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Background: Despite a UK 5-year breast cancer survival rate of 86.6%, patients may develop breast cancer recurrence within the same breast after breast conserving surgery, as well as in the remaining skin or chest wall after mastectomy or in the ipsilateral lymph glands. These recurrences, collectively termed locoregional recurrence (LRR), occur in around 8% of patients within 10 years of their original diagnosis. Currently, there is a lack of robust information on the presentation and prevalence of LRR with no UK-specific clinical guidelines available for the optimal management of this patient group. Additionally, there is a need to identify patterns of LRR presentation and their progression, which will enable prognostic factors to be determined. This will subsequently enable the tailoring of treatment and improve patient outcome. Methods: The MARECA study is a prospective, multicentre cohort study recruiting patients diagnosed with breast cancer LRR +/- associated distant metastases. Over 50 UK breast units are participating in the study with the aim of recruiting at least 500 patients over a recruitment period of 24 months. The data collected will detail the tumour pathology, imaging results, surgical treatment, radiotherapy and systemic therapy of the primary and recurrent breast cancer. Study follow-up will be for up to 5 years following LRR diagnosis to determine subsequent oncological outcomes and evaluate potential prognostic factors. Discussion: This study will address the current knowledge gap and identify subgroups of patients who have less successful treatment outcomes. The results will determine the current management of LRR and the prognosis of patients diagnosed with breast cancer LRR +/- distant metastases in the UK, with the aim of establishing best practice and informing future national guidelines. The results will direct future research and inform the design of additional interventional trials and translational studies.
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INTRODUCTION: Evidence based guidelines for the optimal management of breast cancer locoregional recurrence (LRR) are limited, with potential for variation in clinical practice. This national practice questionnaire (NPQ) was designed to establish the current practice of UK breast multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) regarding LRR management. METHODS: UK breast units were invited to take part in the MARECA study MDT NPQ. Scenario-based questions were used to elicit preference in pre-operative staging investigations, surgical management, and adjuvant therapy. RESULTS: 822 MDT members across 42 breast units (out of 144; 29%) participated in the NPQ (February-August 2021). Most units (95%) routinely performed staging CT scan, but bone scan was selectively performed (31%). For patients previously treated with breast conserving surgery (BCS) and radiotherapy, few units (7%) always/usually offered repeat BCS. However, in the absence of radiotherapy, most units (90%) always/usually offered repeat BCS. For patients presenting with isolated local recurrence following previous BCS and SLNB (sentinel lymph node biopsy), most units (95%) advocated repeat SLNB. Where SLNs could not be identified, 86% proceeded to a four-node axillary sampling procedure. For ER positive, HER2 negative, node negative local recurrence, 10% of units always/usually offered chemotherapy. For ER positive, HER2 negative, node positive local recurrence, this recommendation increased to 64%. For triple negative breast cancer local recurrence, 90% of units always/usually offered chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: This survey has highlighted where consistencies and variations exist in the multidisciplinary management of breast cancer LRR. However, further research is required to determine how these management patterns influence patient outcomes, which will further refine optimal treatment pathways.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Axila/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Toma de Decisiones , Femenino , Humanos , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático , Metástasis Linfática , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Biopsia del Ganglio Linfático Centinela/métodos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is the gold standard treatment for patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) but involves routine bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Young women wishing to maintain fertility may be reluctant to pursue this. An alternative strategy in women with low-grade PMP has been explored in the form of laparoscopic evacuation of pelvic and ovarian mucin with resection of the appendiceal tumour. METHODS: Between January 2012 and January 2015, four young women (aged 28-35 years) with PMP seeking to maintain fertility underwent laparoscopy, appendicectomy and pelvic mucinous evacuation and washout. Data regarding intra-operative and histopathological findings were collected. Endpoints were fertility-related outcomes and oncological follow-up. RESULTS: Infertility was a presenting symptom in three of the four women. All four had significant pelvic mucinous disease on radiological imaging and were offered CRS and HIPEC as definitive treatment, but chose laparoscopy with appendicectomy and copious irrigation and washout of the pelvis with stripping of mucinous disease off the ovarian surfaces. Postoperative histology demonstrated a low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) in all patients with acellular mucin or low-grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei in the peritoneal cavity. All patients successfully conceived subsequently and gave birth to healthy babies. After 12-29 months follow-up, all women are well with no radiological or laparoscopic evidence of disease recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with low-grade PMP, initial therapeutic laparoscopy can restore fertility, whilst providing short- to medium-term disease control. This modality in young women wishing to have children appears to be a feasible alternative to immediate CRS and HIPEC.
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OBJECTIVE: Infrapopliteal bypass is an established and effective method for limb salvage in patients with critical limb ischemia. Secondary interventions maybe required to maintain graft patency. The aim of this study was to look at the frequency and outcomes of such interventions. METHODS: Consecutive patients undergoing bypasses onto the infrapopliteal vessels for critical limb ischemia (Rutherford 4-6) at a single institution were analyzed between 2009 and 2013. The primary end points were graft patency, amputation-free survival (AFS), and freedom from reintervention at 12 months by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: A total of 114 infrapopliteal bypasses were performed in 102 patients. Distal anastomosis was on to the anterior tibial (n = 31), posterior tibial (n = 27), peroneal (n = 24), tibioperoneal trunk (n = 23), or dorsalis pedis artery (n = 9). Primary patency, assisted primary patency, and secondary patency was 57%, 76%, and 82%, respectively, at 12 months and 44%, 70%, and 80%, respectively, at 36 months. AFS was 80% at 12 months and 65% at 36 months. Endovascular salvage interventions were performed on 58 grafts (51%) including angioplasty of inflow/proximal anastomosis (33%), outflow/distal anastomosis (46%), and graft stenosis (20%), with a further 12 grafts (11%) undergoing thrombolysis for occlusion. Surgical salvage interventions included jump grafts (n = 7), revision of anastomotic stenosis (n = 3), and thrombectomy (n = 2). AFS was similar in salvaged threatened and acutely occluded grafts compared with nonthreatened grafts (P = .064) and better in grafts requiring reintervention later (>6 months from bypass) compared with those requiring early reintervention (<6 months; P = .047). CONCLUSIONS: Secondary interventions in threatened distal bypass grafts are successful at maintaining graft patency and AFS when compared with nonthreatened grafts, and are associated with a low morbidity rate.
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Procedimientos Endovasculares , Oclusión de Injerto Vascular/terapia , Isquemia/cirugía , Extremidad Inferior/irrigación sanguínea , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/cirugía , Arteria Poplítea/cirugía , Vena Safena/trasplante , Arterias Tibiales/cirugía , Injerto Vascular/efectos adversos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Amputación Quirúrgica , Enfermedad Crítica , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Endovasculares/mortalidad , Femenino , Oclusión de Injerto Vascular/diagnóstico , Oclusión de Injerto Vascular/etiología , Oclusión de Injerto Vascular/mortalidad , Oclusión de Injerto Vascular/fisiopatología , Humanos , Isquemia/diagnóstico , Isquemia/mortalidad , Isquemia/fisiopatología , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Recuperación del Miembro , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/mortalidad , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/fisiopatología , Arteria Poplítea/fisiopatología , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Reoperación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Vena Safena/fisiopatología , Arterias Tibiales/fisiopatología , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Injerto Vascular/mortalidad , Grado de Desobstrucción VascularRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Bladder cancers are not very common in the young population below 20 years of age, especially in those who have not been exposed to chemotherapy, bladder augmentation surgery and other known risk factors. By highlighting this case we hope to raise awareness in the medical community, that the symptom of visible haematuria can potentially be due to a bladder malignancy and therefore this should be thoroughly investigated. PRESENTATION OF CASE: An 18-year-old female presented with intermittent macroscopic haematuria and non-specific abdominal pain. Physical examination and routine blood tests were normal. An ultrasound scan initially showed a bladder wall lesion, which a flexible cystoscopy confirmed. Histology revealed grade 2 papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with no invasion into the lamina propria (G2pTa TCCB). DISCUSSION: We recognise through our literature review that paediatric bladder cancers are not commonly reported in the UK. In our paper we highlight the relevant major studies that have been carried out world-wide, the reported incidence so far and gaps in the evidence base. CONCLUSION: Despite the dearth of data about paediatric bladder malignancies there is enough case-based evidence, from world-wide sources, to support that bladder cancer must be suspected in the event of macroscopic haematuria. Ultrasound and cystoscopy are the standard diagnostic tools for bladder tumours. Endoscopic resection of the tumour followed up by interval ultrasound scans and flexible cystoscopy checks remain the mainstay of treatment hitherto.
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An independent expert panel conducted a multi-year research/education/advocacy initiative on the impact of the new drug-eluting stent technology. They conclude that this technology represents a "tipping point" in a series of transformative drugs and medical devices, often used in combination, and recommend that healthcare decision makers develop careful, data-based strategies to avoid the disruptiveness of these medical advances.