the third stage of labor and ultimately prevent postpartum hemorrhage.

Faculty-Student Caring Interaction in Nursing Education: An Integrative Review.

Introduction: Faculty- student caring relationship in nursing education has been offered as enhancing students' learning experiences to care , desire to care for others and self-actu-alization. This review therefore was carried out to analyze faculty-student caring interactions in nursing education. Methods: This concept analysis of caring in the nursing education was conducted based on Broom methodology of integrative review. The literature was consisted of two books from two known theorists, and 47 relevant articles. They retrieved from English data bases including MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, SCOPUS, and SID, with based on the keywords of caring and "nursing education", during the period 2005-2014. Results: Caring in nursing education refers to faculty-student interaction based on ethical and human values. The development of values and moral principles in education, flexibility in educational processes, application of objective patterns in learning, and dynamism in educational processes are identified as caring concept attributes in teaching-learning process. This requires environmental support, constant human relationship, and knowing. Internalization of values, achieving self-esteem, peace, and towards human evolution were the main achievements of the concept of caring in nursing education. Conclusion: The details obtained from the dimensions of "caring" concept in this study could be utilized by nursing education researchers and designers in order to develop content and structure for educational programs.

Developing the concept of caring in nursing education.

BACKGROUND: Caring is a value-based concept in the nursing field and in education. Exact understanding of caring in education and developing this concept in nursing will result in the evolution of the position of nursing science and profession. AIM: The aim of this study was to attempt to develop the concept of caring in nursing education. METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted in 2016 using directed content analysis. Participants were thirteen subjects (6 instructors and 7 senior and junior nursing students) who were selected using purposeful sampling method. Research environment was the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery in Mashhad. Data collection method was semi-structured interviews for thirty to ninety minutes and sampling continued until data saturation. Interviews were conducted in Persian language and they were immediately transcribed and analyzed using MAXDA10 software. The text of interviews was reviewed several times. First, open codes were extracted, and after several reviews based on similarity in meaning, they were classified into subcategories and finally, similar subcategories were placed in main classes based on meaning. RESULTS: Results of this study led to the identification of four themes: 1, ethical and religious commitment, 2, development of knowing and cultural sensitivity, 3, soft assertion, 4, clear describing of objectives, expectations, and educational rules for students. CONCLUSION: Results of this study showed that the cultural and religious background of instructors affects their interaction with students. Instructors' commitment and compliance to values in interacting with students and other educational colleagues has an origin beyond ethical and human subjects and it is originated from their religious education and training.

Bacterial assessment of food handlers in Sari City, Mazandaran Province, north of Iran.

Food handlers with poor personal hygiene could be potential sources of infection due to pathogenic bacteria. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of bacterial infestation among the food handlers attending the public health center laboratory in Sari, northern Iran for annual check-up. This study was performed from September 2013 to August 2014. Stool samples, fingernail specimens of both hands and nasal swabs were collected from 220 male and female food handlers of different jobs, aged between 17-65 years. The samples were cultured on bacteriological culture media and bacterial species were identified following standard procedures. A structured questionnaire was used to record sociodemographic and behavioral data analysis of the food handlers. Of the total 220 subjects examined, 62.2% showed positive culture for different bacterial species from their fingernail contents, 65.4% were found to be harboring Staphylococcus aureus in their nostrils and 0.9% tested positive for Shigella boydii from stool samples. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant bacteria isolated from fingernail specimens (46%), followed by Escherichia coli (29.2%), Coliforms (18.2%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.6%). This study showed a statistically significant difference in the rate of bacterial infestation between different occupational categories (p=0.04). Butchers showed the highest prevalence of bacteria (86.6%) in their fingernail contents, followed by fast food workers (76.5%), bakers (73.5%), chicken store workers (73%), school cafeterias staff (53.3%), restaurant workers (46.9%) and fruit/vegetables sellers (42.5%). The highest rate of nasal carrier for Staphylococcus aureus was observed among chicken store workers 14/17(20.8%). These findings indicate the need for intensive training/retraining and health education of all food service employees and strengthening the existing screening methods to control the problem of bacterial infestation in food handlers.

Principle-based concept analysis: Caring in nursing education.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this principle-based concept analysis was to analyze caring in nursing education and to explain the current state of the science based on epistemologic, pragmatic, linguistic, and logical philosophical principles. METHODS: A principle-based concept analysis method was used to analyze the nursing literature. The dataset included 46 English language studies, published from 2005 to 2014, and they were retrieved through PROQUEST, MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, SCOPUS, and SID scientific databases. The key dimensions of the data were collected using a validated data-extraction sheet. The four principles of assessing pragmatic utility were used to analyze the data. The data were managed by using MAXQDA 10 software. RESULTS: The scientific literature that deals with caring in nursing education relies on implied meaning. Caring in nursing education refers to student-teacher interactions that are formed on the basis of human values and focused on the unique needs of the students (epistemological principle). The result of student-teacher interactions is the development of both the students and the teachers. Numerous applications of the concept of caring in nursing education are available in the literature (pragmatic principle). There is consistency in the meaning of the concept, as a central value of the faculty-student interaction (linguistic principle). Compared with other related concepts, such as "caring pedagogy," "value-based education," and "teaching excellence," caring in nursing education does not have exact and clear conceptual boundaries (logic principle). CONCLUSION: Caring in nursing education was identified as an approach to teaching and learning, and it is formed based on teacher-student interactions and sustainable human values. A greater understanding of the conceptual basis of caring in nursing education will improve the caring behaviors of teachers, create teaching-learning environments, and help experts in curriculum development.