Surgical treatment of middle ear cholesteatoma using an oral approach in 2 dogs.

Middle ear cholesteatoma is caused by the formation of epidermoid cysts that result in distention and enlargement of the tympanic bulla with subsequent destruction of surrounding tissues. We report treatment of middle ear cholesteatoma in 2 dogs, via an oral surgical approach. Abnormal tympanic bulla contents and the wall compressing the pharynx were successfully removed in both cases. Computed tomography imaging, surgical findings, and histopathology results were consistent with middle ear cholesteatoma in both cases. The outcomes in both cases suggest that an oral surgical approach may be an alternative treatment for middle ear cholesteatoma in dogs. Key clinical message: Despite the limited number of cases described herein, our report indicates that the direct oral approach for canine cholesteatoma may be and alternative approach.

Traitement chirurgical du cholestéatome de l'oreille moyenne par approche orale chez deux chiens. Le cholestéatome de l'oreille moyenne est causé par la formation de kystes épidermoïdes qui entraînent une distension et l'élargissement de la bulle tympanique avec destruction subséquente des tissus environnants. Nous rapportons le traitement d'un cholestéatome de l'oreille moyenne chez deux chiens, via une chirurgie par approche buccale. Le contenu anormal de la bulle tympanique et la paroi comprimant le pharynx ont été enlevés avec succès dans les deux cas. L'imagerie par tomodensitométrie, les résultats chirurgicaux et les résultats histopathologiques étaient compatibles avec un cholestéatome de l'oreille moyenne dans les deux cas. Les résultats dans les deux cas suggèrent qu'une approche chirurgicale orale peut être un traitement alternatif pour le cholestéatome de l'oreille moyenne chez le chien.Message clinique clé :Malgré le nombre limité de cas décrits ici, notre rapport indique que l'approche orale directe pour le cholestéatome canin peut être une approche alternative.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Outcome of a dog with urinary bladder osteosarcoma treated with a total cystectomy and ureterocutaneostomy.

A 10-year-old, neutered female, French bulldog was presented with a history of dysuria, hematuria, stranguria, and pollakiuria. Diagnostic tests revealed a large mass at the neck of the bladder without any evidence of metastatic disease. Total cystectomy with bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy creation was elected. Histopathology of the bladder mass revealed extraskeletal osteosarcoma, which was resected completely. Neither recurrence nor metastasis had been detected as of 65 months after surgery. Extraskeletal osteosarcomas are typically malignant and carry a poor prognosis. This is the first report of bladder osteosarcoma in a dog treated by total cystectomy and ureterocutaneostomy with excellent long-term control.

Issue d'un chien atteint d'un ostéosarcome de la vessie traité par cystectomie totale et urétérocutanéostomie. Une femelle bouledogue français stérilisée âgée de 10 ans a été présentée avec une histoire de dysurie, d'hématurie, de strangurie et de pollakiurie. Les tests diagnostiques ont révélé une large masse au col de la vessie sans aucun signe de maladie métastatique. Une cystectomie totale avec création d'urétérostomie cutanée bilatérale a été choisie. L'histopathologie de la masse vésicale a révélé un ostéosarcome extra-squelettique, qui a été complètement réséqué. Aucune récidive ni métastase n'avait été détectée à 65 mois après la chirurgie. Les ostéosarcomes extra-squelettiques sont généralement malins et ont un mauvais pronostic. Il s'agit du premier rapport d'ostéosarcome de la vessie chez un chien traité par cystectomie totale et urétérocutanéostomie avec une excellente gestion à long terme.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Establishment and characterization of a cell line from a feline histiocytic sarcoma.

Feline histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive and uncommon tumor originating from dendritic cells/macrophages. Here, a feline HS cell line, FHS-1, was established from a case of feline HS and characterized. Immunohistochemically, FHS-1 cells were positive for vimentin and Iba-1, and negative for MHC class II and CD163. FHS-1 cells were positive for α-naphthyl butyrate esterase staining, which was clearly inhibited by sodium fluoride. FHS-1 cells had phagocytic and antigen uptake/processing activities. Moreover, FHS-1 cells were tested for susceptibility to feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) strain 79-1146; however, this cell line was not susceptible to this viral strain. Although FHS-1 cells lost the expression of MHC class II and CD163, our findings indicate that FHS-1 is a feline HS cell line that retains functional properties of dendritic cells/macrophages in terms of phagocytic and antigen uptake/processing activities. While FHS-1 cells are not suitable for in vitro study of FIP using strain 79-1146, they may be applicable for studies aimed at developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for feline HS.

Hepatocellular carcinoma in a young dog.

A 25-month-old Chihuahua dog with no clinical signs was evaluated for high serum liver enzymes. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a mass in the left hepatic medial lobe. The histological diagnosis reached using resected tissues was hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To the authors' knowledge, this is the youngest dog diagnosed with HCC.

Carcinome hépatocellulaire chez un jeune chien. Un chien Chihuahua âgé de 25 mois qui ne présentait aucun signe clinique de maladie a été évalué pour des enzymes hépatiques sériques élevés. L'échographie et la tomodensitométrie ont révélé une masse dans le lobe hépatique médial gauche. Le diagnostic histologique obtenu à partir de tissus reséqués a été le carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC). À la connaissance des auteurs, il s'agit du plus jeune chien diagnostiqué avec le CHC.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).

Coexistence of corticotroph adenoma and thyrotroph hyperplasia in a dog.

Pituitary thyrotroph hyperplasia results from prolonged primary hypothyroidism in humans, mice and rats. In dogs with Cushing's disease, many cases have low serum thyroid hormones concentrations due to euthyroid sick syndrome. A 6-year-old castrated male Beagle diagnosed with Cushing's disease had a high serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration that was treated by hypophysectomy. On histological examination, the resected pituitary gland contained both a corticotroph adenoma and thyrotroph hyperplasia. The TSH-positive cell ratio in this case was greater than that of healthy Beagles. In the present case, the pituitary thyrotroph hyperplasia was probably caused by primary hypothyroidism. In conclusion, this Beagle is the first histological confirmation of the coexistence of a corticotroph adenoma and thyrotroph hyperplasia.

Effects of small intestinal ischemia and reperfusion on expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 messenger RNAs in the jejunum, liver, and lungs of dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of intestinal ischemia and reperfusion on the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 mRNAs in the jejunum, liver, and lungs of dogs. ANIMALS: 8 healthy adult Beagles. PROCEDURES: In each dog, the cranial mesenteric artery was occluded for 0 (control group; n=4) or 60 (I-R group; 4) minutes, followed by reperfusion for 480 minutes; serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 activities and expression levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNAs in jejunal, hepatic, and lung tissues were measured before and at the end of the ischemic period and at intervals during reperfusion. For each variable, values were compared between the control and I-R groups at each time point. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, serum IL-6 activity increased significantly after 180 minutes of reperfusion in the I-R group; also, jejunal TNF-alpha mRNA expression increased significantly after 60 (peak) and 180 minutes of reperfusion. In the I-R group, expressions of IL-6 mRNA in the liver and TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNAs in the lungs increased significantly at 480 minutes of reperfusion, compared with the control group. Serum TNF-alpha activity, expression of IL-6 mRNA in the jejunum, and expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in the liver in the control and I-R groups did not differ. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that the liver, lungs, and jejunum contributed to the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 after intestinal ischemia and reperfusion in dogs, suggesting that intestinal ischemia and reperfusion induce a systemic proinflammatory cytokine response in dogs.