Combatting biofilms in potable water systems: A comprehensive overview to ensuring industrial water safety.

Biofilm formation in industrial potable water systems, encompassing applications such as drinking, emergency showers, firefighting and sanitary appliances, presents a multifaceted challenge that has significant implications for both equipment efficiency and human health. These microbial communities, comprised of bacteria, fungi and protozoa, adhere to surfaces and are embedded within an extracellular matrix, primarily of polysaccharide origin. The formation and persistence of these biofilms can lead to reduced system efficiency and potential health risks due to microbial-induced corrosion, contamination and waterborne pathogens. This review delves into the physicochemical and microbial factors promoting biofilm growth in these systems and elucidates contemporary strategies for their control and eradication. By harnessing advanced methodologies, including state-of-the-art filtration, disinfection techniques and predictive monitoring, stakeholders can proactively address biofilm-related challenges. The emphasis of this comprehensive overview is on the interdisciplinary nature of biofilm growth, combining insights from microbiology, engineering and water chemistry to pave the way for an integrative approach to ensuring consistent industrial water quality.

Biofilms Controlling in Industrial Cooling Water Systems: A Mini-Review of Strategies and Best Practices.

Biofilm formation and growth is a significant concern for water treatment professionals, as it can lead to the contamination of water systems and pose a threat to public health. Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms that adhere to surfaces and are embedded in an extracellular matrix of polysaccharides and proteins. They are notoriously difficult to control, as they provide a protective environment for bacteria, viruses, and other harmful organisms to grow and proliferate. This review article highlights some of the factors that favor biofilm growth, as well as various strategies for controlling biofilm in water systems. Adopting the best available technologies, such as wellhead protection programs, proper industrial cooling water system maintenance, and filtration and disinfection, can prevent the formation and growth of biofilms in water systems. A comprehensive and multifaceted approach to biofilm control can reduce the occurrence of biofilms and ensure the delivery of high-quality water to the industrial process.