A single-center, open-labeled, randomized, 6-month, parallel-group study to assess the safety and efficacy of allogeneic cultured keratinocyte sheet transplantation for deep second-degree burn wounds: rationale and design of phase I/II clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Burn-related injuries are a major global health issue, causing 180,000 deaths per year. Early debridement of necrotic tissue in association with a split-thickness skin graft is usually administered for some of the 2nd- and 3rd-degree injuries. However, this approach can be complicated by factors such as a lack of proper donor sites. Artificial skin substitutes have attracted much attention for burn-related injuries. Keratinocyte sheets are one of the skin substitutes that their safety and efficacy have been reported by previous studies. METHODS: Two consecutive clinical trials were designed, one of them is phase I, a non-randomized, open-label trial with 5 patients, and phase II is a randomized and open-label trial with 35 patients. A total number of 40 patients diagnosed with 2nd-degree burn injury will receive allogenic keratinocyte sheet transplantation. The safety and efficacy of allogeneic skin graft with autograft skin transplantation and conventional treatments, including Vaseline dressing and topical antibiotic, will be compared in different wounds of a single patient in phase II. After the transplantation, patients will be followed up on days 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28. In the 3rd and 6th months after the transplantation scar, a wound closure assessment will be conducted based on the Vancouver Scar Scale and the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale. DISCUSSION: This study will explain the design and rationale of a cellular-based skin substitute for the first time in Iran. In addition, this work proposes this product being registered as an off-the-shelf product for burn wound management in the country. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) IRCT20080728001031N31, 2022-04-23 for phase I and IRCT20080728001031N36, 2024-03-15 for phase II.

Prevalence of Hepatobiliary Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A GRADE Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of more than 1.7 Million Patients.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] comprises an immune-mediated group of chronic gastrointestinal disorders. Patients with IBD may experience extraintestinal manifestations, such as hepatobiliary complications. This meta-analysis aims to assess the prevalence of different hepatic manifestations in IBD patients. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched until July 20, 2022, by specifying keywords for IBD, hepatic manifestations, and study type. Full texts of cohort studies in English that examined the prevalence of different hepatic manifestations were included in this study. The primary outcome was the overall prevalence of hepatic manifestations in IBD patients. For the statistical analysis, a proportion by random effect model meta-analysis was performed. The registration number for the protocol of this study in PROSPERO is CRD42022369595. RESULTS: From the 4421 articles retrieved from the primary search, 118 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. After a pooled analysis of 1 729 128 patients, the overall prevalence of hepatic manifestations was 3.49% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.31-3.68%; I2: 99.55%). The pooled prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in 228 216 patients was 26.1% [95% CI: 22.1-30.2%; I2: 99.018%]. After pooled analysis of 9642 patients, the prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis was 1.67% [95% CI: 1.47-1.88%; I2: 99.10%]. The pooled prevalence of biliary stones was 4.1% [95% CI: 3.6-4.7%; I2: 97.43%]. Autoimmune hepatitis (0.51% [95% CI: 0.26-0.75%]; I2: 85.36%) and portal vein thrombosis (0.21% [95% CI: 0.08-0.33%]; I2: 97.95%) are considered as rare manifestations. CONCLUSION: This study summarizes the prevalence and importance of different hepatic manifestations in IBD patients. These findings are crucial for the management of extraintestinal manifestations, especially hepatic manifestations, in IBD patients.

Prevalence and predictors of burnout among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey in teaching hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Occupational burnout is one of the most important consequences of the coronavirus disease pandemic, associated with psychological well-being, quality of care, and intention to leave the nursing profession. This is a major health problem with serious adverse consequences not only for nurses but also for patients and healthcare systems. OBJECTIVE: To assess burnout and its associated factors in nurses who worked in teaching hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on nurses of two COVID-19 referral hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected using the sociodemographic form and Maslach burnout inventory-human service survey (MBI-HSS) questionnaire. Data were evaluated using SPSS software version 26. RESULTS: A total of 264 participants, 52.7% (n = 139) were males and the mean of them age was 34.41±9.71 years. Almost 50% of nurses experienced burnout, in each dimension. Emotional exhaustion was associated significantly with job retention intention (P = 0.01) and depersonalization was significantly associated with gender (P = 0.02), age (P = 0.01), educational level (P = 0.004), work shifts (P = 0.006), and job retention intention (P = 0.02). In addition, personal accomplishment score was significantly associated with age (P = 0.002), marital status (P = 0.03), educational level (P = 0.03), work shift (P = 0.04) and job retention intention (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: The burnout rate in the COVID-19 era is high among nurses associated with improper care. Psychosocial support is needed to improve mental well-being among health care workers during unpredictable conditions like pandemics.

The Prevalence of Hypertension and Obesity in Iranian Professional Drivers.

Background: Professional driving is associated with overworking, lack of physical activity, and high stress, which are susceptible to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and obesity in Iranian professional drivers. Methods: Overall, 132,452 drivers were included by census sampling methods and those who did not pass periodic examinations were excluded. Demographics and anthropometric data, including height and weight and the driver's blood pressure, were recorded. The criteria for hypertension assumed as the systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mm and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80 mm, and the criteria for prehypertension assumed as 120-129 systolic and < 80 mm Hg. In addition, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 is assumed as overweight, and BMI ≥ 30 is assumed as obesity. Results: Overall, 113,856 male drivers were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of HTN, pre-HTN, and abnormal blood pressure (HTN + pre-HTN) was calculated to be 14.2%, 57.4%, and 71.6%, respectively. Khuzestan, West Azerbaijan, and Yazd had the most prevalence of abnormal blood pressure. The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abnormal weight (overweight + obesity) was calculated to be 50.9%, 22.6%, and 73.5%, respectively, and the northwest provinces had the highest prevalence of abnormal weight. Conclusion: Professional Iranian drivers have a high prevalence of abnormal blood pressure and weight associated with job-related risk factors. Preventive measures should be taken to confront a possible outbreak of CVDs in this population.

Evaluation of the Effect of Educational Interventions on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Against COVID-19 in a Residential Complex in Tehran: A Prospective Cross-sectional Study.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at the end of 2019 posed a global health concern. It has been found that health education is one of the best methods for health promotion, changing inappropriate personal behaviors, and increasing people's awareness and attitude through major health concerns, including the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the effect of educational interventions with environmental health approach on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of people in the COVID-19 epidemic era in one residential complex in Tehran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran in 2021. The study population was households of a residential complex in Tehran, which was selected by a random sampling method. A researcher-made checklist was used to gather data for this study, and its validity and reliability in the domains of environmental health and knowledge, attitude, and practice in the COVID-19 setting were evaluated before it was used. An intervention was made through social media and the checklist was reevaluated after the intervention. Results: A total number of 306 participants were enrolled in this study. In the assessment of the knowledge, attitude, and practice after the intervention, the mean score of the mentioned values increased significantly (P < 0.001). However, the influence of intervention was more prominent in the improvement of knowledge and attitude than practice. Conclusion: Public health intervention with an environmental health approach can increase people's knowledge, attitude, and practice against chronic diseases and epidemics such as COVID-19.

Allogenic mesenchymal stromal cells and their extracellular vesicles in COVID-19 induced ARDS: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The main causes of death in patients with severe Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) are acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiorgan failure caused by a severe inflammatory cascade. Novel treatment strategies, such as stem-cell-based therapy and their derivatives can be used to relieve inflammation in these cases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of therapy using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their derived extracellular vesicles in COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: COVID-19 patients with ARDS were included in this study and allocated into two study and control groups using block randomization. While all patients received recommended treatment based on guidelines from the national advisory committee for COVID-19 pandemic, the two intervention groups received two consecutive injections of MSCs (100 × 106 cells) or one dose of MSCs (100 × 106 cells) followed by one dose of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Patients were assessed for safety and efficacy by evaluating clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters, and inflammatory markers at baseline and 48 h after the second intervention. RESULTS: A total number of 43 patients (the MSC alone group = 11, MSC plus EV group = 8, and control group = 24) were included in the final analysis. Mortality was reported in three patients in the MSC alone group (RR: 0.49; 95% CI 0.14-1.11; P = 0.08); zero patient in the MSC plus EV group (RR: 0.08; 95% CI 0.005-1.26; P = 0.07) and eight patients in the control group. MSC infusion was associated with a decrease in inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 (P = 0.015), TNF-α (P = 0.034), IFN-γ (P = 0.024), and CRP (P = 0.041). CONCLUSION: MSCs and their extracellular vesicles can significantly reduce the serum levels of inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients, with no serious adverse events. Trial registration IRCT, IRCT registration number: IRCT20200217046526N2. Registered 13th April 2020, http://www.irct.ir/trial/47073 .

The First Live-Cell Based Product in The Iranian Drug List; ReColorCell®.

Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder that can significantly affect the quality of life in patients. However, current treatment strategies such as phototherapy, topical glucocorticosteroids, or systemic immunosuppressants can be helpful in vitiligo management, and treatments for disease stability which is the main challenge in vitiligo management. Novel therapeutic modalities have made promising advances in this regard. Molecular targeted therapy to target Janus-activated kinase (JAK) such as Tofacitinib and Ruxolitinib in addition to the cell-based treatments are innovative therapeutic options, which are recently used for vitiligo treatment. Transplantation of non-cultured melanocytes-keratinocytes have been studied in Iran and phase one data published in 2010 on 10 patients that continued on 300 patients as phase three in 2018. Cell Tech Pharmed™ Co. registered and applied this cell-based product, ReColorCell®, as a GMP certified by Iranian Food and Drug Administration (IR-FDA). On 11th December 2021, ReColorCell® officially registered as the first cell-based product in the Iranian drug list (IDL). Currently, the post-market study of this product is ongoing.

Malnutrition and its association with the mortality in liver cirrhosis; a prospective nutritional assessment in two referral centers in Iran.

INTRODUCTION: Liver cirrhosis is a chronic condition caused by different conditions including viral infection, alcoholism, and autoimmune disorders. Malnutrition is one of the complications of liver cirrhosis that is associated with poor outcomes. This study aimed to determine the association of malnutrition with mortality in liver cirrhosis patients. METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on liver cirrhosis patients who were referred to two referral centers for liver disease in Tehran, Iran. Patients' information including demographics (age, gender, etiology of cirrhosis, alcohol and smoking history) in addition to triceps skinfold (TSF), mid-arm circumference (MAC), Child-Pugh score and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score were recorded in all patients. Patients were classified into A, B, and C categories based on the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) questionnaire. RESULTS: Among 121 participants (68.6%) were males and the mean age was 54.78. Viral infections were the most common etiology and 65 patients (56.2%) were in the classification A of Child-Pugh Score. TSF (P = 0.001) and MAC (P = 0.003) were significantly lower in SGA class C. The survival rate in SGA class C was significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.001; log-rank test). The risk of mortality in patients with SGA class A and B was 85% (HR value: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.02-0.87; P = 0.03) and 76% (HR value: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.06-0.83; P = 0.02) lower than those with SGA class C. CONCLUSION: Anthropometric and SGA measure are two easy and accessible methods for assessing malnutrition and mortality in liver cirrhosis patients.

Coincidence of Candida Endophthalmitis, and Aspergillus and Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in a COVID-19 Patient: Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with immune system dysfunction and makes patients vulnerable to opportunistic infections. This report presents a patient with a history of COVID-19, suffering from opportunistic infections. CASE DESCRIPTION: We reported a 64-year-old man complaining of progressive visual loss in his left eye, who had previously been hospitalized for three weeks due to COVID-19. In the ophthalmologic assessment, large foci of dense subretinal and intraretinal infiltrations involving the macula were observed (compatible with endogenous fungal endophthalmitis). Real-time PCR result of intraocular fluid was positive for Candida spp. During subsequent hospitalization, the patient also suffered from fever and productive coughs (manifestations of pneumonia caused by Aspergillus fumigatus and Pneumocystis jirovecii). In response to antibiotic therapy, the fever and coughs subsided, and the ocular examination revealed a dramatic decrease in the size of retinal infiltrations. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with severe COVID-19, long-term ICU admission and immunosuppressive drugs lead to immune system dysfunction and make the patient more susceptible to opportunistic infections. Consequently, fungal pathogens such as Aspergillus, Pneumocystis jirovecii, and Candida spp. may cause infection in different body organs. Thus, clinicians should be alert and have clinical suspicion to diagnose accurately and manage patients accordingly.

National, subnational and risk attributed burden of chronic respiratory diseases in Iran from 1990 to 2019.

INTRODUCTION: Data on the distribution of the burden of diseases is vital for policymakers for the appropriate allocation of resources. In this study, we report the geographical and time trends of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) in Iran from 1990 to 2019 based on the Global burden of the Disease (GBD) study 2019. METHODS: Data were extracted from the GBD 2019 study to report the burden of CRDs through disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), mortality, incidence, prevalence, Years of Life lost (YLL), and Years Lost to Disability (YLD). Moreover, we reported the burden attributed to the risk factors with evidence of causation at national and subnational levels. We also performed a decomposition analysis to determine the roots of incidence changes. All data were measured as counts and age-standardized rates (ASR) divided by sex and age group. RESULTS: In 2019, the ASR of deaths, incidence, prevalence, and DALYs attributed to CRDs in Iran were 26.9 (23.2 to 29.1), 932.1 (799.7 to 1091.5), 5155.4 (4567.2 to 5859.6) and 587,911 (521,418 to 661,392) respectively. All burden measures were higher in males than females, but in older age groups, CRDs were more incident in females than males. While all crude numbers increased, all ASRs except for YLDs decreased over the studied period. Population growth was the main contributor to the changes in incidence at a national and subnational levels. The ASR of mortality in the province (Kerman) with the highest death rate (58.54 (29.42 to 68.73) was four times more than the province (Tehran) with the lowest death rate (14.52 (11.94 to 17.64)). The risk factors which imposed the most DALYs were smoking (216 (189.9 to 240.8)), ambient particulate matter pollution (117.9 (88.1 to 149.4)), and high body mass index (BMI) (57 (36.3 to 81.8)). Smoking was also the main risk factor in all provinces. CONCLUSION: Despite the overall decrease in ASR of burden measures, the crude counts are rising. Moreover, the ASIR of all CRDs except asthma is increasing. This suggests that the overall incidence of CRDs will continue to grow in the future, which calls for immediate action to reduce exposure to the known risk factors. Therefore, expanded national plans by policymakers are essential to prevent the economic and human burden of CRDs.

Evaluation of gut microbiota of iranian patients with celiac disease, non-celiac wheat sensitivity, and irritable bowel syndrome: are there any similarities?

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Individuals with celiac disease (CD), non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), show overlapping clinical symptoms and experience gut dysbiosis. A limited number of studies so far compared the gut microbiota among these intestinal conditions. This study aimed to investigate the similarities in the gut microbiota among patients with CD, NCWS, and IBS in comparison to healthy controls (HC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, in total 72 adult subjects, including CD (n = 15), NCWS (n = 12), IBS (n = 30), and HC (n = 15) were recruited. Fecal samples were collected from each individual. A quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) test using 16S ribosomal RNA was conducted on stool samples to assess the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium spp., and Lactobacillus spp. RESULTS: In all groups, Firmicutes and Lactobacillus spp. had the highest and lowest relative abundance respectively. The phylum Firmicutes had a higher relative abundance in CD patients than other groups. On the other hand, the phylum Bacteroidetes had the highest relative abundance among healthy subjects but the lowest in patients with NCWS. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. was lower in subjects with CD (P = 0.035) and IBS (P = 0.001) compared to the HCs. Also, the alteration of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio) was statistically significant in NCWS and CD patients compared to the HCs (P = 0.05). CONCLUSION: The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), as a powerful multivariate analysis, suggested that the investigated gut microbial profile of patients with IBS and NCWS share more similarities to the HCs. In contrast, patients with CD had the most dissimilarity compared to the other groups in the context of the studied gut microbiota.

QTc interval measurement in patients with right bundle branch block: A practical method.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Prolonging the QT interval in the right bundle branch block (RBBB) can create challenges for electrophysiologists in estimating repolarization time and eliminating the effect of depolarization changes on QT interval. In this study, we aimed to develop a practice formula to eliminate the effect of depolarization changes on QT interval in patients with RBBB. METHODS: This prospective study evaluated accidentally induced RBBB in patients undergoing electrophysiological study. Two expert electrophysiologists recorded the ECG parameters, including QRS duration, QT interval, and cycle length, in the patients. The formula was developed based on QT interval differences (with and without RBBB) and its proportion to QRS. Additionally, the Bazzet, Rautaharju, and Hodge formulas were used to evaluate QTc. RESULTS: We evaluated 96 patients in this study. The mean QT interval without RBBB was 369.39 ± 37.38, reaching 404.22 ± 39.23 after inducing RBBB. ΔQT was calculated as 34.83 ± 17.61, and the ratio of ΔQT/QRS with RBBB was almost 23%. Our formula is: (QTwith RBBB  - 23% × QRS). Subtraction of 25% instead of 23% seems more straightforward and practical. Our formula could also predict the QTc interval in RBBB based on the Bazzet, Rautaharju, and Hodge formulas. CONCLUSION: Previous formulas for QT correction were hard to apply in the clinical setting or were not specified for RBBB. Our new formula allows a rapid and practical method for QT correction in RBBB in clinical practice.

A Case of Bilateral Anesthesia Mumps after Cesarean Section under Spinal Anesthesia: A Rare Case and Literature Review.

A 30-year-old pregnant female presented to the emergency department with labor pain in her 39th week of pregnancy. Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia was the chosen route of delivery for this patient due to previous cesarean section in her first pregnancy. The delivery itself was uneventful but seven hours after the surgery, bilateral swelling of parotid glands were noted. Rehydration therapy and a single dose of hydrocortisone (100 mg IV route) were administered, and swellings were completely resolved on postoperative day 2. This is one of the rare cases of anesthesia mumps after spinal anesthesia, and we think rehydration therapy and the single dose corticosteroid may prove useful in these cases.

Hypertension in COVID-19, A Risk Factor for Infection or A Late Consequence?

There are a lot of data about the correlation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hypertension (HTN), but most of them are in the increased risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with HTN. SARS-CoV-2 can interfere with host cells through the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. RAS activation is associated with pro-inflammatory effects through the ACE/Ang II/ Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) pathway or anti-inflammatory effects through ACE2/Ang1-7/Mas axis. In the current paper, we discuss the pathophysiology of newly diagnosed HTN and its effect on morbidity in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

A case of jejunal GIST revealed by hematemesis: Unusual situation.

INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which can occur in majorly stomach, and rarely in the small intestine, rectum, and large intestine. We report a jejunal GIST presented with massive hematemesis in the current study. CASE PRESENTATION: A 39-years-old male, without any underlying history, was presented to our center with the complaint of massive hematemesis. Given the unstable hemodynamics of the patient, an upper GI endoscopy was requested, associated with a large amount of blood in the duodenal bulb without any sign of bleeding. The patient was sent to the operation room, and after laparotomy, a mass was seen in the jejunum, revealed as GIST after pathological study. DISCUSSION: Small-intestine-related etiologies are rare conditions related to upper GI bleeding (UGIB). Jejunal GIST usually manifests as asymptomatic subepithelial mass and is associated with abdominal discomfort or GI bleeding. Sudden unset bleeding is a rare manifestation of jejunal GIST, but it can be associated with the emergency outcome and may need emergency intervention. CONCLUSION: UGIB can occur in jejunal GIST, which should be considered in the management of UGIB.

Global assessment of characteristics of multiple sclerosis registries; A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Developing a multiple sclerosis (MS) registry system in some countries has helped to recognize better and monitor the disease. This study was aimed to compare global characteristics of MS registries and promote and update the national MS registry in Iran (NMSRI). METHODS: This systematic review was conducted through searching Embase® Scopus, Medline®, Conference Proceeding Citation Index and Google Scholar. Two distinct researchers defined the research question and appropriate keywords. The extracted articles passed through two screening filters. The remaining articles were scanned full-text and included in this study. The bias assessment was conducted through in a score between 0 and 9 and articles with a score of five and above were included in the final analysis according to methodological development and reporting of review approach. RESULTS: We found 1498 articles after the primary search, of which 26 articles were included in this study after removing 55 duplicate articles, 1367 irrelevant articles, six non-English articles, and 44 non-eligible articles. Fourteen MS registries from 12 countries were compared to each other in the context of goal, data collection, funding, quality control, and governance. MS registries majorly follow the evaluation of epidemiologic and treatments characteristics of MS patients, and usually established by national organizations and MS associations. MS registries in European nations are developed earlier than NMSRI; although, it have promising properties in regard to goal, data collection, quality control, and governance in comparison to other MS registries. CONCLUSION: The MS registry systems developed from 1956 in European countries for improving quality of care of subjects. We found that the NMSRI has used previous experiences well and has achieved promising properties equal to European countries. Financial challenges should be addressed to improve this registry in the following years.

Extraembryonic Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells in Liver Diseases: A Critical Revision of Promising Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products.

Liver disorders have been increasing globally in recent years. These diseases are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates and impose high care costs on the health system. Acute liver failure, chronic and congenital liver diseases, as well as hepatocellular carcinoma have been limitedly treated by whole organ transplantation so far. But novel treatments for liver disorders using cell-based approaches have emerged in recent years. Extra-embryonic tissues, including umbilical cord, amnion membrane, and chorion plate, contain multipotent stem cells. The pre-sent manuscript discusses potential application of extraembryonic mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, focusing on the management of liver diseases. Extra-embryonic MSC are characterized by robust and constitutive anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties, indicating as therapeutic agents for inflammatory conditions such as liver fibrosis or advanced cirrhosis, as well as chronic inflammatory settings or deranged immune responses.

Burn Injuries in People Who Used Drug, 2009 to 2017: A Case-Control Study in Shiraz, Southern Iran.

Burn injury is a critical health issue, which is associated with several morbidities and mortalities. Substance abuse, which is an important public health problem in Iran, can affect burn injury outcomes and etiologies in victims. This study was aimed to evaluate different aspects of burn injuries in people who used drug (PWUD) in two referral centers in the south of Iran. This case-control study was conducted on burn victims referred to Amir-al Momenin Hospital and Ghotb-al-din Hospital from 2009 to 2017. Patients with a history of drug consumption were selected from the database and compared to randomly selected burn victims with no history of drug use. Demographics, burn etiology, underlying disease, total body surface area, hospitalization duration, and also the outcomes were collected and recorded in both groups. Data analysis was done by SPSS software. A total of 5912 inpatients were included in this study, of which 2397 of them (40.54%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 26.12 ± 19.18. Drug history was positive in 659 patients (11.15%). Familial issues and mental disorders were significantly higher in the PWUD group compared to the control group (P < .001). Explosion etiology was significantly higher in the PWUD group (P < .001). Psychiatric disorders (P < .001), total body surface area (P = .023), and hospital stay (P < .001) were significantly higher in PWUD; however, the mortality rate had no statistically significant differences between the groups (P = .583). Substance abuse is a risk factor in burn victims, which can affect burn etiology and burn-related morbidities.