Topical Chemotherapy for Treating Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia with a Combination of Interferon α-2b and 5-Fluorouracil.

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the efficacy of combined interferon α-2b (IFNα2b) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as primary treatment for ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). METHODS: In this retrospective study, 27 eyes with OSSN followed by topical application of combined IFNα2b and 5-FU were examined. Reported outcome measures were tumor response, visual acuity, time to complete resolution, recurrence and treatment complications. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients (17 male, 9 female) had a mean age of 63.9 (median, 67; range 22-83) years. Complete tumor response was observed in 24 eyes (88.9%). Three eyes (11.1%) showed partial response to the chemotherapy agents and later underwent surgical tumor removal. The median time to complete resolution was 6 (mean, 6.1; range, 3-11) weeks. Of these, the patients received between one to three cycles of 5-FU therapy (median, 2; mean, 1.8). Complications noted were transient irritation at 5-FU cycle (11 eyes, 40.7%). There was no tumor recurrence at mean follow-up of 16.1 (median, 12; range 6-38) months. CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy of IFNα2b and 5-FU was a safe and effective treatment, inducing a short duration of administration and low recurrence rate for OSSN. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Retrospectively registered, UHCT22048.

Changes in Meibum Lipid Composition With Ocular Demodex Infestation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of Demodex infection in the lipid component of meibum in patients. Methods: The meibum samples were collected from four groups of subjects: (1) Demodex-negative with non-MGD (D-M-; n = 10); (2) Demodex-positive with non-MGD (D+M-; n = 10); (3) Demodex-negative with MGD (D-M+; n = 10); and (4) Demodex-positive with MGD (D+M+; n = 10). A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) system consisting of ultra-performance liquid chromatography and a Q Exactive high-resolution mass spectrometer was used for lipids separation and detection. Results: Compared with the D-M- group, the D+M- group had lower levels of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and higher levels of phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs). Compared with the D-M+ group, the levels of sphingomyelins (SMs) and PCs in the D+M+ group were decreased, whereas the levels of (O-acyl)-ω-hydroxy fatty acids (OAHFAs), ceramides (CERs), LPCs, and diacylglycerols (DGs) were significantly increased. Triacylglycerols (TGs), DGs, CERs, and OAHFAs were decreased in D-M+ group, whereas levels of PEs, phosphatidylinositols, and phosphatidylglycerols were increased in meibum obtained from the D-M+ group compared with those in the D-M- group. TGs, SMs, CERs, and PEs were decreased in the D+M+ group, whereas levels of LPCs, LPEs, PCs, and PEs were increased in meibum from the D-M+ group compared with those in the D+M- group. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the changes in meibum from patients with ocular Demodex infestation. The significant increase of OAHFAs in the Demodex-positive group suggest that OAHFAs may be associated with the progress of ocular Demodex infections. Translational Relevance: OAHFAs could be a potential new therapeutic target for ocular Demodex infestation.

Intraorbital wooden foreign bodies: case series and literature review.

Intraorbital wooden foreign bodies (IOWFBs) constitute a relatively rare ocular trauma, which occupy a special type of intraorbital foreign bodies (IOFBs). Data regarding IOWFBs must be obtained from case reports or small case series due to their rarity. Here, we reported 5 cases of IOWFBs and reviewed the related literatures, which could provide comprehensive information regarding the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of IOWFBs. Combined with the published literature, a total of 51 independent cases were counted after we added 5 cases. Among them, the number of male and female patients was 35 and 16 respectively; the mean age was 27.3±18.2 (range 1-66)y. Obviously, the disorder seemed to occur mainly in young and middle-aged people. Because of the diversity in the clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of IOWFBs, misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis often occur during the initial visit. Delayed diagnosis may lead to a high risk of orbital infection caused by IOWFBs. Surgery is the treatment of choice for most patients; however, the missed diagnosis and residue of foreign bodies after previous surgery cannot be ignored. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis is governed by the detailed trauma history, careful ocular examination, close observation of clinical manifestations, correct imaging diagnosis [e.g., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomography (CT)], and timely and completely elimination of IOWFBs.