Using Image Analysis Technique for Predicting Light Lamb Carcass Composition.

Over the years, numerous techniques have been explored to assess the composition and quality of sheep carcasses. This study focuses on the utilization of video image analysis (VIA) to evaluate the composition of light lamb carcasses (4.52 ± 1.34 kg, mean cold carcass weight ± SD). Photographic images capturing the lateral and dorsal sides of fifty-five light lamb carcasses were subjected to analysis. A comprehensive set of measurements was recorded, encompassing dimensions such as lengths, widths, angles, areas, and perimeters, totaling 21 measurements for the lateral view images and 29 for the dorsal view images. K-Folds stepwise multiple regression analyses were employed to construct prediction models for carcass tissue weights (including muscle, subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat, and bone) and their respective percentages. The most effective prediction equations were established using data from cold carcass weight (CCW) and measurements from both dorsal and lateral views. These models accounted for a substantial portion of the observed variation in the weights of all carcass tissues (with K-fold-R2 ranging from 0.83 to 0.98). In terms of carcass tissue percentages, although the degree of variation explained was slightly lower (with K-fold-R2 ranging from 0.41 to 0.78), the VIA measurements remained integral to the predictive models. These findings underscore the efficacy of VIA as an objective tool for assessing the composition of light lamb carcasses, which are carcasses weighing ≈ 4-8 kg.

Introducing Mediterranean Lupins in Lamb Diets: Effects on Carcass Composition, Meat Quality, and Intramuscular Fatty Acid Profile.

The objective of this preliminary study was to evaluate the effects of partial replacement of soybean meal by lupins on lambs' diets, on the carcass traits, meat characteristics, and meat fatty acid profile. Two trials were conducted: In trial 1, the soybean meal (control; C) was partially replaced by Lupinus albus or Lupinus luteus (50 g/kg; LA5 and LL5, respectively); in trial 2, lambs were fed four diets with graded levels of Lupinus luteus (0, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg; C, LL10, LL15, LL20, respectively). At the end of the feeding trials, animals were slaughtered to evaluate carcass characteristics and meat composition, including fatty acids. Carcass composition in tissues was not affected (p > 0.05) by diet in both trials. Additionally, no significant (p < 0.05) differences were observed in meat quality attributes between diets in trials 1 and 2. Overall, the Longissimus muscle's fatty acid content was not affected by diet (p > 0.05) in both trials. Carcass and meat quality was overall comparable between lambs fed with soybean meal and lupins, indicating the latter as a potential alternative protein source. However, the lack of significant differences could also be attributed to the small sample size.

Assessing the Feasibility of Using Kinect 3D Images to Predict Light Lamb Carcasses Composition from Leg Volume.

This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the leg volume obtained by the Microsoft Kinect sensor to predict the composition of light lamb carcasses. The trial was performed on carcasses of twenty-two male lambs (17.6 ± 1.8 kg, body weight). The carcasses were split into eight cuts, divided into three groups according to their commercial value: high-value, medium value, and low-value group. Linear, area, and volume of leg measurements were obtained to predict carcass and cuts composition. The leg volume was acquired by two different methodologies: 3D image reconstruction using a Microsoft Kinect sensor and Archimedes principle. The correlation between these two leg measurements was significant (r = 0.815, p < 0.01). The models to predict cuts and carcass traits that include leg Kinect 3D sensor volume are very good in predicting the weight of the medium value and leg cuts (R2 of 0.763 and 0.829, respectively). Furthermore, the model, which includes the Kinect leg volume, explained 85% of its variation for the carcass muscle. The results of this study confirm the good ability to estimate cuts and carcass traits of light lamb carcasses with leg volume obtained with the Kinect 3D sensor.

Evaluation of an Image Analysis Approach to Predicting Primal Cuts and Lean in Light Lamb Carcasses.

Carcass dissection is a more accurate method for determining the composition of a carcass; however, it is expensive and time-consuming. Techniques like VIA are of great interest once they are objective and able to determine carcass contents accurately. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of a flexible VIA system to determine the weight and yield of the commercial value of carcass cuts of light lamb. Photos from 55 lamb carcasses are taken and a total of 21 VIA measurements are assessed. The half-carcasses are divided into six primal cuts, grouped according to their commercial value: high-value (HVC), medium-value (MVC), low-value (LVC) and all of the cuts (AllC). K-folds cross-validation stepwise regression analyses are used to estimate the weights of the cuts in the groups and their lean meat yields. The models used to estimate the weight of AllC, HVC, MVC and LVC show similar results and a k-fold coefficient of determination (k-fold-R2) of 0.99 is achieved for the HVC and AllC predictions. The precision of the weight and yield of the three prediction models varies from low to moderate, with k-fold-R2 results between 0.186 and 0.530, p < 0.001. The prediction models used to estimate the total lean meat weight are similar and low, with k-fold-R2 results between 0.080 and 0.461, p < 0.001. The results confirm the ability of the VIA system to estimate the weights of parts and their yields. However, more research is needed on estimating lean meat yield.

A new interpretation of the human embryo drawings in Icones Embryonum Humanorum by Samuel Thomas Soemmerring.

In 1799, Samuel Thomas Soemmerring published the book Icones Embryonum Humanorum, which was one of the first attempts in history to sort out prenatal human development chronologically. Despite its importance for the anatomical sciences, there is little information about Icones. In this context, our objective was to identify and estimate the developmental age of the seven human embryos present in Icones Embryonum Humanorum by external morphological analysis and morphometry of the drawings using Image-J® software. First, the book was translated from Latin. Then, the developmental age was estimated by external morphological analysis and morphometry (greatest length) of the drawings using Image-J® software. The book is composed of 20 drawings of human embryos and fetuses from two life-size tables. According to the external features and morphometric analysis, there are seven embryos (drawings I-VII). The embryonic age (pf: post-fertilization age) of drawing I corresponds to day 29-31 pf; drawing II, to day 33-35 pf; drawing III, to day 37-40 pf; drawing IV, to day 42-45 pf; drawing V, to day 45-47 pf; drawing VI, today 47-50 pf; and drawing VII, to day 52-55 pf. There are differences between the development age estimated by Soemmerring and our analysis. These differences are probably due to the methodological and technical limitations of the eighteenth century.

Qualidade nutricional de dietas da moda veiculadas em revistas não científicas / Nutritional quality of fad diets in non-scientific journals

Objetivo: o presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a qualidade nutricional de cardápios de dietas da moda veiculadas nas revistas de circulação não cientificas "Malu" e "7 Dias com você". Métodos: tratou-se de um estudo quali-quantitativo que avaliou cardápios das revistas mencionadas anteriormente, publicadas entre 2015 e 2016. Para a análise do conteúdo nutricional, foi utilizado o software DietWin® para averiguar o valor energético, macronutrientes, o teor de fibra bruta e a quantidade de cálcio, ferro e folato; e para a análise qualitativa, utilizaram-se as recomendações do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira para oferta de frutas, hortaliças e a presença de alimentos ultraprocessados. Resultados: as dietas analisadas são hipocalóricas; os macronutrientes estão adequados segundo os intervalos de distribuição de macronutrientes para adultos, pois são deficientes em fibras, cálcio, folato e ferro. Em relação à Ingestão Dietética Recomendada, atendem às recomendações para o consumo de hortaliças, são inadequadas em relação ao consumo de frutas e prescrevem alimentos ultraprocessados. Conclusão: a inadequação do conteúdo nutricional das dietas leva a prejuízos nutricionais e estão relacionadas às carências e aos excessos alimentares. Portanto, faz-se necessária a prescrição de dietas individualizadas por meio de avaliação detalhada.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the nutritional quality off addiets menus published in the non-scientific magazines "Malu" and "7Days with You". Methods: This was aquali-quantitative study that evaluated menus ofthe previously mentioned magazines published between 2015 and 2016. For the analysis of nutritional content DietWin® software was used to ascertainthe energy value, macronutrients, crude fiber content and the amount of calcium, iron and folate and for qualitative analysisit wasused the recommendations of the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population for the supply of fruits, vegetables and the presence of ultra-processed foods. Results: The diets analyzed are hypocaloric, the macronutrients are adequate according to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribuition Range, are deficient in fiber, calcium, folate and iron in relation to the Recommended Dietary Intake, meet the recommendations for the consumption of vegetables, are inadequate in relation to the consumption of fruits and prescribe ultra-processed foods. Conclusion: The inadequacy of the nutritional content of diets leads to nutritional losses and are related to deficiencies and overeating. Therefore, it is necessary to prescribe individualized diets through detailed evaluation in a physical consultation.

Validação do Body-related Self-Conscious Emotions Fitness Instrument para estudantes universitários brasileiros / Validation of Body-related Self-Conscious Emotions Fitness instrument for Brazilian university students

Objetivo: Avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão adaptada para a língua portuguesa brasileira do Body-related Self-Conscious Emotions Fitness Instrument. Método: Para verificar a validade utilizou-se a validade estrutural, comparação entre grupos conhecidos e validade convergente. Analisou-se a confiabilidade por meio da avaliação da consistência interna, mediante o Alfa de Cronbach, e pela estabilidade por meio do teste-reteste. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 719 estudantes, com idade média de 21,20±3,66 anos. A Análise Fatorial Confirmatória evidenciou quatro fatores e confirmou a estrutura do instrumento original. A versão adaptada do Body-related Self-Conscious Emotions Fitness Instrument apresentou validade de construto por grupos conhecidos, validade convergente, boa confiabilidade, e estabilidade teste-reteste. Conclusão: O Body-related Self-Conscious Emotions Fitness Instrument é o primeiro instrumento válido e confiável, que poderá ser utilizado no Brasil na prática clínica e de pesquisa para avaliar as emoções autoconscientes relacionadas ao preparo físico e à forma física de estudantes universitários.

Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of Body-related Self-Conscious Emotions Fitness instrument. Method: To verify validity, structural validity, comparison between known groups, and convergent validity were used. Reliability was analyzed using an internal consistency assessment by Cronbach's alpha, while stability was analyzed by test-retest. Results: 719 students participated in the study, with a mean age of 21.20±3.66 years. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed four factors and confirmed the structure of the original instrument. The Brazilian Portuguese version of Body-related Self-Conscious Emotions Fitness instrument presented construct validity by known groups, convergent validity, good reliability and test-retest stability. Conclusion: Body-related Self-Conscious Emotions Fitness instrument is the first valid and reliable instrument that can be used in Brazil for research and clinical practice to evaluate self-conscious emotions related to the physical preparation and fitness of university students.

PERIPHERAL BLOOD ENDOTOXIN LEVELS ARE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH IN NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE WITHOUT CIRRHOSIS.

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common forms of chronic liver disease worldwide. Approximately 20% of individuals with NAFLD develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is associated with increased risk of cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Intestinal microflora, including small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease, as demonstrated in several clinical and experimental studies, by altering intestinal permeability and allowing bacterial endotoxins to enter the circulation. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between SIBO and endotoxin serum levels with clinical, laboratory, and histopathological aspects of NAFLD and the relationship between SIBO and endotoxin serum levels before and after antibiotic therapy. METHODS: Adult patients with a histological diagnosis of NAFLD, without cirrhosis were included. A comprehensive biochemistry panel, lactulose breath test (for diagnosis of SIBO), and serum endotoxin measurement (chromogenic LAL assay) were performed. SIBO was treated with metronidazole 250 mg q8h for 10 days and refractory cases were given ciprofloxacin 500 mg q12h for 10 days. RESULTS: Overall, 42 patients with a histopathological diagnosis of NAFLD were examined. The prevalence of SIBO was 26.2%. Comparison of demographic and biochemical parameters between patients with SIBO and those without SIBO revealed no statistically significant differences, except for use of proton pump inhibitors, which was significantly more frequent in patients with positive breath testing. The presence of SIBO was also associated with greater severity of hepatocellular ballooning on liver biopsy. Although the sample, as a whole, have elevated circulating endotoxin levels, we found no significant differences in this parameter between the groups with and without SIBO. Endotoxin values before and after antibiotic treatment did not differ, even on paired analysis, suggesting absence of any relationship between these factors. Serum endotoxin levels were inversely correlated with HDL levels, and directly correlated with triglyceride levels. CONCLUSION: Serum endotoxin levels did not differ between patients with and without SIBO, nor did these levels change after antibacterial therapy, virtually ruling out the possibility that elevated endotoxinemia in non-cirrhotic patients with NAFLD is associated with SIBO. Presence of SIBO was associated with greater severity of ballooning degeneration on liver biopsy, but not with a significantly higher prevalence of NASH. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the reproducibility and importance of this finding in patients with NAFLD and SIBO.

Níveis de endotoxina no sangue periférico não estão relacionados ao supercrescimento bacteriano intestinal em portadores de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica sem cirrose / Peripheral blood endotoxin levels are not associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without cirrhosis

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common forms of chronic liver disease worldwide. Approximately 20% of individuals with NAFLD develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is associated with increased risk of cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Intestinal microflora, including small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease, as demonstrated in several clinical and experimental studies, by altering intestinal permeability and allowing bacterial endotoxins to enter the circulation. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between SIBO and endotoxin serum levels with clinical, laboratory, and histopathological aspects of NAFLD and the relationship between SIBO and endotoxin serum levels before and after antibiotic therapy. METHODS: Adult patients with a histological diagnosis of NAFLD, without cirrhosis were included. A comprehensive biochemistry panel, lactulose breath test (for diagnosis of SIBO), and serum endotoxin measurement (chromogenic LAL assay) were performed. SIBO was treated with metronidazole 250 mg q8h for 10 days and refractory cases were given ciprofloxacin 500 mg q12h for 10 days. RESULTS: Overall, 42 patients with a histopathological diagnosis of NAFLD were examined. The prevalence of SIBO was 26.2%. Comparison of demographic and biochemical parameters between patients with SIBO and those without SIBO revealed no statistically significant differences, except for use of proton pump inhibitors, which was significantly more frequent in patients with positive breath testing. The presence of SIBO was also associated with greater severity of hepatocellular ballooning on liver biopsy. Although the sample, as a whole, have elevated circulating endotoxin levels, we found no significant differences in this parameter between the groups with and without SIBO. Endotoxin values before and after antibiotic treatment did not differ, even on paired analysis, suggesting absence of any relationship between these factors. Serum endotoxin levels were inversely correlated with HDL levels, and directly correlated with triglyceride levels. CONCLUSION: Serum endotoxin levels did not differ between patients with and without SIBO, nor did these levels change after antibacterial therapy, virtually ruling out the possibility that elevated endotoxinemia in non-cirrhotic patients with NAFLD is associated with SIBO. Presence of SIBO was associated with greater severity of ballooning degeneration on liver biopsy, but not with a significantly higher prevalence of NASH. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the reproducibility and importance of this finding in patients with NAFLD and SIBO.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) é uma das doenças hepáticas crônicas mais comuns em todo o mundo. Aproximadamente 20% dos indivíduos com DHGNA desenvolvem esteato-hepatite não alcoólica (EHNA) que está associada a maior risco de cirrose, hipertensão portal e/ou carcinoma hepatocelular. Alterações da microflora intestinal, incluindo o supercrescimento bacteriano intestinal (SBI), parecem ter um papel importante na patogênese da doença, como demonstrado em estudos clínicos e experimentais, pela alteração da permeabilidade intestinal e permitindo que endotoxinas bacterianas alcancem a circulação sanguínea. OBJETIVO: Determinar a relação entre o SBI e níveis de endotoxina sérica em pacientes não cirróticos com DHGNA, com os aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais e histopatológicos da doença e a relação entre SBI e níveis séricos de endotoxina antes e após tratamento com antibiótico. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos pacientes maiores de 18 anos e com diagnóstico histológico de DHGNA, sem cirrose. Foram realizados: avaliação bioquímica geral, teste do H2 expirado com lactulose para diagnóstico de SBI e dosagem de endotoxina sérica - ensaio cromogênico para LAL. Para o tratamento do SBI utilizamos o metronidazol 250 mg de 8/8 horas por 10 dias e para os casos de retratamento foi utilizado ciprofloxacino 500 mg de 12/12 horas por 10 dias. RESULTADOS: Incluímos 42 pacientes com diagnóstico histopatológico de DHGNA. A prevalência de SBI foi de 26,2%. Quando comparamos o grupo dos pacientes com SBI com aquele sem SBI e analisamos suas variáveis demográficas e bioquímicas, não encontramos diferença estatisticamente significante entre elas, exceto pela utilização de inibidores de bomba de próton, que foi significantemente mais frequente nos pacientes com teste respiratório positivo. A presença de SBI também esteve associada à maior intensidade de balonização na biópsia hepática, quando comparados àqueles sem SBI. Embora o grupo como um todo apresentasse elevação dos níveis circulantes de endotoxinas, não pudemos encontrar diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos com e sem SBI. Os valores de endotoxinas pré e pós tratamento antibiótico não diferiram entre si, mesmo em análise pareada, sugerindo ausência de relação entre esses fatores. Os níveis de endotoxina sérica apresentaram correlação inversa com os níveis de HDL e correlação direta com os níveis de triglicerídeos. CONCLUSÃO: Níveis de endotoxinas séricas não diferiram entre os pacientes com e sem SBI, e que esses níveis não se modificaram após tratamento medicamentoso da proliferação bacteriana, praticamente excluindo a possibilidade de que os níveis elevados de endotoxemia estejam relacionados à SBI. A presença dessa proliferação bacteriana esteve associada à maior intensidade de balonização na biópsia hepática, mas não à maior prevalência de EHNA entre os portadores de SBI. Estudos complementares são necessários para avaliar a reprodutibilidade e a importância desse achado em portadores de DHGNA com SBI.

Utilization of Bioelectrical Impedance to Predict Intramuscular Fat and Physicochemical Traits of the Beef Longissimus Thoracis et Lumborum Muscle.

The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a non-destructive technique that has been successfully used to assess the body and carcass composition of farm species. This study aimed to predict intramuscular fat (IMF) and physicochemical traits in the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle (LM) of beef, using BIA. These traits were evaluated in LM samples of 52 crossbred heifer carcasses. The BIA was performed in LM, using a 50 Hz frequency high precision impedance converter system. A correlation analysis of the studied variables was performed. Then a stepwise with a k-folds cross validation procedure was used to modelling the prediction of IMF and physicochemical traits from BIA parameters (24.5% ≤ CV ≤ 47.3%). Wide variation was found for IMF and BIA parameters. In general, correlations of BIA parameters with IMF and physicochemical traits were moderate to high and were similar for all BIA parameters (-0.50 ≤ r ≤ 0.50 only for total pigments, a* and pH48). It was possible to predict IMF and physicochemical traits from BIA. The best fit explained 79.3% of the variation in IMF, while for physicochemical traits the best fits were for sarcomere length and shear force (64.4% and 60.5%, respectively). The results confirmed the potential of BIA for objective measurement of meat quality.

[The transcultural adaptation of the Body-Related Self-Conscious Emotions Fitness Instrument (BSE-FIT) to Brazilian Portuguese]. / Adaptação transcultural para a língua portuguesa do The Body-related Self-Conscious Emotions Fitness Instrument (BSE-FIT).

The scope of this study was to conduct a transcultural adaptation of the Body-Related Self-Conscious Emotions Fitness Instrument (BSE-FIT) to Brazilian Portuguese. The adaptation process involved the following steps: translation of the BSE-FIT to Brazilian Portuguese; evaluation by the Committee of Judges; back-translation; semantic analysis; and pre-test. The members of the Committee highlighted the difficulties in translating the word "fitness" and suggested that the meaning in Brazilian Portuguese is more than "physical form," also relating it to what the body is capable of doing. In the semantic analysis, difficulty was observed in understanding item 4 (proud of my superior physical preparation) and the item was changed to "proud of my enhanced physical preparedness" to facilitate understanding. In the pre-test stage, there were no difficulties in completing or understanding the items and the process of cross-cultural adaptation was finalized. In the final analysis, the semantic, idiomatic, conceptual and cultural equivalence of the adapted instrument was achieved, and basic and content validity parameters were met. However, in order for BSE-FIT to be used in Brazil, it is necessary to validate the metric properties of the BSE-FIT, which is currently under study and being developed.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi adaptar transculturalmente o instrumento "The Body-related Self-Conscious Emotions Fitness Instrument (BSE-FIT)" para a língua portuguesa brasileira. O processo de adaptação envolveu as seguintes etapas: tradução do BSE-FIT para a língua portuguesa; avaliação pelo Comitê de Juízes; retrotradução; análise semântica; e pré-teste. Os membros do Comitê de Juízes apontaram dificuldades na tradução do termo "fitness" e questionaram que o significado da palavra na língua portuguesa é mais amplo do que "forma física", relacionando-o também ao que o corpo é capaz de fazer. Na análise semântica foram observadas dificuldades de compreensão no item 4 (orgulhoso do meu preparo físico superior) e optou-se por alterar para "orgulhoso do meu superior preparo físico" para facilitar o entendimento. Na etapa de pré-teste não foram observadas dificuldades de preenchimento ou compreensão dos itens e o processo de adaptação transcultural foi encerrado. Ao final, alcançaram-se as equivalências semântica, idiomática, conceitual e cultural do instrumento adaptado, além da validade de face e conteúdo. Contudo, para que o BSE-FIT possa ser empregado para a população brasileira é necessária a validação das propriedades métricas do mesmo, cujo estudo está em desenvolvimento.

Adaptação transcultural para a língua portuguesa do The Body-related Self-Conscious Emotions Fitness Instrument (BSE-FIT) / The transcultural adaptation of the Body-Related Self-Conscious Emotions Fitness Instrument (BSE-FIT) to Brazilian Portuguese

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi adaptar transculturalmente o instrumento "The Body-related Self-Conscious Emotions Fitness Instrument (BSE-FIT)" para a língua portuguesa brasileira. O processo de adaptação envolveu as seguintes etapas: tradução do BSE-FIT para a língua portuguesa; avaliação pelo Comitê de Juízes; retrotradução; análise semântica; e pré-teste. Os membros do Comitê de Juízes apontaram dificuldades na tradução do termo "fitness" e questionaram que o significado da palavra na língua portuguesa é mais amplo do que "forma física", relacionando-o também ao que o corpo é capaz de fazer. Na análise semântica foram observadas dificuldades de compreensão no item 4 (orgulhoso do meu preparo físico superior) e optou-se por alterar para "orgulhoso do meu superior preparo físico" para facilitar o entendimento. Na etapa de pré-teste não foram observadas dificuldades de preenchimento ou compreensão dos itens e o processo de adaptação transcultural foi encerrado. Ao final, alcançaram-se as equivalências semântica, idiomática, conceitual e cultural do instrumento adaptado, além da validade de face e conteúdo. Contudo, para que o BSE-FIT possa ser empregado para a população brasileira é necessária a validação das propriedades métricas do mesmo, cujo estudo está em desenvolvimento.

Abstract The scope of this study was to conduct a transcultural adaptation of the Body-Related Self-Conscious Emotions Fitness Instrument (BSE-FIT) to Brazilian Portuguese. The adaptation process involved the following steps: translation of the BSE-FIT to Brazilian Portuguese; evaluation by the Committee of Judges; back-translation; semantic analysis; and pre-test. The members of the Committee highlighted the difficulties in translating the word "fitness" and suggested that the meaning in Brazilian Portuguese is more than "physical form," also relating it to what the body is capable of doing. In the semantic analysis, difficulty was observed in understanding item 4 (proud of my superior physical preparation) and the item was changed to "proud of my enhanced physical preparedness" to facilitate understanding. In the pre-test stage, there were no difficulties in completing or understanding the items and the process of cross-cultural adaptation was finalized. In the final analysis, the semantic, idiomatic, conceptual and cultural equivalence of the adapted instrument was achieved, and basic and content validity parameters were met. However, in order for BSE-FIT to be used in Brazil, it is necessary to validate the metric properties of the BSE-FIT, which is currently under study and being developed.

Socioeconomic profile and degree of satisfaction of patients attending Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinics of a University Institution.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the degree of satisfaction and the socioeconomic profile of patients attending Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinics at a University institution linked to the Brazilian Unified Health System. METHOD: A researcher-administered questionnaire was applied during a structured interview in outpatient clinics. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty (240) patients were included in the study (mean age of 53 years, 55% women). About 30% of the patients had incomplete elementary education, 25% had complete secondary education, and 53% were active workers. Approximately 87% attending the outpatient clinics were from the B2, C1 and C2 socioeconomic classes with an estimated family income of USD$275.00 to USD$825.00/month. Ninety-two percent (92%) of patients were satisfied with the care received; the items associated with a lower degree of satisfaction were facilities/comfort, cleanliness, and waiting time for consultation. No relationship was observed between socioeconomic profile and degree of satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Satisfaction surveys are important to identify opportunities for improving healthcare services, and it is incumbent upon managers, health professionals and even users to promote compliance with laws and decrees that seek to improve healthcare.

Socioeconomic profile and degree of satisfaction of patients attending Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinics of a University Institution / Perfil socioeconômico e grau de satisfação de pacientes que são atendidos em clínicas externas de gastrenterologia de uma instituição universitária / Perfil socioeconómico y grado de satisfacción de pacientes atendidos en clínicas externas de gastroenterología de un centro universitario

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the degree of satisfaction and the socioeconomic profile of patients attending Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinics at a University institution linked to the Brazilian Unified Health System. Method: A researcher-administered questionnaire was applied during a structured interview in outpatient clinics. Results: Two hundred and forty (240) patients were included in the study (mean age of 53 years, 55% women). About 30% of the patients had incomplete elementary education, 25% had complete secondary education, and 53% were active workers. Approximately 87% attending the outpatient clinics were from the B2, C1 and C2 socioeconomic classes with an estimated family income of USD$275.00 to USD$825.00/month. Ninety-two percent (92%) of patients were satisfied with the care received; the items associated with a lower degree of satisfaction were facilities/comfort, cleanliness, and waiting time for consultation. No relationship was observed between socioeconomic profile and degree of satisfaction. Conclusion: Satisfaction surveys are important to identify opportunities for improving healthcare services, and it is incumbent upon managers, health professionals and even users to promote compliance with laws and decrees that seek to improve healthcare.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o grau de satisfação e o perfil socioeconômico de pacientes que são atendidos em Clínicas Externas de Gastrenterologia de uma instituição universitária vinculada ao Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro. Método: Um questionário administrado por pesquisador foi aplicado durante uma entrevista estruturada em clínicas externas. Resultados: Duzentos e quarenta (240) pacientes foram incluídos no estudo (idade média de 53 anos, 55% mulheres). Aproximadamente 30% dos pacientes tinham ensino fundamental incompleto, 25% tinham ensino médio incompleto e 53% eram trabalhadores na ativa. Cerca de 87% dos que eram atendidos nas clínicas externas se encontravam nas classes econômicas B2, C1 e C2 com renda familiar estimada entre 275,00 e 825,00 dólares americanos por mês. Noventa e dois por cento (92%) dos pacientes estavam satisfeitos com o atendimento recebido; os itens associados a baixo grau de satisfação foram as instalações/conforto, limpeza e tempo de espera para consulta. Nenhuma relação foi observada entre perfil socioeconômico e grau de satisfação. Conclusão: Pesquisas de satisfação são importantes para identificar oportunidades para melhorar os serviços de saúde e para que seus gerentes responsáveis, profissionais da saúde e até mesmo usuários possam promover o cumprimento às leis e decretos que visam melhorar o atendimento em saúde.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de satisfacción y el perfil socioeconómico de pacientes atendidos en Clínicas Externas de Gastroenterología de un centro universitario vinculado al Sistema Único de Salud brasileño. Método: Un cuestionario administrado por investigador fue aplicado durante entrevista estructura en clínicas externas. Resultados: Doscientos cuarenta (240) pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio (edad media de 53 años, el 55% mujeres). Un 30% de los pacientes tenían educación básica incompleta, el 25% tenían el bachillerato/secundaria incompleto/a y el 53% eran trabajadores activos. Cerca del 87% de los que eran atendidos en la clínicas externas se hallaban en las clases económicas B2, C1 y C2 con ingresos familiares estimados entre 275,00 y 825,00 dólares estadounidenses por mes. El noventa y dos por ciento (92%) de los pacientes estaban satisfechos con la atención recibida; los puntos asociados con bajo grado de satisfacción fueron las instalaciones/comodidad, limpieza y tiempo de espera para consulta. Ninguna relación fue observada entre perfil socioeconómico y grado de satisfacción. Conclusión: Encuestas de satisfacción son importantes para identificar oportunidades de mejorar los servicios sanitarios y para que sus gerentes responsables, profesionales sanitarios e incluso los mismos usuarios puedan promocionar el cumplimiento a la leyes y decretos a fin de mejorar la atención sanitaria.

Quality of life and eating attitudes of health care students.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of life and eating attitudes of health care students of the undergraduate programs of a public university. METHOD: Observational, cross-sectional, and quantitative study performed in a federal university. Three questionnaires were used for data collection: a socio-demographic and academic, the WHOQOL-BREF and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). RESULT: 399 students participated in this study, most women, average age of 22 years, average scores of EAT-26 of 15.12 and quality-of-life averages above 60 points in all domains. The students of the undergraduate program in Nutrition presented more inappropriate eating attitudes than other health care students; as the age evolves, vulnerability to inadequate eating attitudes increases; and the family income influenced negatively the quality of life in Physical and Social domains. CONCLUSIONS: Inadequate eating attitude diminishes the quality of life of health care students in all domains of the WHOOQOL-BREF.

Adaptação à universidade e transtornos mentais comuns em graduandos de enfermagem / Adaptation to university and common mental disorders in nursing undergraduate student

Objetivou-se avaliar a adaptação à universidade e a sua relação com a ocorrência de Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) em graduandos de enfermagem. Estudo analítico, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa dos dados, realizado com 92 graduandos de enfermagem de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior de Minas Gerais. Para coleta de dados foram utilizados um questionário sociodemográfico e acadêmico, o Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas-reduzido (QVA-r) e o Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Observou-se bom nível de adaptação entre os participantes, com melhores escores na dimensão Carreira e escores inferiores na dimensão Pessoal. Encontrou-se um indicativo de TMC de 43,5% e uma correlação inversa com adaptação à universidade, indicando que quanto melhor a adaptação, menor a probabilidade de TMC. Os achados evidenciaram que o processo de adaptação à universidade está relacionado à saúde mental dos graduandos e indicam a necessidade de intervenções direcionadas à adaptação acadêmica como estratégia de promoção da saúde.

Our objective was to assess the adaptation to university and its relationship with the occurrence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) among undergraduate nursing students. We conducted an analytical, cross-sectional and quantitative study with 92 nursing students from a Federal Institution of Superior Education in Minas Gerais. For the data collection, we used a sociodemographic and academic questionnaire, the Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas-reduzido (QVA-r) and, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). We observed good adaptation level among participants, with better scores in the Career dimension and lower scores in the Personal dimension. We found a CMD indicative of 43.5% and an inverse correlation with the adaptation to university, indicating the better adaptation, the lower probability of CMD. The findings showed that the adaptation process to university is related to student's mental health and, it indicates the need of interventions directed to academic adaptation as a health promotion strategy.

Can lychee reducing the adipose tissue mass in rats?

ABSTRACT Lychee fruit has been studied owing to the presence of several bioactive compounds that can contribute to weight loss in obese individuals. However, the anti-obese potential of the fruit has not been explored yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different parts of lychee in reducing the adipose tissue mass of cafeteria diet-fed rats. Phenolic compounds and scavenging capacities were quantified. The food intake, apparent digestibility, weight of the body and liver, body mass, Lee Index, and the mass of epididymal and visceral adipose tissues were evaluated. The results were estimated by Tukey's Test at 5% probability. A higher amount of phenolic compounds and scavenging capacity were observed in the peel of lychee as compared to the other parts of the fruit. The hypercaloric diet with lychee flour resulted in a higher apparent digestibility. There was no difference between groups control (C), hypercaloric (H), hypercaloric with lychee flour - 50.00% peel and 50.00% seeds (H2F), and hypercaloric with lychee flour - 33.33% peel, 33.33% pulp and 33.34% seeds (H3F) with respect to body and liver weight, corporal mass, and Lee Index. The hypercaloric diet-fed group exhibited an increase in visceral and epididymal adipose tissue mass, whereas the group fed with hypercaloric diets and flour made from the peel and seed of lychee presented a lower visceral adipose tissue mass. In conclusion, the use of lychee flour was considered viable because it decreased visceral adipose tissue mass in rats.

Quality of life and eating attitudes of health care students / Calidad de vida y actitudes alimentarias de estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud / Qualidade de vida e atitudes alimentares de graduandos da área da saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the quality of life and eating attitudes of health care students of the undergraduate programs of a public university. Method: Observational, cross-sectional, and quantitative study performed in a federal university. Three questionnaires were used for data collection: a socio-demographic and academic, the WHOQOL-BREF and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). Result: 399 students participated in this study, most women, average age of 22 years, average scores of EAT-26 of 15.12 and quality-of-life averages above 60 points in all domains. The students of the undergraduate program in Nutrition presented more inappropriate eating attitudes than other health care students; as the age evolves, vulnerability to inadequate eating attitudes increases; and the family income influenced negatively the quality of life in Physical and Social domains. Conclusions: Inadequate eating attitude diminishes the quality of life of health care students in all domains of the WHOOQOL-BREF.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida y las actitudes alimentarias de estudiantes universitarios de los cursos de la salud de una universidad pública. Método: Estudio observacional, transversal, cuantitativo, realizado en una universidad federal. Se utilizaron tres cuestionarios para recolección de datos: uno sociodemográfico y académico, el WHOQOL-BREF y el Test de Actitudes Alimentarias (EAT-26). Resultado: Participaron en el estudio 399 estudiantes universitarios, la mayoría mujeres, edad media de 22 años, puntuaciones medias de EAT-26 de 15,12 y medias de calidad de vida por encima de 60 puntos en todos los dominios. Los estudiantes universitarios del curso de Nutrición presentaron actitudes alimentarias más inadecuadas que los de otros cursos de la salud; a medida que evoluciona la edad, la vulnerabilidad a las actitudes alimentarias inadecuadas aumenta; y la renta familiar influenció de manera negativa la calidad de vida en los dominios Físico y Social. Conclusiones: La actitud alimentaria inadecuada disminuye la calidad de vida de los estudiantes universitarios de la salud en todos los dominios del WHOOQOL-BREF.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida e as atitudes alimentares de graduandos dos cursos da saúde de uma universidade pública. Método: Estudo observacional, transversal, quantitativo, realizado em uma universidade federal. Foram utilizados três questionários para coleta de dados: um sociodemográfico e acadêmico, o WHOQOL-BREF e o Teste de Atitudes Alimentares (EAT-26). Resultado: Participaram do estudo 399 graduandos, maioria feminina, idade média de 22 anos, escores médios de EAT-26 de 15,12 e médias de qualidade de vida acima de 60 pontos em todos os domínios. Os graduandos do curso de Nutrição apresentaram atitudes alimentares mais inadequadas que os de outros cursos da saúde; à medida que evolui a idade, a vulnerabilidade às atitudes alimentares inadequadas aumenta; e a renda familiar influenciou negativamente a qualidade de vida nos domínios Físico e Social. Conclusões: A atitude alimentar inadequada diminui a qualidade de vida dos graduandos da saúde em todos os domínios do WHOOQOL-BREF.

Uso de técnicas gastronômicas: uma estratégia para melhorar a aceitabilidade da alimentação de pré-escolares do interior de Minas Gerais / The use of gastronomic techniques: a strategy to improve the acceptability of school meals of pre-school children in the interior of Minas Gerais

Introdução: As estratégias de educação nutricional nas escolas são fatores importantes para propiciar a melhora da aceitabilidade das refeições oferecidas, minimizar os efeitos de hábitos alimentares não saudáveis e estimular a prática alimentar adequada entre as crianças. Objetivo: Avaliar a aceitação da alimentação escolar, antes e após o emprego de técnicas gastronômicas, por crianças em idade pré-escolar. Métodos: Aplicou-se um teste afetivo, composto de uma escala hedônica facial de cinco pontos, após o consumo da alimentação escolar durante cinco dias consecutivos, em duas fases, para o cálculo do índice de aceitabilidade. Considerou-se aceita a refeição cujo índice foi ≥ 85%. Utilizou-se o teste Wilcoxon, a 5% de significância, para a comparação dos valores atribuídos pelas crianças antes e após a aplicação das técnicas gastronômicas. Na fase 1, as crianças ingeriram a alimentação tradicional oferecida pela escola; na fase 2, foram realizadas modificações no cardápio, por meio do emprego de técnicas gastronômicas que permitissem uma melhor apresentação dos pratos servidos às crianças, com a utilização de aros de formatação de alimentos e o uso de condimentos. Resultado: Mediante a utilização das técnicas gastronômicas, observou-se que as pontuações atribuídas às refeições, bem como seus respectivos índices de aceitação, aumentaram. Conclusão: As notas atribuídas pelos estudantes aumentaram após a utilização de técnicas gastronômicas, o que permite inferir que essa estratégia possibilitou a melhoria da aceitabilidade da alimentação escolar. (AU)

Introduction: The strategies of nutritional education in schools are important factors in improving the acceptability of meals offered, minimizing the effects of unhealthy eating habits, and encouraging proper eating practices among children. Objective: Evaluate the acceptance of school feeding, before and after the use of gastronomic techniques, by pre-school children. Methods: An affective test was applied, consisting of a facial hedonic scale of five points, after consumption of the school feeding for five consecutive days, in two phases, for the calculation of the acceptability index. The meal whose index was ≥ 85% has been considered acceptable. The Wilcoxon test was used, at 5% of significance, to compare the values attributed by the children before and after the application of gastronomic techniques. In phase 1, the children ingested the traditional feeding offered by the school; in phase 2 modifications were made at the menu, using gastronomic techniques which allowed a better presentation of the dishes served to the children, with the use of food format rings and the use of condiments. Results: Through the use of gastronomic techniques, it was observed that the scores attributed to meals, as well as their respective acceptance rates, increased. Conclusion: The grades attributed by the students increased after the use of gastronomic techniques, which allows to infer that this strategy made possible the improvement of the acceptability of school feeding. (AU)