Compositional and morphological engineering of in-situ-grown Ag nanoparticles on Cu substrate for enhancing oxygen reduction reaction activity: A novel electrochemical redox tuning approach.

Silver nanoparticles (NPs) developed on a copper substrate, Ag NPs/Cu, are synthesized by a novel and facile galvanic replacement method performed in Ethaline deep eutectic solvent (DES). It reveals that the Ag NPs could be well dispersed on the Cu support via an in-situ electrochemical oxidation-reduction (ECO-ECR) activation process, which deliver significantly enhanced activity and stability for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media. The in-situ redox tuning triggers a reversible phase transformation of the formed initially Ag NPs, Ag â†” Ag2O, with surface reconstruction and gives rise to a strong metal-support interaction with tailored atomic/electronic structures, resulting in enhanced ORR activity. Impressively, the introduction of NiII ions can regulate the galvanic replacement kinetics by mediating the diffusion of AgI ions and subsequent growth of Ag on the Cu surface in Ethaline, leading to the formation of uniformly distributed Ag NPs. Coupled with redox activation, the optimal Ag-Ni1 NPs/Cu_ECO-ECR exhibits ORR activity similar to that of the commercial state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst, and better long-term durability (95% activity retention after 30,000 s), cyclic stability performance, and anti-poisoning capacity for methanol (96% after 3300 s), suggesting it a promising ORR electrocatalyst for practical application.

Energy production from steam gasification processes and parameters that contemplate in biomass gasifier - A review.

The transformation of biomass using steam gasification is a chemical route to facilitate changes in organic or residue supported carbonaceous substances addicted to carbon mono-oxide, hydrogen including carbon-di-oxide, etc. However, to commercialize the method of steam gasification, the hurdles persist during the gasification as well as downstream processing. This article delivers a summary of the different approaches that are described in the previous studies to achieve H2 refinement and adaptation within the gasifier system. These include advanced aspects in the research and development of biomass gasification (alike advancements under the gasification operation). The upshot of diverse operating conditions like steam flow rate, operating temperature, moisture content, gasifier agents, residence time, biomass to air, steam to biomass, equivalence ratio, etc. towards the execution of biomass gasifier. This review accomplishes that the interdependence of several issues must be considered in point to optimise the producer gas.