Hip Injuries in the Adolescent Athlete.

This article provides concise and up-to-date information on the most common hip pathologies that affect adolescent athletes. We cover the evaluation and treatment of avulsion injuries, stress fractures, slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), femoroacetabular impingement, developmental dysplasia of the hip, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, and coxa saltans focusing on minimizing advanced imaging and using conservative therapy when applicable. Although this is not an all-encompassing list of disorders, it is key to understand these hip pathologies because these injuries occur commonly and can also have detrimental complications if not diagnosed and addressed early, especially SCFE and femoral neck stress fractures.

Ultrasound Use and Outpatient Management for Pyogenic Flexor Tenosynovitis: A Case Report.

Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis (PFT) is an orthopedic emergency that necessitates prompt diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately, the diagnosis is largely clinically based on Kanavel's four cardinal signs with all four symptoms being present approximately 22% to 56% of the time. Evidence suggests that PFT diagnosed within 48 h of onset does not need surgical intervention. Ultrasonography can be used to aid in the diagnosis of PFT. It has a sensitivity of 94.4% and a negative predictive value of 96.7%. This illustrative case report demonstrates ultrasound's utility to not only aid in diagnosis but also serve as a tool for monitoring patient response.

Botulinum Toxin as a Novel Treatment for Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome in the U.S. Military.

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a debilitating condition that is not uncommon in athletes and military service members. The only curative treatment for this condition, surgical fascial release, was first described in 1956. In the ensuing 62 years, this has remained the standard therapy despite symptom recurrence in 45% of military service members who underwent surgery. In 2013, a case series introduced intracompartmental injections of botulinum toxin A as a non-surgical treatment option for CECS, which proved effective in 15 out of 16 patients. In this case report, we present the case of a U.S. military service member treated with BoNT-A for bilateral lower leg CECS. This patient remains pain free at 11 months after initial treatment. This case, coupled with previously published cases series, demonstrates the potential of this novel treatment as a long-term, non-surgical alternative for CECS in the U.S. military population.