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1.
Braz J Med Biol Res ; 57: e13309, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38656073

RESUMEN

Diabetic-metabolic syndrome (MetS-D) has a high prevalence worldwide, in which an association with the rupture of the intestinal epithelium barrier function (IEBF) has been pointed out, but the functional and morphological properties are still not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of acute hyperglycemia diabetes on intestinal tight junction proteins, metabolic failure, intestinal ion and water transports, and IEBF parameters. Diabetes was induced in male Rattus norvegicus (200-310 g) with 0.5 mL of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg). Glycemic and clinical parameters were evaluated every 7 days, and intestinal parameters were evaluated on the 14th day. The MetS-D animals showed a clinical pattern of hyperglycemia, with increases in the area of villi and crypts, lactulose:mannitol ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and intestinal tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), but showed a reduction in reduced glutathione (GSH) when these parameters were compared to the control. The MetS-D group had increased secretion of Na+, K+, Cl-, and water compared to the control group in ileal tissue. Furthermore, we observed a reduction in mRNA transcript of claudin-2, claudin-15, and NHE3 and increases of SGLT-1 and ZO-1 in the MetS-D group. These results showed that MetS-D triggered intestinal tissue inflammation, oxidative stress, complex alterations in gene regulatory protein transcriptions of intestinal transporters and tight junctions, damaging the IEBF and causing hydroelectrolyte secretion.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Hiperglucemia , Mucosa Intestinal , Uniones Estrechas , Animales , Masculino , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Hiperglucemia/metabolismo , Uniones Estrechas/metabolismo , Ratas , Inflamación/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratas Wistar , Síndrome Metabólico/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólico/fisiopatología
2.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 57: e13309, fev.2024. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1557314

RESUMEN

Abstract Diabetic-metabolic syndrome (MetS-D) has a high prevalence worldwide, in which an association with the rupture of the intestinal epithelium barrier function (IEBF) has been pointed out, but the functional and morphological properties are still not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of acute hyperglycemia diabetes on intestinal tight junction proteins, metabolic failure, intestinal ion and water transports, and IEBF parameters. Diabetes was induced in male Rattus norvegicus (200-310 g) with 0.5 mL of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg). Glycemic and clinical parameters were evaluated every 7 days, and intestinal parameters were evaluated on the 14th day. The MetS-D animals showed a clinical pattern of hyperglycemia, with increases in the area of villi and crypts, lactulose:mannitol ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and intestinal tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), but showed a reduction in reduced glutathione (GSH) when these parameters were compared to the control. The MetS-D group had increased secretion of Na+, K+, Cl-, and water compared to the control group in ileal tissue. Furthermore, we observed a reduction in mRNA transcript of claudin-2, claudin-15, and NHE3 and increases of SGLT-1 and ZO-1 in the MetS-D group. These results showed that MetS-D triggered intestinal tissue inflammation, oxidative stress, complex alterations in gene regulatory protein transcriptions of intestinal transporters and tight junctions, damaging the IEBF and causing hydroelectrolyte secretion.

3.
Braz J Med Biol Res ; 51(11): e7541, 2018 Oct 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30304131

RESUMEN

We previously found that acute exercise inhibited the gastric emptying of liquid in awake rats by causing an acid-base imbalance. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) pathway, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) peptide in this phenomenon. Male rats were divided into exercise or sedentary group and were subjected to a 15-min swim session against a load (2.5 or 5% b.w.). The rate of gastric emptying was evaluated after 5, 10, or 20 min postprandially. Separate groups of rats were treated with vehicle (0.9% NaCl, 0.1 mL/100 g, ip) or one of the following agents: atropine (1.0 mg/kg, ip), the NO non-selective inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; 10.0 mg/kg, ip), or the selective cGMP inhibitor 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazole[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 5.0 mg/kg, ip), the i-NOS non-specific inhibitor (aminoguanidine; 10.0 mg/kg, ip), the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist (astressin; 100 µg/kg, ip), or the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist Lys1, Pro2,5, Arg3,4, Tyr6 (100 µg/kg, ip). Compared to sedentary rats, both the 2.5 and 5% exercise groups exhibited higher (P<0.05) values of blood lactate and fractional gastric dye recovery. Corticosterone and NO levels increased (P<0.05) in the 5% exercised rats. Pretreatment with astressin, VIP antagonist, atropine, L-NAME, and ODQ prevented the increase in gastric retention caused by exercise in rats. Acute exercise increased gastric retention, a phenomenon that appears to be mediated by the NO-cGMP pathway, CRF, and VIP receptors.


Asunto(s)
Hormona Liberadora de Corticotropina/metabolismo , Vaciamiento Gástrico/fisiología , Guanosina Monofosfato/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/fisiología , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/metabolismo , Animales , Atropina/farmacología , Corticosterona/sangre , Hormona Liberadora de Corticotropina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Hormona Liberadora de Corticotropina/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Vaciamiento Gástrico/efectos de los fármacos , Guanosina Monofosfato/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ácido Láctico/sangre , Masculino , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacología , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Fragmentos de Péptidos/farmacología , Periodo Posprandial/efectos de los fármacos , Periodo Posprandial/fisiología , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Wistar , Valores de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Conducta Sedentaria , Factores de Tiempo , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/antagonistas & inhibidores
4.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 51(11): e7541, 2018. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-951721

RESUMEN

We previously found that acute exercise inhibited the gastric emptying of liquid in awake rats by causing an acid-base imbalance. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) pathway, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) peptide in this phenomenon. Male rats were divided into exercise or sedentary group and were subjected to a 15-min swim session against a load (2.5 or 5% b.w.). The rate of gastric emptying was evaluated after 5, 10, or 20 min postprandially. Separate groups of rats were treated with vehicle (0.9% NaCl, 0.1 mL/100 g, ip) or one of the following agents: atropine (1.0 mg/kg, ip), the NO non-selective inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; 10.0 mg/kg, ip), or the selective cGMP inhibitor 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazole[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 5.0 mg/kg, ip), the i-NOS non-specific inhibitor (aminoguanidine; 10.0 mg/kg, ip), the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist (astressin; 100 µg/kg, ip), or the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist Lys1, Pro2,5, Arg3,4, Tyr6 (100 µg/kg, ip). Compared to sedentary rats, both the 2.5 and 5% exercise groups exhibited higher (P<0.05) values of blood lactate and fractional gastric dye recovery. Corticosterone and NO levels increased (P<0.05) in the 5% exercised rats. Pretreatment with astressin, VIP antagonist, atropine, L-NAME, and ODQ prevented the increase in gastric retention caused by exercise in rats. Acute exercise increased gastric retention, a phenomenon that appears to be mediated by the NO-cGMP pathway, CRF, and VIP receptors.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Hormona Liberadora de Corticotropina/metabolismo , Guanosina Monofosfato/metabolismo , Vaciamiento Gástrico/fisiología , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Valores de Referencia , Atropina/farmacología , Factores de Tiempo , Corticosterona/sangre , Hormona Liberadora de Corticotropina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Hormona Liberadora de Corticotropina/farmacología , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Wistar , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Vaciamiento Gástrico/efectos de los fármacos
5.
Anat Histol Embryol ; 46(6): 572-581, 2017 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28940671

RESUMEN

This study describes the osteology and radiology of the pelvic limb in maned wolves. Ten (five live and five dead) maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus), five males and five females, aged from 2 to 7 years old were used. Digital radiographs were taken and recorded for both pelvic limbs in all animals. Osteology was correlated with the radiographic images. The pelvis had a rectangular shape, and the obturator foramen (foramen obturatum) was oval. The femoral neck (collum femoris) was short and thick. The greater trochanter (trochanter major) extended proximally to near the dorsum of the femoral head (caput ossis femoris). The lateral femoral condyle (condylus lateralis) was larger than the medial condyle (condylus medialis), and the intercondylar fossa (fossa intercondylaris) had a slightly oblique orientation. The proximal tibia displayed medial and lateral condyles with the medial larger. The femur was slightly shorter than the tibia. Seven tarsal bones (ossa tarsi) were present, four long metatarsal bones (ossa metatarsalia II - V) and a short first metatarsal bone (os metatarsal I).


Asunto(s)
Huesos/anatomía & histología , Canidae/anatomía & histología , Miembro Posterior/anatomía & histología , Miembro Posterior/diagnóstico por imagen , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Cadáver , Canidae/fisiología , Femenino , Fémur/anatomía & histología , Fémur/diagnóstico por imagen , Peroné/anatomía & histología , Peroné/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación de la Cadera/anatomía & histología , Articulación de la Cadera/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Huesos Metatarsianos/anatomía & histología , Huesos Metatarsianos/diagnóstico por imagen , Huesos Pélvicos/anatomía & histología , Huesos Pélvicos/diagnóstico por imagen , Intensificación de Imagen Radiográfica , Huesos Sesamoideos/anatomía & histología , Huesos Sesamoideos/diagnóstico por imagen , Tarso Animal/anatomía & histología , Tarso Animal/diagnóstico por imagen , Tibia/anatomía & histología , Tibia/diagnóstico por imagen , Falanges de los Dedos del Pie/anatomía & histología , Falanges de los Dedos del Pie/diagnóstico por imagen
6.
Parasite Immunol ; 39(10)2017 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28836673

RESUMEN

This study evaluated levels for mRNA expression of 7 cytokines in ocular toxoplasmosis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis (OT Group, n = 23) and chronic toxoplasmosis individuals (CHR Group, n = 9) were isolated and stimulated in vitro with T. gondii antigen. Negative controls (NC) were constituted of 7 PBMC samples from individuals seronegative for toxoplasmosis. mRNA expression for cytokines was determined by qPCR. Results showed a significant increase in mRNA levels from antigen stimulated PBMCs derived from OT Group for expressing IL-6 (at P < .005 and P < .0005 for CHR and NC groups, respectively), IL-10 (at P < .0005 and P < .005 for CHR and NC groups, respectively) and TGF-ß (at P < .005) for NC group. mRNA levels for TNF-α and IL-12 were also upregulated in patients with OT compared to CHR and NC individuals, although without statistical significance. Additionally, mRNA levels for IL-27 and IFN-γ in PBMC of patients with OT were upregulated in comparison with NC individuals. Differences between OT and NC groups were statistically significant at P < .05 and P < .0005, respectively.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Protozoos/inmunología , Citocinas/genética , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , ARN Mensajero/biosíntesis , Toxoplasma/inmunología , Toxoplasmosis Ocular/inmunología , Citocinas/metabolismo , Expresión Génica , Humanos , Estudios Prospectivos , Toxoplasmosis Ocular/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmosis Ocular/parasitología
8.
Curr Eye Res ; 35(1): 56-62, 2010 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20021255

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To create a retinal neovascularization experimental model using intravitreal injection of microspheres loaded with latex-derived angiogenic fraction. METHODS: Thirty-two albino New Zealand rabbits, divided in 4 groups of 8 animals, were enrolled in this study. Rabbits in groups I, II, and III received one intravitreal injection of PLGA (L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres with 10, 30, and 50 microg of latex-derived angiogenic fraction into their right eyes, respectively, and group IV received 0.1 ml of microspheres without the angiogenic fraction. Weekly follow-up with ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography was performed; the rabbits were sacrificed in the 4th week and their eyes processed for light microscopy. RESULTS: All eyes from group I demonstrated increased retinal vascular tortuosity, observed from 14 days after injection and maintained for 28 days, otherwise without new vessels detection. All group II eyes showed vascular changes similar to group I. Fifty percent of the eyes from group II rabbits developed retinal neovascularization 21 days after injection. All eyes from group III demonstrated significant vascular tortuosity and retinal new vessels 2 weeks after injection, progressing to fibrovascular proliferation and tractional retinal detachment. No vascular changes or retinal new vessels were observed in group IV eyes. Light microscopy confirmed the existence of new vessels previously seen on fluorescein angiography, in retinal sections adjacent to the optic disc, not observed in sections at the same area in the control group. CONCLUSION: Thirty- and 50-microg microspheres containing latex-derived angiogenic fraction injected into the vitreous cavity induced retinal neovascularization in rabbits.


Asunto(s)
Inductores de la Angiogénesis/toxicidad , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Látex/toxicidad , Neovascularización Retiniana/inducido químicamente , Vasos Retinianos/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Portadores de Fármacos , Femenino , Angiografía con Fluoresceína , Ácido Láctico , Microesferas , Oftalmoscopía , Ácido Poliglicólico , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico-Ácido Poliglicólico , Conejos , Neovascularización Retiniana/diagnóstico , Vasos Retinianos/patología
9.
Transplant Proc ; 41(6): 2399-402, 2009.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19715932

RESUMEN

Successful pregnancy is one of the better indicators of quality of life for women who are of child-bearing age with restored fertility after kidney transplantation. Our objective was to evaluate whether pregnancy represented a risk factor for worsening of renal function or for cardiovascular disease among renal transplant recipients. From 1976 to 2007, we followed 30 successful pregnancies in 27 renal recipients in our hospital; three women had two twin gestations. We compared this population with 27 women with renal transplants who were not pregnant. They were of similar ages at transplantation (pregnant 31.1 +/- 5.4 years vs not pregnant 31.3 +/- 5.4 years, P = NS) and similar evolution time between kidney transplantation and pregnancy (51.5 +/- 36 months vs 47.2 +/- 41 months respective; P = NS). There were no acute rejection episodes or graft losses. Renal function measured by serum creatinine and MDRD4 at the end of pregnancy was lower among the pregnant compared with the control group: mainly, 1.1 +/- 0.2 mg/dL versus 0.9 +/- 0.2 mg/dL (P = .05), and 66 +/- 20 mL/min/1.73 m(2) versus 80 +/- 26 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (P = .03). At 1 and 10 years, renal function was similar among the groups. Ten pregnant women developed preeclampsia (37%) and three, gestational diabetes mellitus (11%). There was one major cardiovascular event (4%; acute myocardial infarction) among the pregnant group, whereas there were two in the control group (7.4%; stroke and severe hypertensive retinopathy). One death occurred in each group secondary to cardiovascular complications. Our results showed that successful pregnancy after renal transplantation did not represent a long-term risk factor to worsen renal function and or produce severe cardiovascular complications. Therefore, pregnancy should be promoted. for young women with renal transplants that show excellent function.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Trasplante de Riñón/fisiología , Complicaciones Cardiovasculares del Embarazo/epidemiología , Adulto , Presión Sanguínea , Colesterol/sangre , Creatinina/sangre , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Periodo Posparto/fisiología , Embarazo , Complicaciones Cardiovasculares del Embarazo/fisiopatología , Proteinuria/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Trasplante Homólogo
10.
Curr Eye Res ; 31(6): 525-34, 2006 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16769612

RESUMEN

The treatment of vitreoretinal diseases is limited and, nowadays, new drug delivery approaches have been reported in order to increase drug bioavailability. The objective of the current study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of a biodegradable dexamethasone acetate implant inserted into the vitreous of rabbits and to evaluate its potential signs of toxicity to the rabbits' eyes. The results showed that the intravitreous drug concentration remained within the therapeutic range along the 8-week period of evaluation. The system under study was not toxic to the normal rabbit retina, and no significant increase in intraocular pressure was observed.


Asunto(s)
Dexametasona/análogos & derivados , Glucocorticoides/farmacocinética , Retina/metabolismo , Cuerpo Vítreo/metabolismo , Implantes Absorbibles , Animales , Disponibilidad Biológica , Dexametasona/farmacocinética , Dexametasona/toxicidad , Implantes de Medicamentos , Electrorretinografía/efectos de los fármacos , Glucocorticoides/toxicidad , Masculino , Conejos , Retina/efectos de los fármacos , Cuerpo Vítreo/efectos de los fármacos
11.
J Clin Pathol ; 54(2): 103-6, 2001 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11215276

RESUMEN

AIMS: Viral uveitis and retinitis, usually caused by herpesviruses, are common in immunosuppressed patients. The diagnosis of viral anterior uveitis and retinitis is usually clinical. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used for the diagnosis of some viral infections, especially those caused by herpesviruses. This paper reports the use of PCR in the diagnosis of viral retinitis in vitreous samples from Brazilian patients. METHODS: PCR was used for the diagnosis of necrotising retinitis in vitreous samples from patients from the Hospital São Geraldo, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil. The vitreous samples were collected by paracentesis and stored until analysis. Samples were analysed by PCR using specific primers designed to amplify herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), varicella zoster virus (VZV), or human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). In a case of anterior uveitis, PCR was performed with a sample from the anterior chamber. RESULTS: Herpesvirus DNA was amplified in 11 of 17 samples. HCVM DNA was detected in nine samples but DNA from HSV-1 and VZV were detected only once each. CONCLUSION: These results strongly suggest that PCR could be used for a rapid complementary diagnosis of viral uveitis and retinitis. A prospective study to evaluate the PCR results, clinical evolution, and treatment is imperative to corroborate the real value of PCR in diagnosis and how it could help the clinicians' approach.


Asunto(s)
ADN Viral/análisis , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Retinitis/virología , Cuerpo Vítreo/virología , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/diagnóstico , Citomegalovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Retinitis por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Herpesvirus Humano 1/aislamiento & purificación , Herpesvirus Humano 3/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Estudios Prospectivos , Uveítis Anterior/virología
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