Global Matrix of Para Report Cards on Physical Activity of Children and Adolescents With Disabilities.

This is an overview of the results from 14 countries or jurisdictions in a Global Matrix of Para Report Cards on physical activity (PA) of children and adolescents with disabilities. The methodology was based on the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance's Global Matrix 4.0. Data were aligned with 10 indicators (Overall PA, Organized Sport, Active Play, Active Transport, Physical Fitness, Sedentary Behavior, Family & Peers, Schools, Community & Environment, and Government) to produce Para Report Cards. Subsequently, there were 139 grades; 45% were incomplete, particularly for Active Play, Physical Fitness, and Family & Peers. Collectively, Overall PA was graded the lowest (F), with Schools and Government the highest (C). Disability-specific surveillance and research gaps in PA were apparent in 14 countries or jurisdictions around the world. More coverage of PA data in Para Report Cards is needed to serve as an advocacy tool to promote PA among children and adolescents with disabilities.

Muscle mass indicators as fat-free mass and lean soft tissue mass are associated with handgrip strength in HIV-diagnosed children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between fat free mass (FFM) and lean soft tissue mass (LSTM) with handgrip strength (HGS) in HIV children and adolescents, according to sex. METHOD: This cross-sectional study included 65 HIV children and adolescents, aged from 8-15 years (30 boys and 35 girls). FFM and LSTM were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). HGS was measured with hydraulic dynamometer. Bone age was assessed by radiography of the wrist of the left carpus and moderate to vigorous physical activity was obtained through the use of accelerometers. The use of antiretroviral drugs (ART) was obtained from the medical records of each participant. RESULTS: For boys, the FFM model explained 86% the HGS variability (p < 0.001). For girls, the FFM model explained 90% the HGS variability (p < 0.001). LSTM explained 88% the HGS variability for both sexes. CONCLUSION: FFM and LSTM were directly associated with HGS. However, models with bone age, physical activity level and type of ART improved the explanatory power of LLM and LSTM in HGS.

Low Occurrence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Swimming? Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Sports Participation in Adolescents: Cross Sectional Study (ABCD-Growth Study).

The purpose of this paper was to identify the association between the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms (MS) and sports participation in adolescents. The sample included 193 adolescents (11 to 17 years of age; 131 boys and 62 girls). For this cross-sectional study, participants were categorized into four groups: "no-sports", "repetitive non-impact sports", "high-impact sports", and "odd-impact sports". A questionnaire was used, which defined MS as pain or any musculoskeletal complaint that led to restriction of current normal activities. In the entire sample, 112 adolescents reported at least one episode of MS during the recording, representing 58% of the sample. Our findings highlight that adolescents regularly engaged in odd-impact sports, such as martial arts, report a higher occurrence of MS than swimmers and adolescents who do not participate in any physical activity.

The independent and joint associations between muscle strength, health variables and cardiovascular disease among adults.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the independent and joint association between muscle strength and health variables according to individual health status among adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional population-based study comprising 643 adults (39.6 ± 11.1 years, 44.9% men) from Florianópolis, Southern Brazil. Muscle strength was assessed by handgrip strength. Health variables included were systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), waist circumference (WC), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol (CHOL), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TRG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Participants were grouped into three health status categories: 1) healthy (without CVD and risk for CVD); 2) at risk for CVD (obesity, high blood pressure, and hyperglycemia); 3) with CVD. Multiple linear regression adjusted for confounding factors was used. RESULTS: Muscle strength was inversely associated with IMT (ß = -0.02, SE: 0.03), CHOL (ß = -0.14, SE: 0.02) and HbA1c (ß = -0.01, SE: 0.10), and directly associated with SBP (ß = 0.16, SE: 0.06) and WC (ß = 0.02, SE: 0.03). Among adults with CVD, muscle strength was inversely associated with IMT (p < 0.05). Higher muscle strength was directly associated with SBP among healthy adults (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The main finding of the present study indicated that among individuals with CVD, muscle strength was associated with lower IMT values.

The independent and joint associations among muscle strength, abdominal obesity and cardiometabolic variables among adults.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the independent and joint associations among muscle strength (MS) and obesity with blood pressure, atherosclerosis, and laboratory markers. This was a cross-sectional study comprising a representative sample of 642 adults (men: 44.9%, 39.9 ± 11.2 years; women: 55.1%, 39.3 ± 11.1 years) from Florianópolis, Brazil. MS was assessed by handgrip strength. Obesity was defined as a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥30.0 kg/m² and a waist circumference ≥80.0 cm in women and ≥90.0 cm in men. Clinical variables included systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), C-reactive protein (CRP), lipids, glucose metabolism markers and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Linear regression models stratified by sex and adjusted for confounders were used. Higher MS levels were related to lower CRP (up to 0.59 times lower), triglycerides (up to 0.33 times lower), HOMA-IR (up to 0.35 times lower), and higher HDL cholesterol (up to 5.2 mg/dL) levels among men. Among women, higher MS levels were related to lower SBP and DBP (up to -10.2 mmHg), CRP (up to 0.56 times lower), HOMA-IR (up to 0.27 times lower) and IMT (up to -4.8 × 10-2 mm). In addition, MS was inversely related to triglycerides and HOMA-IR among obese men, inversely related to CRP among obese men and women, and inversely associated to DBP only among obese women. This population-based study corroborates findings from clinical studies suggesting that even among individuals with obesity, higher MS might help adults to reduce cardiometabolic risk. HighlightsMuscle strength levels were directly associated with better prognosis in relation to cardiometabolic variables in individuals with or without abdominal obesity.Among men with abdominal obesity, to have higher values of muscle strength were associated with lower values of diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, triglycerides, cholesterol and HOMA-IR.Higher muscle strength levels were inversely associated with C-reactive protein among women with abdominal obesity; Higher muscle strength might help adults to reduce cardiometabolic risk.

Association of phase angle with muscle strength and aerobic fitness in different populations: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to summarize the evidence on the association of phase angle (PhA) with muscle strength and aerobic fitness in different populations. METHODS: A systematic search on this topic was performed in nine electronic databases (CINAHL, LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and Web of Science) in January 2021. Studies with different designs that permitted extraction of information about the relationships between PhA and muscle strength and between PhA and aerobic fitness were included. A total of 4446 studies were initially identified; 34 were included after reading of the title, abstract, full text, and references. Four of the studies included had a longitudinal design, with samples consisting of participants ages 6 to 92 years. Thirty-two of the 34 studies evaluated the relationship between PhA and muscle strength, two cross-sectional studies investigated only PhA and aerobic fitness, and three cross-sectional studies evaluated both components (muscle strength and aerobic fitness). RESULTS: PhA was directly associated with muscle strength in 30 cross-sectional studies and two longitudinal studies; the two studies that did not find a direct relationship had a cross-sectional design. For aerobic fitness, the five studies identified reported a direct relationship with PhA. CONCLUSIONS: PhA is directly associated with muscle strength and aerobic fitness in different age groups (children, adolescents, adults, and older adults) and in people with different health conditions (human immunodeficiency virus, Crohn's disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bariatric surgery, kidney transplant, cancer, hemodialysis, and sarcopenia).

Sports Participation from Childhood to Adolescence is Associated with Lower Body Dissatisfaction in Boys-A Sex-Specific Analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the association between body dissatisfaction and sports participation from childhood to adolescence in a school-based sample of adolescents, according to sex. METHODS: A total of 1011 adolescents of 13.1 ± 2.3 years of age were evaluated. Body dissatisfaction was assessed by the Silhouettes Scale and sports participation for at least one consecutive year was retrospectively assessed by closed specific questions related to childhood and adolescence periods. Body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity were objectively measured. Habitual practice of physical activity (PA), socioeconomic status (SES), and ethnicity were assessed through questionnaires. RESULTS: Sports participation from childhood to adolescence was observed in 55.1% of boys and in 41.2% of girls. Boys with body dissatisfaction showed lower habitual PA in leisure time (Baecke score = 4.38 ± 2.27 vs. 5.15 ± 2.25, p < 0.05) and in total (Baecke score = 9.34 ± 2.64 vs. 9.96 ± 2.68, p < 0.05) than those who were satisfied. No differences were observed among girls. Sports participation from childhood to adolescence was associated with 42% less chance of having body dissatisfaction in boys (OR = 0.58 [95%CI = 0.36-0.94]). No significant association was observed among girls. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE: Sports participation from childhood to adolescence was negatively associated with body dissatisfaction in boys. The continuity of physical activity during youth may be an important modifiable factor to reduce body dissatisfaction.

Muscular strength and cardiovascular risk factors in adults: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify and summarize the relationships between MS and individual components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) [high waist circumference (WC), high blood pressure (BP), high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (GL) and low HDL cholesterol levels (HDL-C)] in adults. METHODS: A systematic review was performed on six electronic databases (Lilacs, Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus, Sportdiscus, and Web of Knowledge), with complimentary searches in reference lists. The databases were investigated without restrictions regarding the period of publication. RESULTS: Of the 6,833 articles initially identified, 17 were included, with data on 43,343 adults. Higher MS values were associated with lower WC values. Different results in relation to the association between MS and BP, MS and SBP, and MS and DBP were verified. In addition, inconclusive results were verified in the relationship between MS and TG, MS and HDL-C, and MS and GL. CONCLUSION: Higher MS values were related with lower WC in adults. More evidence from longitudinal studies with high methodological rigor is needed to elucidate the relationship between MS and CVD among adults.

Factor structure of the Brazilian version of Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale.

The present study aimed to analyze the construct validity of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) for the evaluation of the daytime sleepiness construct in adolescents through confirmatory factorial analysis. The cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 773 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years, enrolled in the state schools of Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil. We investigated the sex, age, school year, study shift, occupational status, socioeconomic level and daytime sleepiness. The PDSS questions were not normal (p <0.001) and the mean total score was 14.87 (5.62). With Schwarz's BIC adjustment indicators = 142,389 and Akaike's AIC = 105,389, the model reached the criteria of the global adjustment indicators of the model in the confirmatory analysis, in which RMSEA = 0.020; CFI = 0.986; TLI = 0.977; SRMR = 0.021, with 17 degrees of freedom, KMO = 0.8504 and Cronbach's Alpha = 0.737, with three correlations. We conclude that the construct validity of the PDSS remains valid and confirms its factor structure with only one factor. Thereby, it was verified that the operationalization of the construct sleepiness of adolescents through this scale is adequately conceptualized to the behavior of the age group.

Teorias, modelos e (y) determinantes da (de la)atividade física em adultos / Theories, models and determining factors in physical activity in adults

La identificación de los factores determinantes de la actividad física en los adultos es un proceso que debe ser considerado como inicial en la propuesta de cualquier intervención o programa de promoción de la actividad física en una determinada población. Muchos pueden ser los factores determinantes de la actividad física en los adultos y éstos deben ser investigados siempre que se pretenda llevar a cabo alguna intervención de promoción de la actividad física...

Is high body fat estimated by body mass index and waist circumference a predictor of hypertension in adults? A population-based study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the predictive capacity of body fat percentage (%BF) estimated by equations using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) to identify hypertension and estimate measures of association between high %BF and hypertension in adults. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional population-based study conducted with 1,720 adults (20-59 years) from Florianopolis, southern Brazil. The area under the ROC curve, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios of cutoffs for %BF were calculated. The association between %BF and hypertension was analyzed using Poisson regression, estimating the unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% CI. RESULTS: The %BF equations showed good discriminatory power for hypertension (area under the ROC curve > 0.50). Considering the entire sample, the cutoffs for %BF with better properties for screening hypertension were identified in the equation with BMI for men (%BF = 20.4) and with WC for women (%BF = 34.1). Adults with high %BF had a higher prevalence of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: The use of simple anthropometric measurements allowed identifying the %BF, diagnosing obesity, and screening people at risk of hypertension in order to refer them for more careful diagnostic evaluation.

Comparação do crescimento de crianças e adolescentes brasileiros com curvas de referência para crescimento físico: dados do Projeto Esporte Brasil / Comparison between the growth of Brazilian children and adolescents and the reference growth charts: data from a Brazilian project

Objetivo: Comparar crianças e adolescentes brasileiros com curvas de referência para crescimento físico. Métodos: Estudo transversal, de base escolar, conduzido em 41.654 estudantes (23.328 do sexo masculino e 18.326 do sexo feminino) de 7 a 17 anos. Foram mensuradas variáveis antropométricas (estatura, peso corporal) e calculado o índice de massa corporal (IMC). A estatura, percentil 50, e o IMC, percentil 85, foram comparados com tabelas normativas da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), e o peso corporal, percentil 50, com as curvas do Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Resultados: Ao comparar os valores de estatura e peso corporal de ambos os sexos com os valores de referência da OMS e do CDC foi identificado que os jovens brasileiros atingiram e ultrapassaram os pontos de referência na maioria das idades. Os IMC dos escolares brasileiros foram inferiores aos valores de sobrepeso da OMS para todas as idades. Conclusão: A magnitude de crescimento em peso corporal, estatura e IMC de crianças e adolescentes da zona urbana do Brasil está cada vez mais semelhante à reportada em países desenvolvidos. Sugere-se que estudos prospectivos no Brasil sejam realizados e comparados com curvas internacionais de crescimento físico a fim de poder realizar inferências mais precisas.

Objective: To compare the growth of Brazilian children and adolescents with reference growth charts. Methods: School-based cross-sectional study involving 41,654 students (23,328 boys and 18,326 girls) aged 7 to 17 years. Physical growth variables (body weight, height) and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Height, 50th percentile, and BMI, 85th percentile, were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) reference values, and weight, 50th percentile, was compared with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts. Results: Mean height and body weight of Brazilian schoolchildren were generally higher than the WHO and CDC reference values for both genders at most ages. BMI values of Brazilian schoolchildren were significantly lower than the WHO obesity values at all ages. Conclusion: The growth in body weight, height, and BMI of children and adolescents in the urban area of Brazil is increasingly similar to those reported in developed countries. Further prospective studies should be conducted in Brazil comparing their results with the international growth charts to enable more accurate inferences.

Prevalence and associated factors with body image dissatisfaction among adults in southern Brazil: a population-based study.

We investigated the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction (BID) and associated factors in Florianopolis, Brazil. BID was analyzed in a sample (N=1720) of adults through the Figure Rating Scale. The independent variables were sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and morbidities. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used. More men (14.2%) than women (6.1%) presented BID by being lighter than ideal (LI). Conversely, more women (66.6%) than men (46.3%) showed BID by being heavier than ideal (HI). BID by being HI was higher among older women, those with high BMI and those with a partner. In men, lower BMI and the presence of common mental disorders were associated with BID due to being LI. Advanced ages, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, and obesity were associated with BID due to being HI. We must consider different public health interventions for men and women to reduce BID in Brazilian adults.