RESUMEN
This study purposes to examine the distribution of A2A2 alleles in herds of Curraleiro Pé-Duro (CPD) cattle and test association patterns with geographical and municipal development data. Eight CPD herds were selected from the municipalities of Tocantins State, Brazil. The frequency of the A1 and A2 allele was 40.0 and 60.0%, and the frequencies of genotypes A1A1, A1A2, and A2A2 were 20.0, 39.0, and 41.0%, respectively. Correlation estimates supported that the preferred genotype (A2A2) was mostly present in the relatively higher developed mesoregion (West) (P < 0.05). However, genotypic frequencies varied at random according to human population of municipalities and human development index (P > 0.05). The evaluation of the variability of the ß-casein gene polymorphism, coupled with spatially explicit methods (spatial autocorrelation, mantel test, and interpolation procedures), revealed some level of spatial dependency. The results suggest that the production of A2A2 milk in indigenous CPD cattle is feasible. This will depend on the adoption of selection schemes.
Asunto(s)
Caseínas , Polimorfismo Genético , Bovinos/genética , Humanos , Animales , Caseínas/genética , Leche , Genotipo , AlelosRESUMEN
Leptospira spp. and Brucella abortus are bacterial pathogens that can infect humans and animals. The present study aimed to detect anti-Leptospira and anti-B. abortus antibodies and verified the presence of factors associated with seropositivity in cats. One hundred and eighty serum samples were collected from domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) from the urban area of the municipality of Araguaína-Tocantins by phlebocentesis of the cephalic and jugular veins. The samples were subjected to detection of anti-Leptospira and anti-B.abortus antibodies, respectively, by microscopic seroagglutination and buffered acidified antigen testing, followed by confirmation by the 2-mercaptoethanol test and slow seroagglutination in tubes. Data from the epidemiological questionnaire (the age, sex, origin, breed, and presence of clinical signs) were analyzed using Epi Info® software with seropositivity data found to search for associated factors using the chi-square test. In the present study, the prevalence of Leptospira spp. was 5.56% (10/180). However, no sample was reactive to B. abortus. None of the studied variables were associated with seropositivity for the pathogens evaluated. Therefore, there is contact between Leptospira spp. and the feline population of the municipality, indicating the possibility of the circulation of pathogenic serovars and that the presence of anti-Leptospira antibodies does not depend on the variables analyzed.
Leptospira spp. e Brucella abortus são patógenos bacterianos que podem infectar humanos e animais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo detectar anticorpos anti-Leptospira e anti-B.abortus e verificar a presença de fatores associados com a soropositividade em gatos. Foram coletadas 180 amostras de soro de gatos domésticos (Felis silvestris catus) da zona urbana do município de Araguaína-Tocantins por flebocentese das veias cefálica e jugular. As amostras foram submetidas à detecção de anticorpos anti-Leptospira e anti-B. abortus, respectivamente, por soroaglutinação microscópica e teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado, seguido de confirmação pelo teste de 2-mercaptoetanol e soroaglutinação lenta em tubos. Os dados do questionário epidemiológico (idade, sexo, procedência, raça e presença de sinais clínicos) foram analisados no software Epi Info® com os dados de soropositividade encontrados para pesquisa de fatores associados pelo teste do qui-quadrado. No presente estudo, a prevalência de Leptospira spp. foi de 5,56% (10/180). No entanto, nenhuma amostra foi reativa para B. abortus. Nenhuma das variáveis estudadas foi associada com a soropositividade para os patógenos avaliados. Portanto, há contato entre Leptospiraspp. e a população felina do município, indicando a possibilidade de circulação de sorovares patogênicos e que a presença de anticorpos anti-Leptospira independe das variáveis analisadas.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Gatos , Brucelosis/veterinaria , Gatos/inmunología , Leptospira , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos , Brucella , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
At present, there is a concern about the quality of milk and diseases related to its consumption, as it can generate discomfort and allergic reactions in some individuals due to its protein components. Thus, the present study was developed to identify the allele and genotype frequencies of genes for ß-casein, A1 and A2, in dairy herds in the region of Araguaína-TO, Brazil. Genetic material from 421 animals (crossbred dairy cattle in lactation) was used. All animals were numbered for identification, and DNA samples were extracted from hair bulbs. Samples for two markers from the polymorphic regions were characterized and confirmed by real-time PCR using the ABI Prism® 7500 Sequence Detection System (Applied Biosystems). Allele and genotype frequencies were determined using the TaqMan™ detection system, where the primer and probe release different fluorescence signals for each allele of the polymorphism. The sampled herd showed frequencies of 28.27% for the A1 allele and 71.73% for the A2 allele. Genotype frequencies were 52.96% (223/421) for A2A2; 37.53% (158/421) for the A1A2 genotype; and 9.50% (40/421) for the A1A1 genotype. The frequency of the A1 allele for ß-casein in dairy herds from the northern region of Tocantins was low and is per the results of previous studies. Although the A2A2 genotype of ß-casein had a high relative frequency, the A1A2 genotype is still rather frequent, warranting greater selection pressure.(AU)
Atualmente existe uma preocupação em relação à qualidade e doenças que estão relacionadas ao consumo de leite, pois o mesmo pode gerar desconfortos e reações alergicas em alguns indivíduos devido aos seus constituintes protéicos. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar a frequência alélica e genotípica de genes para beta caseína, A1 e A2, em rebanhos leiteiros da região de Araguaína-TO. Foram utilizados material genético de 421 animais (bovinos leiteiros mestiços em lactação), e todos os animais foram numerados para identificação e amostras de DNA foram extraídas de bulbo de folículos pilosos. As amostras para dois marcadores das regiões polimórficas foram caracterizadas e confirmadas por PCR em tempo real, usando um sistema de detecção de sequências ABI Prism® 7500 (Applied Biosystems). As frequências alélicas e genotípicas foram determinadas utilizando o sistema de detecção TaqMan ™, no qual o primer e a sonda emitem diferentes sinais de fluorescência para cada alelo do polimorfismo. Observou-se frequência do alelo A1 de 28,27%, e do alelo A2 de 71,73% no rebanho amostral. A frequência genotípica de A2A2 foi de 52,96% (223/421), com genótipo A1A2 de 37,53% (158/421), e de 9,50% (40/421) animais com genótipo A1A1. A frequência do alelo A1 para beta-caseína em rebanhos leiteiros da região norte do Tocantins foi baixa e seguiu a mesma tendência já observada em estudos anteriores. Os genótipos A2A2 da beta-caseína apresentaram frequência relativa alta, entretanto o genótipo A1A2 ainda é bastante frequente, necessitando de maior pressão de seleção.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Caseínas/administración & dosificación , Leche/química , Alelos , Ganado/genética , Genotipo , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
The current study evaluated the anthelmintic effect of different extracts of Leucaena leucocephala, Parkia platycephala, and Senna alata on trichostrongylid eggs and infective larvae and determined the potential active components of each plant. Dried and macerated plant material was concentrated using rotaevaporation to obtain the crude extract (CE), followed by solvent partitioning to obtain hexanic (HexE), acetatic (AcE), and butanolic (BuE) extracts used for phytochemical analysis and anthelmintic efficacy testing in vitro. All the crude and partitioned extracts tested showed inhibition activity in the hatching of trichostrongylid eggs. Larvicidal efficacy was observed at CE concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/mL for P. platycephala and S. alata. However, L. leucocephala CE did not significantly reduce the number of living larvae in the tested concentrations. Chromatographic analysis revealed several active metabolites; gallic acid, ellagic acid, naringin, morin, and kaempferol on AcE of P. platycephala; gallic acid, rutin, and ellagic acid on BuE of P. platycephala; and gallic acid and naringin on BuE of L. leucocephala. The extracts of P. platycephala, L. leucocephala, and S. alata leaves showed egg hatching inhibition and larvicidal activity, probably produced by tannins and flavonoids, which may act alone or by synergism.
RESUMEN
Abstract Platynosomiasis is a hepatopathy caused by Platynosomum illiciens(= P. fastosum) (Trematoda: Dicrocoelidae), which occurs mainly in domestic and wild cats in tropical and subtropical areas. The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of P. illiciens infection in domestic cats in the city of Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil, using necropsy and coproparasitological tests. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate the use of two different techniques to diagnose P. illiciens infection in domestic cats and verify whether this parasitism was associated with individual feline characteristics. For this, 54 cats of different ages were analyzed. The percentage of infection was 33.3% (CI = 21.1-47.5%), parasite load was 9-509, mean intensity was 151.7, and mean abundance was 50.5 trematodes per animal. The risk of infection was higher for females than for males (OR = 5.00; P = 0.017). The spontaneous sedimentation coproparasitological test demonstrated the greatest sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing P. illiciens. This study is the first to report the occurrence of P. illiciens in cats in the state of Tocantins, northern Brazil.
Resumo A platinosomose é uma hepatopatia causada por Platynosomum illiciens(= P. fastosum) (Trematoda: Dicrocoelidae), que ocorre principalmente em felinos domésticos e selvagens de áreas tropicais e subtropicais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a ocorrência de P. illiciens em gatos domésticos do município de Araguaína, Tocantins, Brasil, por meio de necrópsia e exames coproparasitológicos, bem como avaliar o uso de diferentes técnicas no diagnóstico de P. illiciens em gatos domésticos e verificar a associação da parasitose com características individuais dos felinos. O estudo foi realizado em 54 gatos com diferentes idades, machos e fêmeas. O percentual de infecção foi de 33,3% (IC= 21,1% - 47,5%), a carga parasitária observada foi de 09-509, a intensidade média de 151,7 e a abundância média de 50,5 trematódeos por animal. As fêmeas apresentaram maior chance de infecção do que os machos (OR=5,00; P=0,017). O teste coproparasitológico que demonstrou maior sensibilidade e especificidade foi o de sedimentação espontânea. O presente estudo faz o primeiro relato da ocorrência de P. illiciens em gatos no estado do Tocantins, região Norte do Brasil.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Gatos , Trematodos/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Trematodos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Parasitosis Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Trematodos/clasificación , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología , Infecciones por Trematodos/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Heces/parasitología , Parasitosis Hepáticas/parasitología , Parasitosis Hepáticas/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Platynosomiasis is a hepatopathy caused by Platynosomum illiciens(= P. fastosum) (Trematoda: Dicrocoelidae), which occurs mainly in domestic and wild cats in tropical and subtropical areas. The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of P. illiciens infection in domestic cats in the city of Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil, using necropsy and coproparasitological tests. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate the use of two different techniques to diagnose P. illiciens infection in domestic cats and verify whether this parasitism was associated with individual feline characteristics. For this, 54 cats of different ages were analyzed. The percentage of infection was 33.3% (CI = 21.1-47.5%), parasite load was 9-509, mean intensity was 151.7, and mean abundance was 50.5 trematodes per animal. The risk of infection was higher for females than for males (OR = 5.00; P = 0.017). The spontaneous sedimentation coproparasitological test demonstrated the greatest sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing P. illiciens. This study is the first to report the occurrence of P. illiciens in cats in the state of Tocantins, northern Brazil.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Parasitosis Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Trematodos/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Trematodos/diagnóstico , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Gatos , Heces/parasitología , Femenino , Parasitosis Hepáticas/epidemiología , Parasitosis Hepáticas/parasitología , Masculino , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Trematodos/clasificación , Infecciones por Trematodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitologíaAsunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/veterinaria , Población Rural , Población Urbana , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Factores de Riesgo , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta , Enfermedades de los Perros/sangre , Leishmaniasis Visceral/sangre , Leishmaniasis Visceral/epidemiologíaAsunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/veterinaria , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/sangre , Perros , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta , Leishmaniasis Visceral/sangre , Leishmaniasis Visceral/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Población Rural , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Población UrbanaRESUMEN
Considerando a importância da técnica histológica na sexagem de quelônios e os poucos trabalhos direcionados para esta técnica, é proposto neste estudo caracterizar morfometricamente e histologicamente as gônadas de P. expansa e P. unifilis. Todos os espécimes utilizados neste trabalho foram procedentes do rio Javaés, entorno do Parque Nacional do Araguaia, Estado do Tocantins, Brasil. Após estudo sob estereomicroscópio, foram coletadas as gônadas para o procedimento histológico de rotina. Foram analisadas 187 amostras de P. expansa, das quais 81,2% foram identificadas como fêmeas e 18,7% como machos; e 98 de P. unifilis, das quais 31,6% eram fêmeas e 68,4% machos. Não foram verificadas diferenças microscópicas relevantes na sexagem entre estas espécies. Os critérios utilizados no diagnóstico microscópico foram principalmente a morfologia das gônadas, a presença do apêndice no oviduto remanescente, a morfologia do oviduto e as características das células de revestimento dos folículos e túbulos seminíferos. Quando comparadas as medidas biométricas dos ovários e testículos, somente foram observadas diferenças para a largura.
Considering the importance of the histological sexing technique of turtles and the few works directed to this objective, it was proposed in this study to morphometrically and histologically characterize the gonads of P. unifilis and P. expansa. All specimens used in this work originated in the Javaés river, around the Araguaia National Park, Tocantins State, Brazil. Following a study under a stereoscope, the gonads were collected for the routine histological procedure. A total of 187 samples of P. expansa were analyzed, of which 81.2% were identified as female and 18.7% as male; as well as 98 P. unifilis samples, of which 31.6% were female and 68.4% males. No relevant microscopic differences were verified in the sexing between these species. The criteria used in the microscopically diagnosis were primarily gonad morphology, presence of the appendix in the remaining oviduct, oviduct morphology and the characteristics of covering cells of the follicles and somniferous tubules. When the measurements of the ovaries and testicles were compared, only differences in width were observed.