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Recently coronavirus outbreak which started in Wuhan, China, has caused international concern that has affected more than 29 lakh people worldwide and with no vaccine or specific antiviral drugs present as well as oblivious testing of carriers who are generally asymptomatic, the use of general health intervention techniques are failing to comply. As compared to other epidemics like severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle-East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), coronavirus (also named as COVID-19) exhibit mild symptoms in the majority of cases. But in the case of a vulnerable population, it can prove to be life-threatening. Relying on proper barrier technique, use of chest computed tomography scans, managing co-morbid conditions of susceptible patients, identifying the pattern of disease spread as well as the use of polymerase chain reaction to assess the specificity of cases will eventually prove to be efficacious since most of the positive cases are asymptomatic at the beginning which poses a challenge to the primary health care physicians. The development of vaccines will also take some time so it is better to know about COVID-19 better and also follow quarantine restrictions properly till then. In this review, we try to put forward all the relevant studies which have been published by the end of March 2020 so as to summarize the natural history, diagnosis as well as treatment strategies for eradicating COVID-19, which will help in managing this pandemic.
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AIM: The present study is designed to evaluate and compare the ability of serratiopeptidase and dexamethasone to control edema following the surgical removal of mandibular third molar. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two drugs, dexamethasone and serratiopeptidase, were compared for its efficacy in reducing the postoperative swelling. A total of 100 patients requiring the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar were randomly divided into two groups, consisting of 50 patients each. One group was administered 1 mg dexamethasone, one-half h preoperatively and every 8th hourly for 3 days postoperatively. The other group was given 10 mg serratiopeptidase every 8th hourly for 3 days postoperatively. The swelling was measured on 1st, 2nd, 5th, and 7th postoperative days. The results of this study showed that serratiopeptidase was effective in reducing swelling from 2nd to 5th postoperative day, and dexamethasone was effective in reducing swelling from 1st to 2nd postoperative day, further, it also reduced the swelling from 2nd to 5th postoperative day. RESULTS: There was highly significant difference in the facial measurement between serratiopeptidase and dexamethasone group on postoperative day 2 (the mean difference was 62.5 with P < 0.001) and statistically significant difference on postoperative day 1, day 5, and day 7 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that serratiopeptidase, a proteolytic enzyme and dexamethasone, a long-acting corticosteroid was effective in reducing the swelling, but dexamethasone was more effective than serratiopeptidase in reducing the swelling.
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BACKGROUND: Submucous fibrosis with a high incidence rate in the Indian subcontinent is a devastating disease affecting the oral cavity and oropharynx. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of injection placentrex and injection hydrocortisone in oral submucous fibrosis patients in increasing mouth opening, burning sensation, and improve the mucosal lining. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited 60 patients with Stage II and Stage III of the ailment, who were randomly divided into Group A and Group B. They were administered submucosal injections of hydrocortisone and placentrex along with physiotherapy and oral iron, nutrients, and B-carotene supplements over a period of 2 months. INTERPRETATIONS AND RESULTS: The pinnacle rate of the incidence was found in the age group of 30 to 40 years among both the genders. Statistically significant difference (P = 0.0001), that is, 5.19 ± 1.33 in Group A and 11.69 ± 1.26 mm in Group B was noted in the mean mouth opening values. Statistically significant difference in burning sensation was noted to be better in Group A than in Group B. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Overall hydrocortisone seems to be a better regimen for improving the mucosal health and increasing the mouth opening as compared to placentrix regimen. Although Placentrex is better than hydrocortisone in reducing burning sensation.
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Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a recent three-dimensional (3D) radiographic imaging modality used for the accurate diagnosis, management and follow-up of endodontic problems. In tooth with open apex and periapical lesion, the use of new obturation material such as white mineral trioxide aggregate (wMTA) facilitates faster and more predictable closure of root apex and periapical healing. The objective of this case report was to evaluate the role of CBCT and wMTA obturation in management of a permanent anterior tooth with open apex and periapical lesion. After CBCT evaluation of maxillary left central incisor with open apex and periapical lesion, it was endodontically treated with wMTA obturation. The patient was recalled regularly for 6 months. CBCT was found to be a useful tool for the diagnosis and post-operative evaluation of this case. The wMTA used for obturation in two visit endodontic treatment resulted in successful outcome, both clinically and radiographically.
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The aim of this case report is to present two cases where cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used for the diagnosis, treatment planning, and followup of large periapical lesions in relation to maxillary anterior teeth treated by endodontic surgery. Periapical disease may be detected sooner using CBCT, and their true size, extent, nature, and position can be assessed. It allows clinician to select the most relevant views of the area of interest resulting in improved detection of periapical lesions. CBCT scan may provide a better, more accurate, and faster method to differentially diagnose a solid (granuloma) from a fluid-filled lesion or cavity (cyst). In the present case report, endodontic treatment was performed for both the cases followed by endodontic surgery. Biopsy was done to establish the confirmatory histopathological diagnosis of the periapical lesions. Long-term assessment of the periapical healing following surgery was done in all the three dimensions using CBCT and was found to be more accurate than IOPA radiography. It was concluded that CBCT was a useful modality in making the diagnosis and treatment plan and assessing the outcome of endodontic surgery for large periapical lesions.
RESUMEN
Management of a tooth with open apex is a challenge to the dental practitioners. Evaluation of the periapical healing is required in such cases by radiographic techniques. The objective of this paper was to assess the healing of a periapical lesion in a non-vital tooth with open apex treated with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) obturation using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The endodontic treatment of a fractured non-vital discolored maxillary left lateral incisor with an open apex was done with MTA obturation. The clinical and radiographic followup done regularly showed that the tooth was clinically asymptomatic and that the size of the periapical lesion observed by intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiographs and CBCT was decreased remarkably after two years. CBCT and IOPA radiographs were found to be useful radiographic tools to assess the healing of a large periapical lesion in a non-vital tooth with open apex managed by MTA obturation.