High-Throughput and Low-Cost Genotyping Method for Plant Genome Editing.

Genome editing technologies have revolutionized genetic studies in the life sciences community in recent years. The application of these technologies allows researchers to conveniently generate mutations in almost any gene of interest. This is very useful for species such as maize that have complex genomes and lack comprehensive mutant collections. With the improvement of genome editing tools and transformation methods, these technologies are also widely used to assist breeding research and implementation in maize. However, the detection and genotyping of genomic edits rely on low-throughput, high-cost methods, such as traditional agarose gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing. This article describes a method to barcode the target regions of genomic edits from many individuals by low-cost polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. It also employs next-generation sequencing (NGS) to genotype the genome-edited plants at high throughput and low cost. This protocol can be used for initial screening of genomic edits as well as derived population genotyping on a small or large scale, at high efficiency and low cost. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: A fast genomic DNA preparation method from genome edited plants Basic Protocol 2: Barcoding the amplicons of edited regions from each individual by two rounds of PCR Basic Protocol 3: Bioinformatics analysis.

Care of the frail elderly in developed and developing countries: the experience and the challenges.

Demographic and epidemiological changes will result in dramatic changes in the health needs of the world's populations. Everywhere there is a steep increase in the need for management of chronic diseases and for long-term care. Therefore, the search for effective policies to care for the frail elderly in general and long-term care (LTC) policies in particular, is one of the most pressing challenges facing modern society. There is no single converging paradigm and countries are experimenting with a number of different approaches. This section of the Monograph presents the experience in several developed and developing countries: Canada, United States, Italy, Germany, Sweden, Japan, Thailand and Chile. This effort is important because there is much to be learned from the experience of developed and developing countries in defining the range of policy options and in identifying successful and unsuccessful practices. In-depth understanding of the existing situations in developed and developing countries, and the nature of the variance among countries are important to provide insight for development of care policies by learning from what already exists. This article focuses on LTC, that is, on addressing the needs of the functionally disabled elderly. Our reflections are based on an international initiative to develop a decision-making framework for LTC policies launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) with the JDC-Brookdale Institute leading this effort.

Precocious fathers.

Based on available evidence, it appears reasonable to assume that the psychological and social consequences of becoming a father during adolescence are the same as those more traditionally associated with adolescent motherhood. Guidelines for research to enhance knowledge of this important but relatively neglected area are outlined.