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The progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) often involves renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) and subsequent loss of peritubular capillaries (PTCs), which enhances disease severity. Despite advancements in our understanding of fibrosis, effective interventions for reversing capillary loss remain elusive. Notably, RIF exhibits reduced capillary density, whereas renal cell carcinoma (RCC) shows robust angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions. Using RNA sequencing and bioinformatics, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in hypoxic human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) and renal cancer cells (786-0). Analysis of altered Ras and PI3K/Akt pathways coupled with hub gene investigation revealed RAS protein activator-like 2 (RASAL2) as a key candidate. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed RASAL2's early-stage response in RIF, which reduced with fibrosis progression. RASAL2 suppression in HK-2 cells enhanced angiogenesis, as evidenced by increased proliferation, migration, and branching of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) co-cultured with HK-2 cells. In mice, RASAL2 knockdown improved Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels in unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO)-induced fibrosis (compared to wild type). Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) emerged as a pivotal mediator, substantiated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing, with its induction linked to activation. Hypoxia increased the production of RASAL2-enriched extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from tubular cells, which were internalized by endothelial cells, contributing to the exacerbation of PTC loss. These findings underscore RASAL2's role in mediating reduced angiogenesis in RIF and reveal a novel EV-mediated communication between hypoxic tubular- and endothelial cells, demonstrating a complex interplay between angiogenesis and fibrosis in CKD pathogenesis.
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Fibrosis , Proteínas Activadoras de GTPasa , Riñón , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Hipoxia de la Célula , Línea Celular , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Hipoxia/patología , Hipoxia/metabolismo , Riñón/irrigación sanguínea , Riñón/patología , Riñón/metabolismo , Túbulos Renales/patología , Túbulos Renales/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Rarefacción Microvascular/metabolismo , Rarefacción Microvascular/patología , Rarefacción Microvascular/genética , Neovascularización Patológica/metabolismo , Neovascularización Patológica/genética , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/metabolismo , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/patología , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/genética , Proteínas Activadoras de GTPasa/genética , Proteínas Activadoras de GTPasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Indolent lymphoma, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and follicular lymphoma (FL), can undergo histological transformation into an aggressive subtype, typically diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The prognosis of transformed lymphoma is poor. In this study, we reported the efficacy and toxicity of a combination of venetoclax, dose-adjusted rituximab or obinutuzumab, etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (VR-DA-EPOCH or VG-DA-EPOCH) in 11 patients with biopsy-proven histology transformation into DLBCL, including 8 patients with RT and 3 with transformed FL (tFL). The study was conducted between October 2019 and March 2023 at our single center. The median age of participants at enrolment was 53 years. Six patients (85.7%, 6/7) achieved complete remission (CR) at the end of treatment. The best overall response rate (ORR) and CR rate were both 72.7%, respectively. Two patients received autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplant (ASCT) while two patients received ASCT concurrently with CAR-T therapy for consolidation. With a median follow-up of 13.5 (range, 2.4-29.8) months after enrollment, the median event-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival were 9.4, 11.5, and 17.5 months, respectively. Hematologic toxicities of grade ≥3 consisted of neutropenia (90.9%, 10/11), thrombocytopenia (63.6%, 7/11), and febrile neutropenia (54.5%, 6/11). In conclusion, VR-DA-EPOCH or VG-DA-EPOCH was a promising strategy to achieve an early remission, bridging to cellular therapy within this population.
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Compuestos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos con Puentes , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso , Linfoma no Hodgkin , Sulfonamidas , Realidad Virtual , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prednisona , Vincristina , Etopósido , Anticuerpos Monoclonales de Origen Murino , Ciclofosfamida , Rituximab , Linfoma no Hodgkin/tratamiento farmacológico , Doxorrubicina , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/tratamiento farmacológico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is a key feature of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized by tubular epithelial cell (TEC) hypoxia and peritubular capillary (PTC) rarefaction. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis of hypoxic and normoxic HK-2 cells, identifying 572 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequent Gene Ontology (GO), proteinâprotein interaction (PPI) network, and hub gene analyses revealed significant enrichment of DEGs in the HIF-1 signaling pathway based on KEGG enrichment analysis. To further explore TEC modulation under hypoxic conditions, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing targeting HIF-1α, identifying 2915 genes potentially regulated by HIF-1α. By comparing RNA sequencing and ChIP sequencing data, we identified 43 overlapping DEGs. By performing GO analysis and peak annotation with IGV, we identified two candidate molecules, VEGFA and BTG1, that are associated with angiogenesis and whose gene sequences were reliably bound by HIF-1α. Our study elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying RIF, providing valuable insights for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Rarefacción Microvascular , Humanos , Mapas de Interacción de Proteínas/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Hipoxia/genética , Biología Computacional , FibrosisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The standard treatment for advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer (AGC/GEJC) is palliative chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy. The SOX regimen (S-1 plus oxaliplatin) is recommended as neoadjuvant or palliative first-line chemotherapy in Asian patients. Apatinib, an oral VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is associated with additional survival benefit as third- or subsequent-line therapy. However, the median overall survival time of AGC/GEJC is only 8-11 months in the West and 13-17 months in East Asia/Japan, even with the application of anti-angiogenic agents. Hence, the multimodal and individual management of patients is challenging standards to improve prognosis, including the preferential use of low-dose anti-angiogenic drugs and immunotherapy, as well as the application of multi-disciplinary treatment (MDT)-directed conversion therapy. METHODS/DESIGN: This single-center study was designed to combine low-dose apatinib with camrelizumab plus the SOX regimen in diagnosed potentially resectable and initially unresectable AGC/GEJC. This a prospective, open-label, single-arm, dose escalation and extension phase Ib clinical trial, conducted in Jiangsu Province Hospital, beginning from June 2020. All patients will first receive this combined regimen (3 weeks/cycle) for at most eight cycles, then apatinib and camrelizumab in maintenance therapy until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, death, a maximum 2 years of treatment or discontinuation for any reason. Follow-up and evaluation will be carried out regularly. If surgery is allowed by MDT discussions, oral apatinib will be discontinued during the last preoperative cycle. The primary endpoints are the objective response rate and maximum tolerated dose according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria (version 1.1) and the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) criteria (version 5.0). DISCUSSION: This study will assess the response and side effects of AGC/GEJC patients in the use of low-dose apatinib combined with camrelizumab and the SOX regimen, and this combined therapy is expected to be a feasible and optimized first-line treatment option. In addition, this study will provide robust evidence and novel ideas for conversion therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR.gov.cn: ChiCTR2000034109.
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OBJECTIVES: Sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5), a spindle-binding protein, regulates the process of mitosis. The present study focused on the relationship between SPAG5 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of ovarian cancer. METHODS: First, we used the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to analyze SPAG5 expression in ovarian cancer and its clinical relevance. Subsequently, qPCR test was used to detect SPAG5 mRNA expression in 20 cases of ovarian cancer. The expression of SPAG5 protein in a tissue microarray containing 102 cases of ovarian cancer was detected by immunohistochemistry. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed to identify the prognostic factors for the 102 ovarian cancer patients. RESULTS: In the GEO datasets, SPAG5 mRNA expression was significantly higher in ovarian cancer tissues than that in normal ovarian tissues (P < 0.001). qPCR and immunohistochemistry showed that SPAG5 expression in ovarian cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissues (P = 0.002, P < 0.001). The high expression of SPAG5 in ovarian cancer was correlated with histological type (P = 0.009), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), distant metastasis (P = 0.001), TNM stage (P = 0.001), and prognosis (P = 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier curve indicated that rates of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were even lower in patients with high SPAG5 expression. Multivariate analysis showed that SPAG5 expression (P = 0.001) and TNM staging (P = 0.002) were independent prognostic factors for the DFS of ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that high SPAG5 expression was correlated with multiple clinicopathological features of ovarian cancer and can be used as an evaluation indicator for a poor ovarian cancer prognosis.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/análisis , Neoplasias Ováricas/química , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Bases de Datos Genéticas , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Ováricas/genética , Neoplasias Ováricas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Ováricas/cirugía , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease that is associated with high mortality; currently, there is no curative and reliable treatment. Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3 (CELSR3) is the key signaling molecule in the wingless and INT-1/planar cell polarity (WNT/PCP) pathway. This study aimed to elucidate the prognostic significance of CELSR3 in HCC patients. METHODS: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) database and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to analyze the expression of CELSR3 mRNA in HCC samples and cells. The relationship between CELSR3 mRNA and clinical features was assessed by the chi-square test. the diagnostic and predictive value of CELSR3 mRNA expression were analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the prognostic value of CELSR3 mRNA in HCC patients. Finally, all three cohorts database was used for gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA) and the identification of CELSR3-related signal transduction pathways. RESULTS: The expression of CELSR3 mRNA was upregulated in HCC, and its expression was correlated with age (P = 0.025), tumor status (P = 0.022), clinical stage (P = 0.003), T classification (P = 0.010), vital status (P = 0.001), and relapse (P = 0.005). The ROC curve assessment indicated that CELSR3 mRNA expression has high diagnostic value in HCC and in the subgroup analysis of stage. In addition, the Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox analyses suggested that patients with high CELSR3 mRNA expression have a poor prognosis, indicating that CELSR3 mRNA is an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival of HCC patients. GSEA showed that GO somatic diversification of immune receptors, GO endonuclease activity, GO DNA repair complex and GO somatic cell DNA recombination, were differentially enriched in the meta-GEO cohort, the HCC cell line cohort and the TCGA cohort of the high CELSR3 mRNA expression phenotype. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that CELSR3 mRNA is involved in the progression of cancer and can be used as a biomarker for the prognosis of HCC patients.
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PURPOSE: Although MAGEC2 was first cloned from a human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cDNA library by serum screening, the detailed attributes of MAGEC2 in HCC have rarely been elucidated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this study, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were consulted to analyse the expression of MAGEC2 mRNA in liver cancer. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was performed to detect MAGEC2 expression in HCC, and the relationship between MAGEC2 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of HCC patients was evaluated. Then, we employed the short hairpin (sh)RNA-mediated knockdown of MAGEC2 in HCC cell lines to explore the function of MAGEC2 in HCC development. Finally, the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in HCC xenografts and clinical samples was investigated. RESULTS: The results showed a remarkably higher level of MAGEC2 expression in HCC tissues than in noncancerous tissues, and MAGEC2 expression could be used as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in HCC. Moreover, sh-MAGEC2 inhibited a series of HCC malignant behaviours both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, decreased MAGEC2 expression and low levels of EMT markers were detected in sh-MAGEC2 xenografts, while increased MAGEC2 expression and high levels of EMT markers were observed in invasive and metastatic HCC samples. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our data imply that MAGEC2 is a novel prognostic marker for HCC and that MAGEC2 significantly promotes HCC tumourigenesis by inducing EMT. Targeting MAGEC2 may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment.
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OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the correlation between α B-crystallin (CRYAB, HSPB5) and p53 expression in ovarian cancer and further analyzed the relationship between their expression and clinicopathology and the prognostic value of their co-expression in ovarian cancer. METHODS: CRYAB and p53 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry on ovarian cancer tumor tissues from 103 cases and validated in an independent group of 103 ovarian cancer patients. RESULTS: High CRYAB and p53 expression rates in ovarian cancer tissues were 61.17% (63/103) and 57.28% (59/103), respectively, and their expression was positively correlated (r = 0.525, P=0.000). High CRYAB expression was significantly correlated with tumor size (P=0.028), lymph node metastasis (P=0.000), distant metastasis (P=0.005), tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (P=0.002), and survival (P=0.000), while high p53 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size (P=0.006), pathological grade (P=0.023), lymph node metastasis (P=0.001), and survival (P=0.000). Further studies found that the high CRYAB and p53 co-expression was also significantly correlated with pathological grade (P=0.024), lymph node metastasis (P=0.000), Distant metastasis (P=0.015), TNM stage (P=0.013), and survival (P=0.000). High expression of either CRYAB or p53 and high co-expression of CRYAB and p53 were significantly correlated with poor disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), respectively (P<0.05). Patients with high CRYAB and p53 co-expression had the worst prognoses among the groups. In addition, multivariate Cox regression models showed that high expression of either CRYAB or p53 and high co-expression of CRYAB and p53 were independent prognostic factors for DFS and OS (P<0.05). Moreover, the positive correlation and prognostic value of CRYAB and p53 expression were verified in another independent dataset. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that patients with high CRYAB and p53 co-expression in ovarian cancer have significantly increased risks of recurrence, metastasis, and death compared with other patients. Therefore, more frequent follow-up of patients with high CRYAB and p53 co-expression is required. Our results also suggest that combination therapy with CRYAB inhibitors and p53 blockers may benefit future treatment of ovarian cancer patients with high co-expression of CRYAB and p53.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Neoplasias Ováricas/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Cadena B de alfa-Cristalina/genética , Anciano , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/genética , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Metástasis Linfática , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Ováricas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos ProporcionalesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Carbonic anhydrase XII (CA XII) is a key mediator of several signaling pathways that are involved in cancer development. This study was designed to investigate the clinical significance and prognostic value of postoperative CA XII expression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on HCC tissue (n = 90), and the relationships between CA XII expression in the HCC tissue, the clinicopathologic features, and survival were further evaluated. The mRNA expression of CA XII and clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. RESULTS: CA XII was overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues compared to normal liver tissues from the TCGA database. Moreover, CA XII mRNA expression was significantly associated with several clinicopathologic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma including sex (P = 0.011) and pathologic grade (P = 0.012). For HCC tissue samples in a tissue microarray (TMA), high CA XII protein expression was closely related to age (P = 0.013), tumor size (P = 0.014), and pathological grade (P = 0.015). A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that elevated CA XII expression was associated with short disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.002) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.006). In addition, a multivariate analysis showed that high CA XII expression was an independent prognostic indicator for disease-free survival (P = 0.018), but not overall survival, in HCC patients. CONCLUSION: This study showed that high CA XII expression was associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients.
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Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by excessive angiogenesis, while chronic kidney disease (CKD) suffers from the opposite problem-failure of reparative angiogenesis. It can be due to their different responses to hypoxic environment. But the specific molecular regulators are still unclear. This study is aimed to explore the influence of human renal cell cancer cells (786-0) and human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) on RECK expression, proliferation, and angiogenesis of adjacent microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) under chemical hypoxia. Cobalt chloride (CoCl2 ) treatment was used to simulate the hypoxia environment in RCC and CKD. Co-culture, cell proliferation assay, and tube formation assay were used to evaluate the influence of 786-0 or HK-2 cells on proliferation and angiogenesis of adjacent HMEC-1 cells. Effects of different environments on RECK expressions in 786-0, HK2, or HMEC-1 cells were determined by Western blot. We found that both 786-0 cells and HK2 cells can upregulate RECK expression of adjacent HMEC-1 cells in normoxic conditions. However, under hypoxia, the HMEC-1 cells co-cultured with 786-0 significantly reduced RECK expression and there was no significant change in HMEC-1 cells co-cultured with HK2 cells. We also found that 786-0 significantly enhanced the proliferation and angiogenesis of adjacent HMEC-1 cells. Our results suggested that some paracrine substances produced by 786-0 cells may reduce RECK expression of adjacent HMEC-1 cells and enhance their proliferation and in vitro angiogenic capacity.
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Carcinoma de Células Renales/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Proteínas Ligadas a GPI/biosíntesis , Neoplasias Renales/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Renales/irrigación sanguínea , Carcinoma de Células Renales/patología , Hipoxia de la Célula/fisiología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/fisiología , Células Cultivadas , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Células Endoteliales/citología , Proteínas Ligadas a GPI/genética , Proteínas Ligadas a GPI/metabolismo , Humanos , Neoplasias Renales/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Neovascularización Patológica/metabolismo , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismoRESUMEN
Alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB, HSPB5) is a protein that was first discovered in the lens of the eye. It is a member of the small heat-shock protein family (sHsps). CRYAB functions primarily as a molecular chaperone to prevent the aggregation and degradation of damaged unfolded proteins due to cellular damage resulting from heat shock, radiation, oxidative stress, and other insults, thereby promoting cell survival and preventing apoptosis. In recent years, the role of CRYAB in tumorigenesis, tumor invasion, and metastasis has received increasing attention. CRYAB is highly expressed in a variety of cancers, including breast cancer, head and neck cancer, and kidney cancer, and is likely associated with the prognosis of cancer. However, few studies have examined CRYAB in colorectal cancer (CRC). To study the effect of CRYAB on CRC, we transfected the CRC cell line SW480, which expresses high levels of CRYAB, with a lentiviral vector that inhibits CRYAB expression. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of CRYAB was examined in the transfected SW480 cells (Si-CRYAB) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting (WB) assays. Moreover, a growth curve was plotted to examine the proliferation of Si-CRYAB cells, and transwell assays were used to examine the migration of Si-CRYAB cells. Apoptosis and the cell cycle were examined in Si-CRYAB cells using flow cytometry (FCM), and the tumorigenic capability of Si-CRYAB cells was assessed in a nude mouse tumor model. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed to examine CRYAB protein expression and the markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), such as E-cadherin, fibronectin, vimentin, and slug, in tumor tissues from nude mice and clinical invasive CRC and hepatic metastasis specimens. The qPCR and WB results showed that CRYAB was downregulated at the protein and mRNA level in Si-CRYAB cells, and the growth curve indicated that the proliferation of Si-CRYAB cells was reduced. Moreover, Si-CRYAB cells exhibited reduced migration capability in the transwell assay as well as increased apoptosis and G1 arrest in the FCM assay. The tumorigenesis study in nude mice showed that Si-CRYAB cells formed smaller tumors, indicating decreased tumorigenic capability. IHC results showed reduced CRYAB expression and lower levels of EMT in Si-CRYAB cells, whereas clinical specimens of invasive CRC and hepatic metastases exhibited elevated CRYAB expression and enhanced levels of EMT. These results demonstrated that CRYAB promoted the invasion and metastasis of CRC tumor cells via EMT.
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Movimiento Celular , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Cadena B de alfa-Cristalina/metabolismo , Animales , Apoptosis , Ciclo Celular , Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
Background and Aims: Hypoxia and oxidative stress contribute toward liver fibrosis. In this experiment, we used small hairpin RNA (shRNA) to interfere with the intracellular oxygen sensor-prolyl hydroxylase 1 (PHD1) and the intracellular oxidative stress sensor-kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1) in the hypoxic hepatocytes in order to investigate the function of PHD1and Keap1. Methods: We first established the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model, subsequently, the levels of the PHD1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α), Keap1, and nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were detected in liver tissues. Simultaneously, AML12 cells co-transfected with PHD1 and Keap1shRNAs were constructed in vitro, then the intracellular oxidative stress, the proportion of cells undergoing apoptosis, and cell viability were measured. The expression of pro-fibrogenic molecules were analyzed via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The level of alpha-1 type I collagen (COL1A1) was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Finally, serum-free "conditioned medium" (CM) from the supernatant of hypoxic AML12 hepatocytes was used to culture rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6), and the levels of fibrosis-related molecules, apoptosis, and cell proliferation were determined. Results: The marker of hypoxia-HIF-1α and HIF-2α in the livers with fibrosis were upregulated, however, the increase in PHD1 expression was not statistically significant in comparison to the control group. Sign of oxidative stress-Keap1 was increased, while the expression of Nrf2, one of the Keap1 main downstream molecules, was reduced in the hepatocytes. And in vitro, the double-knockdown of PHD1 and Keap1 in AML12 hepatocytes presented with decreased hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, furthermore, these hypoxic AML12 cells showed the increased cell viability and the doweregulated expression of pro-fibrogenic molecules. In addition, HSC-T6 cells cultured in the hypoxic double-knockdown CM demonstrated the downregulation of fibrosis-related molecules, diminished cell proliferation, and enhanced apoptosis. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that double-knockdown of PHD1 and Keap1 attenuated hypoxia and oxidative stress induced injury in the hepatocytes, and subsequently inhibited HSC activation, which offers a novel therapeutic strategy in the prophylaxis and treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Anorectal malignant melanoma is a very rare but lethal disease. Patients with anorectal malignant melanoma commonly complain for changes in bowel habits and rectal bleeding. Therefore, anorectal malignant melanoma is often misdiagnosed as hemorrhoids, polyp or rectal cancer. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for patients with anorectal malignant melanoma. However, whether abdominoperineal resection or wide local excision is the most appropriate surgical approach is still a controversial issue. Recently, with the great development of laparoscopic techniques, more and more operations can be performed by laparoscopic techniques. However, laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for management of anorectal malignant melanoma has been rarely reported. In this study, we reported 4 patients with anorectal malignant melanoma underwent laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection. The outcomes of these patients were relatively good during a long time follow-up. Meanwhile, we reviewed the relevant studies with particular focus surgical treatment.
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BACKGROUND: Rab27A is a peculiar member in Rab family and has been suggested to play essential roles in the development of human cancers. However, the association between Rab27A expression and clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been elucidated yet. METHODS: One-step quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) test with 18 fresh-frozen CRC samples and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis in 112 CRC cases were executed to evaluate the relationship between Rab27A expression and the clinicopathological features of CRC. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed to identify the prognostic factors for 112 CRC patients. RESULTS: The results specified that the expression levels of Rab27A mRNA and protein were significantly higher in CRC tissues than that in matched non-cancerous tissues, in both qPCR test (p = 0.029) and IHC analysis (p = 0.020). The IHC data indicated that the Rab27A protein expression in CRC was statistically correlated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.022) and TNM stage (p = 0.026). Cox multi-factor analysis and Kaplan-Meier method suggested Rab27A protein expression (p = 0.012) and tumor differentiation (p = 0.004) were significantly associated with the overall survival of CRC patients. CONCLUSION: The data indicated the differentiate expression of Rab27A in CRC tissues and matched non-cancerous tissues. Rab27A may be used as a valuable prognostic biomarker for CRC patients.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Neoplasias Colorrectales/enzimología , Proteínas de Unión al GTP rab/análisis , Anciano , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Diferenciación Celular , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Colectomía , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , ARN Mensajero/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Estudios Retrospectivos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Regulación hacia Arriba , Proteínas de Unión al GTP rab/genética , Proteínas rab27 de Unión a GTPRESUMEN
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by patchy or diffuse eosinophilic infiltration of the bowel wall to a variable depth and various gastrointestinal manifestations. We describe a case of severe eosinophilic gastroenteritis presenting as frequent bowel obstruction and diarrhea in a 35-year-old man. The patient was misdiagnosed and underwent surgery because of intestinal obstruction when he was first admitted to a local hospital. Then he was misdiagnosed as having Crohn's disease in another university teaching hospital. Finally, the patient asked for further treatment from our hospital because of the on-going clinical trial for treating refractory Crohn's disease by fecal microbiota transplantation. Physical examination revealed a slight distended abdomen with diffuse tenderness. Laboratory investigation showed the total number of normal leukocytes with neutrophilia as 90.5%, as well as eosinopenia, monocytopenia and lymphocytopenia. Barium radiography and sigmoidoscopy confirmed inflammatory stenosis of the sigmoid colon. We diagnosed the patient as having eosinophilic gastroenteritis by multi-examinations. The patient was treated by fecal microbiota transplantation combined with oral prednisone, and was free from gastrointestinal symptoms at the time when we reported his disease. This case highlights the importance of awareness of manifestations of a rare disease like eosinophilic gastroenteritis.
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Terapia Biológica/métodos , Errores Diagnósticos , Enteritis/terapia , Eosinofilia/terapia , Heces/microbiología , Gastritis/terapia , Glucocorticoides/uso terapéutico , Prednisona/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Biopsia , Colonoscopía , Medios de Contraste , Enteritis/complicaciones , Enteritis/diagnóstico , Enteritis/microbiología , Eosinofilia/complicaciones , Eosinofilia/diagnóstico , Eosinofilia/microbiología , Gastritis/complicaciones , Gastritis/diagnóstico , Gastritis/microbiología , Humanos , Masculino , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB) is primarily found as major structural proteins of the ocular lens and is a principal member of the small heat shock protein (HSP) family. So far, CRYAB has been suggested to play critical roles in the development of several kinds of human cancers. However, the association between CRYAB expression and clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been elucidated yet. In the present study, one-step quantitative PCR reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of 18 samples of CRC and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis with 100 cases of CRC sample in tissue microarrays (TMA) were employed to evaluate the expression of CRYAB in CRC. The results suggested that CRYAB expression in the mRNA and protein levels was significantly higher in CRC tissues than in corresponding non-cancerous tissues (P < 0.05 and P = 0.014, respectively). The expression of CRYAB protein in CRC was significantly associated with distant metastasis (P = 0.040) and overall survival (P = 0.003). Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate survival analysis indicated that high expression of CRYAB (P = 0.040) and distant metastasis (P = 0.005) showed significant correlations with poor prognosis of CRC patients. The data imply that CRYAB expression is correlated with substantial clinical characteristics of CRC, and it may be identified as an unfavorable prognostic factor for CRC.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Neoplasias Colorrectales/química , Cadena B de alfa-Cristalina/análisis , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , ARN Mensajero/análisis , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Estudios Retrospectivos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Análisis de Matrices Tisulares , Regulación hacia Arriba , Cadena B de alfa-Cristalina/genéticaRESUMEN
Inositol polyphosphate phosphatase-like 1 (INPPL1), also known as SH2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2), has been suggested to act downstream of the PI3K/AKT pathway and play an important function in tumor development and progression. However, the associations between SHIP2 expression and the clinical features to determine its clinicopathologic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been investigated. In the present study, one-step quantitative PCR reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis with HCC tissue microarrays (TMA) were employed to evaluate the expression of SHIP2 in HCC. The results showed that SHIP2 expression in the mRNA and protein levels was significantly higher in HCC tissue than in corresponding non-cancerous tissue (p = 0.0014 and p < 0.001, respectively). The expression of SHIP2 protein in HCC was related to tumor differentiation, α-fetoprotein level, liver cirrhosis, and five-year survival rate (all p < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test indicated that high expression of SHIP2 (p = 0.017) and tumor differentiation (p = 0.036) showed significant correlations with poor prognosis of HCC patients. The data indicate that SHIP2 expression is correlated with significant characteristics of HCC, and it may be useful as an unfavorable prognostic factor in HCC.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/enzimología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/enzimología , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas/análisis , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidad , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Diferenciación Celular , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Cirrosis Hepática/enzimología , Cirrosis Hepática/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fosfatidilinositol-3,4,5-Trifosfato 5-Fosfatasas , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas/genética , Pronóstico , ARN Mensajero/análisis , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Factores de Tiempo , Análisis de Matrices Tisulares , alfa-Fetoproteínas/análisisRESUMEN
Normal saline is the most popular agent used during endoscopic submucosal injection. However, endoscopists have never identified an optimal submucosal injection solution, which is not only safe and cost-effective but has a unique lifting ability with endoscopic submucosal cushion and causes less tissue damage. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and microscopic characteristics of a blood solution, including whole blood and plasma solution, as a submucosal cushioning agent, compared with normal saline. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) procedures in pig stomachs were performed by injecting plasma solution (n=4) and normal saline (n=4). A total of 38 patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms underwent endoscopic musocal resection (EMR) procedures. Of 38 EMRs, 7 used whole blood injection, and 31 of 38 acting as the control group used normal saline. A tissue damage scoring system was developed based on injection-induced hydrops and tears for the evaluation of tissue damage. In animal experiments, the lifting time of the injection with normal saline in the pig colon was shorter than that of the group with plasma solution (18.25±5.44 min vs. 6.5±2.38 min, P=0.007). In animal experiments with ESD procedures in the stomach, the hydrops in the normal saline injection group were more extensive than those in the group with plasma (P=0.011). The degree of tearing in the group with normal saline was observed to be less than that in the group with plasma (P=0.008). In patients with EMR, using the histological scoring method, it was determined that the degree of hydrops in the group with normal saline injection was more extensive than that in the group with whole blood (P<0.001). The effective submucosal tearing in the group with normal saline was less than that in the group with blood (P<0.001). The blood solution, including whole blood and plasma solution, as a novel submucosal injection agent, may outperform normal saline with a unique lifting ability, less pronounced tissue damage and marked effective submucosal blunt dissection.
RESUMEN
Biological therapies can be beneficial in cancer patients. The present study aims to examine the inhibitory mechanism of curcumin on cancer cells in patients with colorectal cancer. The results showed that curcumin administration increased body weight, decreased serum TNF-alpha levels, increased apoptotic tumor cells, enhanced expression of p53 molecule in tumor tissue, and modulated tumor cell apoptotic pathway. We conclude that the curcumin treatment improves the general health of patients with colorectal cancer via the mechanism of increased p53 molecule expression in tumor cells and consequently speeds up tumor cell apoptosis.
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Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Caquexia/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Curcumina/uso terapéutico , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Caquexia/etiología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/complicaciones , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Terapia Combinada , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos del Sistema Digestivo , Método Doble Ciego , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Etiquetado Corte-Fin in Situ , Masculino , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Radioterapia , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
AIM: To investigate the early metastasis-associated proteins in sentinel lymph node micrometastasis (SLNMM) of colorectal cancer (CRC) through comparative proteome. METHODS: Hydrophobic protein samples were extracted from individual-matched normal lymph nodes (NLN) and SLNMM of CRC. Differentially expressed protein spots were detected by two-dimensional electrophoresis and image analysis, and subsequently identified by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: Forty proteins were differentially expressed in NLN and SLNMM, and 4 metastasis-concerned proteins highly expressed in SLNMM were identified to be hnRNP A1, Ezrin, tubulin ß-2C and Annexin A1. Further immunohistochemistry staining of these four proteins showed their clinicopathological characteristics in lymph node metastasis of CRC. CONCLUSION: Variations of hydrophobic protein expression in NLN and SLNMM of CRC and increased expression of hnRNP A1, Ezrin, tubulin ß-2C and Annexin A1 in SLNMM suggest a significantly elevated early CRC metastasis.