Exploring optimal pathways for enterprise procurement management systems based on fast neural modeling and semantic segmentation.

Corporate procurement management assumes a pivotal role within the contemporary business landscape, yet confronts an array of challenges as markets continue to evolve and globalize. Conventional procurement management systems frequently grapple with issues of inefficiency, resource depletion, and noncompliance, necessitating the exploration of innovative avenues for optimization. This paper delves into the realm of risk mitigation associated with collusion behavior in the administration of intelligent procurement systems, presenting a novel procurement collusion identification model founded on a convolutional neural network (CNN) with reinforcement learning techniques. This framework commences with the application of a CNN and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network for in-depth feature analysis and initial identification of historical procurement data, subsequently leveraging reinforcement learning methodologies to enhance the model's autonomy and intelligence for the purpose of optimization. Throughout the experimental phase, diverse domains of procurement data were meticulously selected for analysis. The empirical findings unequivocally demonstrate the model's proficiency, with an average recognition accuracy of 95.1% across five publicly available datasets. This performance surpasses existing machine learning methodologies employed in contemporary research and common recognition networks, thereby offering a pioneering reference point for the intelligent administration and optimization of future procurement systems.

Mechanistic Elucidation of Activation/Deactivation Signal Transduction within Neurotensin Receptor 1 Triggered by 'Driver Chemical Groups' of Modulators: A Comparative Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Small-molecule modulators of neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1), a class A G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), has emerged as promising therapeutic agent for psychiatric disorders and cancer. Interestingly, a chemical group substitution in NTSR1 modulators can launch different types of downstream regulation, highlighting the significance of deciphering the internal fine-tuning mechanism. Here, we conducted a synergistic application of a Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics simulation, a conventional molecular dynamics simulation, and Markov state models (MSM) to investigate the underlying mechanism of 'driver chemical groups' of modulators triggering inverse signaling. The results indicated that the flexibility of the leucine moiety in NTSR1 agonists contributes to the inward displacement of TM7 through a loosely coupled allosteric pathway, while the rigidity of the adamantane moiety in NTSR1 antagonists leads to unfavorable downward transduction of agonistic signaling. Furthermore, we found that R3226.54, Y3196.51, F3537.42, R1483.32, S3567.45, and S3577.46 may play a key role in inducing the activation of NTSR1. Together, our findings not only highlight the ingenious signal transduction within class A GPCRs but also lay a foundation for the development of targeted drugs harboring different regulatory functions of NTSR1.

Using NanoB2 to gain insights into ligand pharmacology.

In this issue of Cell Reports Methods, van den Bor et al.1 report a novel assay called NanoB2, which harnesses the use of nanobodies to broaden the applications of NanoBRET approaches for investigating ligand pharmacology. They demonstrate the generalizability of NanoB2 on a range of membrane proteins.

Delineating the activation mechanism and conformational landscape of a class B G protein-coupled receptor glucagon receptor.

Class B G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important targets in the treatment of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Although multiple structures of class B GPCRs-G protein complexes have been elucidated, the detailed activation mechanism of the receptors remains unclear. Here, we combine Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics simulations and Markov state models (MSM) to investigate the activation mechanism of a canonical class B GPCR, human glucagon receptor-GCGR, including the negative allosteric modulator-bound inactive state, the agonist glucagon-bound active state, and both glucagon- and Gs-bound fully active state. The free-energy landscapes of GCGR show the conformational ensemble consisting of three activation-associated states: inactive, active, and fully active. The structural analysis indicates the high dynamics of GCGR upon glucagon binding with both active and inactive conformations in the ensemble. Significantly, the H8 and TM6 exhibits distinct features from the inactive to the active states. The additional simulations demonstrate the role of H8 in the recruitment of Gs. Gs binding presents a crucial function of stabilizing the glucagon binding site and MSM highlights the absolute requirement of Gs to help the GCGR reach the fully active state. Together, our results reveal the detailed activation mechanism of GCGR from the view of conformational dynamics.

[Analysis and comparison about musculoskeletal ultrasonoLranhv and x-rav of knee osteoarthritis].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare the characteristics of musculoskeletal ultrasonography and X-ray of knee osteoarthritis, and to investigate the advantages of them. METHODS: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 57 cases (66 knees) were collected from February 2015 to May 2015. Among them, there were 48 females and 9 males with an average age of (58.9 +/- 9.8) years old (ranged, 41 to 78 years old). The main symptoms included unilateral or bilateral knee pain and locked joints explicit areas of tender points. The mean course of disease was (13.6 +/- 3.0) months. The results of musculoskeletal ultrasound and X-ray examinations were analyzed. RESULTS: According to Kellgren-Lawrence classification of knee joint on the X-ray: the musculoskeletal ultrasound results of patients with I degree synovial hyperplasia in 9 cases, joint effusion in 20 cases, meniscal disease in 13 cases, patellar pad inflammation in 5 cases, and patellar lesion in 8 cases. The musculoskeletal ultrasound results of patients with III degree: synovial hyperplasia in 20 cases,joint effusion in 31 cases, meniscal disease in 22 cases, patellar pad inflammation in 16 cases and patellar lesion in 17 cases. The musculoskeletal ultrasound results of patients with III degree: synovial hyperplasia in 6 cases,joint effusion in 6 cases, meniscal disease in 7 cases, patellar pad inflammation in 7 cases and patellar lesion in 5 cases. CONCLUSION: The musculoskeletal ultrasound can detect the pathological changes of knee soft tissue sensitively, provide an accurate location of lesions,and find lesions early. The musculoskeletal ultrasound should be applicated in the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis.

Therapeutic effects of low-frequency phonophoresis with a Chinese herbal medicine versus sodium diclofenac for treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of low-frequency phonophoresis with a Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) compared with sodium diclofenac (SD) for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 100 KOA patients were assigned randomly to a placebo group, a CHM group, or SD group. Low-frequency phonophoresis was used to improve the efficiency of drug delivery. Pain at rest [using a visual analog scale (VAS)], pain on movement (VAS), and range of motion (degrees) in the three groups were evaluated using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMACAI) scores. Safety assessments comprised emergency adverse events, as well as laboratory tests of blood biochemistry, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. RESULTS: Significant improvements were found after treatment in all outcome measures except stiffness and range of motion in patients in the CHMP group and SDP group (P < 0.05). No significant differences in all outcome measures were found between the CHMP group and SDP group. CONCLUSION: CHMP and SDP can show good therapeutic effects for KOA in terms of relieving pain and improving physical function.

[Study about Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome of adolescent neck pain].

OBJECTIVE: To preliminarily research the formular about the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome of adolescent neck pain. METHODS: An observation table of adolescent neck pain syndromes was formulated,and 1 397 patients with adolescent neck pain were investigated to establish a database of adolescent neck pain. The Descriptive Statistical Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis were performed by statistical software. RESULTS: Totally 60 TCM symptoms was clustered into 4 TCM syndromes by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. The expert panel of TCM syndromes preliminarily formulate 4 TCM syndromes of adolescent neck pain by analyzing the result of Cluster Analysis and discussing their clinical experience. CONCLUSION: Adolescent neck pain is a category of Tendon Trauma's Bi-syndrome of TCM. Ying, Wei, Qi and blood block caused by exopathy, strains, and internal injury is considered as the main pathogenesis of adolescent neck pain. Base on statistical result and expert's opinions, 4 TCM syndromes about adolescent neck pain were formulated: cold-dampness syndrome, dampness-heat blockage syndrome, liver-stagnation and spleen-deficiency syndrome, Qi and Yin deficiency of both heart and kidney syndrome.