Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Limonene in the Prevention and Control of Injuries in the Respiratory System: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: The pulmonary inflammatory response results from exposure to injurious factors and is associated with oxidative stress, which intensifies the pathological reaction. In this context, limonene, a monoterpene found in citrus fruits, can be a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of this pathology, as it presents known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the anti-inflammatory activity of limonene and its capacity to prevent and control respiratory system injuries. SEARCH STRATEGY: A comprehensive literature search of the Cochrane, Scopus, MEDLINE-PubMed, Web of Science, and Lilacs databases was performed using the keywords: "limonene", "lung", "pulmonary", "airway", "trachea", "lung injury", "respiratory system", "respiratory tract diseases". SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies on the use of limonene in disorders of the respiratory system, published until August 2019, were included. Those that did not use limonene alone or treated lesions in different systems other than the respiratory system, without targeting its anti-inflammatory action were excluded. In addition, review articles, meta-analyses, abstracts, conference papers, editorials/letters and case reports were also excluded. RESULTS: Of the 561 articles found, 64 were in the Cochrane database, 235 in Scopus, 99 in Web of science, 150 in PubMed and 13 in Lilacs. After completing the systematic steps, 25 articles were selected for full reading, after which 7 papers remained in the review. An article was added after a manual literature search, resulting in a total of 8 papers. There was a high level of agreement on inclusion/exclusion among the researchers who examined the papers (Kappa index > 88%). CONCLUSION: Limonene has effective anti-inflammatory activity in both preventing and controlling respiratory system injuries.

Impact of recombinant Drosophila S2 cell population enrichment on expression of rabies virus glycoprotein.

Recombinant Drosophila S2 cells have been used for the expression of many proteins of medical interest. However, membrane-attached glycoproteins, which commonly exhibit lower expression levels compared to soluble proteins, may require special procedures in order to attain high levels of expression. In this study, two S2 cell population enrichment methods (antibiotic and immunomagnetic selection) were evaluated for their ability to enhance expression of the membrane-anchored rabies virus glycoprotein (RVGP). Quantification of RVGP production and determination of its cDNA copy number in transformed cells showed that both enrichment methods increased RVGP expression without significantly affecting its gene copy number. More interestingly, RVGP mRNA levels measured after cycloheximide treatment were poorly correlated with glycoprotein levels. Both enrichment methods enhanced expression of RVGP by recombinant S2 cells, with the highest level of expression achieved using immunomagnetic selection.