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1.
Exp Parasitol ; 263-264: 108801, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39009180

RESUMEN

The agropastoral farmers have employed Turraea vogelii(TVL),Senna podocarpa(SPL), and Jaundea pinnata (JPL) leaves for treating various diseases, including intestinal parasites in livestock and the human population in Nigeria. Gastrointestinal nematodes are highly significant to livestock production and people's health, and natural products are interesting as sources of new drugs. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of extracts derived from these plants in treating parasitic infections using third-stage infective larvae (L3) of Strongyloides venezuelensis. We obtained crude extracts using n-gexane (Hex), ethyl acetate (Ea), and methanol (Met). The extracts were analyzed for their phytochemical composition, and their ability to prevent hemolysis were tested. The mean concentrations of total phenols in SPL Hex, SPL Ea, and SPL Met were 92.3 ± 0.3, 103.0 ± 0.4, and 128.2 ± 0.5 mg/100 g, respectively. Total tannin concentrations for JPL Ea, SPL Ea, SPL Hex, and TVL Hex were 60.3 ± 0.1, 89.2 ± 0.2, 80.0 ± 0.1, and 66.6 ± 0.3 mg/100 g, respectively. The mean lethal concentration (LC50) at 72 h for JPL Ea 39 (26-61) µg/mL. SPL Ea was 39 (34-45) µg/mL, and TVL Hex 31 (26-36) µg/mL. The antiparasitic activities of the extracts against L3 were dose- and time-dependent. All the extracts were slightly hemolytic to the erythrocytes. In this study, the plant extract tested demonstrated significant anti-S. venezuelensis activity. These phytobotanical extracts could be used to create formulations for the potential treatment of helminthiasis in animals and humans.


Asunto(s)
Antihelmínticos , Hemólisis , Extractos Vegetales , Hojas de la Planta , Strongyloides , Estrongiloidiasis , Animales , Strongyloides/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Estrongiloidiasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Estrongiloidiasis/veterinaria , Estrongiloidiasis/parasitología , Antihelmínticos/farmacología , Antihelmínticos/química , Ratas , Hojas de la Planta/química , Hemólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/farmacología , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/química , Taninos/farmacología , Taninos/análisis , Etnobotánica , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Nigeria
2.
Front Vet Sci ; 11: 1347550, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38356661

RESUMEN

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a fast-paced technological advancement in terms of its application to various fields of science and technology. In particular, AI has the potential to play various roles in veterinary clinical practice, enhancing the way veterinary care is delivered, improving outcomes for animals and ultimately humans. Also, in recent years, the emergence of AI has led to a new direction in biomedical research, especially in translational research with great potential, promising to revolutionize science. AI is applicable in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) research, cancer research, drug design and vaccine development, epidemiology, disease surveillance, and genomics. Here, we highlighted and discussed the potential impact of various aspects of AI in veterinary clinical practice and biomedical research, proposing this technology as a key tool for addressing pressing global health challenges across various domains.

3.
Pak J Pharm Sci ; 35(6): 1581-1694, 2022 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36789818

RESUMEN

Launaea taraxacifolia has been traditionally used for the management of conditions such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic diseases. High blood pressure was established by oral administration of L-Nitro Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) a non-selective inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The antihypertensive action of the methanol leaf extract of L. taraxacifolia was examined. Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 10 animals per group: Group A (Distilled water), Group B (Hypertensive rats; 40mg/kg L-NAME), Group C (Hypertensive rats plus 100mg/kg extract), Group D (Hypertensive rats plus 200 mg/kg extract) and Group E (Hypertensive rats plus 10mg/kg of Lisinopril). The treatments were orally administered for five weeks. Haemodynamic parameters, urinalysis, indices of oxidative stress and immunohistochemistry were determined. Findings from this study showed that blood pressure parameters, urinary sodium and indices of oxidative stress increased significantly while In-vivo antioxidant defence systems decreased significantly in hypertensive rats. Immunohistochemistry revealed significant increases in expressions of mineralocorticoid receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme activity and kidney injury molecule-1 in kidney of hypertensive rats. Treatment with Launeae taraxacifolia normalized blood pressure parameters, urinary sodium, oxidative stress indices, antioxidant defence system, and serum nitric oxide bioavailability.


Asunto(s)
Antihipertensivos , Asteraceae , Hipertensión , Extractos Vegetales , Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Antihipertensivos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Presión Sanguínea , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertensión/metabolismo , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas Wistar , Sodio , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología
4.
Drug Chem Toxicol ; 45(6): 2424-2438, 2022 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34325589

RESUMEN

Calliandra portoricensis (C. portoricensis) is used in herbal homes in Nigeria to manage breast diseases. We investigated the anti-tumourigenic effects of chloroform extract of C. portoricensis (CP) in breast experimental cancer induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) and benzo-(a)-pyrene (BaP). Fifty-six female rats were assigned into seven equal groups: Group 1 served as control, group 2 received NMU and BaP (50 mg/kg, each), groups 3 and 4 received [NMU + BaP] and treated with CP at 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Group 5 received CP (100 mg/kg), group 6 received [NMU + BaP] and vincristine (0.5 mg/kg), while group 7 received vincristine (0.5 mg/kg). The NMU and BaP (i.p) were dissolved in normal saline and corn oil, respectively. The CP (oral) and vincristine (i.p) were given thrice and twice per week, respectively for 10 weeks. The [NMU + BaP] intoxication significantly decreased body weight gain by 32% while organo-somatic weight of mammary gland increased by 37%. Also, [NMU + BaP] decreased the activities of mammary catalase, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and total sulphurhydryl by 34%, 31%, 35%, 35% and 33%, respectively. The [NMU + BaP] increased inflammatory and oxidative stress markers; nitrite, lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase by 62%, 57% and 361%, respectively. Strong expression of BCL-2, IL-6, COX 2, ß-catenin and iNOS in [NMU + BaP]-administered rats were observed. Histology revealed glands with malignant epithelial cells and high nucleocytoplasm in [NMU + BaP] rats. Treatment with CP attenuated inflammation, apoptosis and restored cyto-architecture of mammary gland. Overall, CP abates mammary tumourigenesis by targeting cellular pathways of inflammation and apoptosis.


Asunto(s)
Metilnitrosourea , Neoplasias , Extractos Vegetales , Animales , Femenino , Ratas , Benzo(a)pireno/toxicidad , beta Catenina , Carcinogénesis , Catalasa/metabolismo , Cloroformo , Ciclooxigenasa 2 , Glutatión/metabolismo , Glutatión Transferasa/metabolismo , Inflamación , Interleucina-6 , Metilnitrosourea/toxicidad , Nitritos , Peroxidasa , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2 , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Vincristina , Fabaceae/química
5.
Drug Chem Toxicol ; 45(3): 999-1011, 2022 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32757682

RESUMEN

NSAID-induced gastrointestinal toxicity is associated with non-selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated synthesis of prostaglandins. Fluoride salts, known to stimulate COX-2 synthesis, have also been associated with gastrointestinal damage. The effects of fluoride treatment on NSAID toxicity are, however, yet to be clarified. This study examined the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on diclofenac (DIC)-induced gastroduodenal and hepatic toxicity in rats. In addition, the potential protective role of Luteolin (Lut), an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory flavonoid, in co-exposure to NaF and DIC was also investigated. Five groups of rats were treated thus: Group A (control): distilled water vehicle for 8 days; Group B: DIC (9 mg/kg) orally, twice daily from days 6 to 8; Group C: NaF (300 ppm) plus DIC for the final 3 days; Groups D and E: Luteolin at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively, with concurrent NaF and DIC exposures. Rats co-treated with DIC and NaF exhibited the highest severity of dark watery diarrhea and gastroduodenal hemorrhages. NaF aggravated the DIC-induced increases in malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), protein carbonyls (PC), H2O2, and nitric oxide, while inhibiting glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in all the tissues. In contrast, Luteolin treatment significantly attenuated the gastroduodenal and hepatic damage caused by NaF and DIC co-administration by suppressing oxidative damage and lesions in the tissues. These results show, for the first time, that NaF may enhance diclofenac-induced gastrointestinal toxicity and also suggest that Luteolin may be a promising lead for the treatment of drug-induced gastroenteropathy.


Asunto(s)
Diclofenaco , Fluoruro de Sodio , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/toxicidad , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Diclofenaco/toxicidad , Fluoruros/farmacología , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/farmacología , Luteolina/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Fluoruro de Sodio/toxicidad
6.
J Food Biochem ; 44(12): e13534, 2020 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33089540

RESUMEN

Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease that affects approximately 26% of adult population, worldwide. Rutin is one of the important flavonoids that is consumed in the daily diet, and found in many food items, vegetables, and beverages. Uninephrectomy (UNX) of the left kidney was performed, followed by induction of hypertension. The rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 rats: group 1-Sham-operated rats; group 2-UNX rats, group 3-UNX-L-NAME (40 mg/kg) plus rutin (100 mg/kg bwt), and groups 4-UNX-L-NAME plus lisinopril (10 mg/kg bwt), orally for 3 weeks. Results revealed significant heightening of arterial pressure and oxidative stress indices, while hypertensive rats treated with rutin had lower expressions of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and mineralocorticoid receptor in uninephrectomized rats. Together, rutin as a novel antihypertensive flavonoid could provide an unimaginable benefits for the management of hypertension through inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme and mineralocorticoid receptor. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Hypertension has been reported to be the most common cardiovascular disease, affecting approximately 26% of the adult population worldwide with predicted prevalence to increase by 60% by 2025. Recent advances in phytomedicine have shown flavonoids to be very helpful in the treatment of many diseases. Flavonoids have been used in the treatment and management of cardiovascular diseases, obesity and hypertension. The study revealed that rutin, a known flavonoid inhibited angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin 2 type 1 receptor (ATR1), and mineralocorticoid receptor (MCR), comparable to the classic ACE inhibitor, Lisinopril, indicating the novel antihypertensive property of rutin. Therefore, flavonoids such as rutin found in fruits and vegetables could, therefore, serve as an antihypertensive drug regimen. Combining all, functional foods rich in flavonoids could be used as potential therapeutic candidates for managing uninephrectomized hypertensive patients.


Asunto(s)
Antihipertensivos , Hipertensión , Angiotensina II , Animales , Antihipertensivos/farmacología , Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Peptidil-Dipeptidasa A , Ratas , Receptores de Mineralocorticoides , Rutina/farmacología , Rutina/uso terapéutico
7.
Eur J Pharmacol ; 880: 173142, 2020 Aug 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32422184

RESUMEN

Hypertension is a condition with chronic elevation of blood pressure and a common preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease with attendant global morbidity and mortality. The present study investigated the novel antihypertensive and neuroprotective effect of Naringenin on L-NG-Nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced hypertension together with possible molecular mechanism of action. Rats were divided into four groups. Rats in Group A were normotensive. The hypertensive group (Group B) received 40 mg/kg) of L-NAME alone while Groups C and D were concurrently administered Naringenin (50 mg/kg) or Lisinopril (10 mg/Kg) together with L-NAME orally for 3 weeks. Blood pressure parameters, markers of oxidative stress and renal damage were measured. The immunohistochemistry of kidney injury molecule 1, mineralocorticoid receptor and angiotensin converting enzyme were also determined. Results indicated significant increases in malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products, protein carbonyl contents and decrease in serum nitric oxide bioavailability in hypertensive rats. Furthermore, there were significant increases in serum myeloperoxidase, urinary creatinine, albumin and blood urea nitrogen in hypertensive rats in comparison to hypertensive rats treated with either Naringenin or Lisinopril. Immunohistochemistry reveal significant expressions of kidney injury molecule 1, mineralocorticoid receptor and angiotensin converting enzyme in hypertensive rats. However, co-treatment with either Naringenin or Lisinopril mitigated both renal and neuronal oxidative stress, normalized blood pressure and lowered the expressions of kidney injury molecule 1, mineralocorticoid receptor and angiotensin converting enzyme. Collectively, Naringenin offered a novel antihypertensive and neuroprotective effect through down regulation of kidney injury molecule 1, mineralocorticoid receptor and angiotensin converting enzyme.


Asunto(s)
Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Flavanonas/uso terapéutico , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antihipertensivos/farmacología , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/patología , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/metabolismo , Flavanonas/farmacología , Hipertensión/inducido químicamente , Hipertensión/metabolismo , Hipertensión/patología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/metabolismo , Riñón/patología , Masculino , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Peptidil-Dipeptidasa A , Ratas Wistar , Receptores de Mineralocorticoides/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos
8.
J Complement Integr Med ; 16(4)2019 Aug 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31433783

RESUMEN

Background Numerous uses of Waltheria indica plant such as antitrypanosomal, antibacterial and antimalarial effects have been reported. It has however been reported that most plants with antibacterial and antiprotozoal effects have adverse effect on male reproduction. Hence, we evaluated the effect of Waltheria indica root on male reproductive parameters. Methods Twenty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=5); A-D. Group A served as control group while groups B, C and D were administered with 200, 400 and 800 mg/Kg body weight of crude ethanolic extract of Waltheria indica root. After 28 days of administration, the rats were sacrificed and sperm parameters, sperm morphology, serum reproductive hormones and lipids were determined. Results There was a significant reduction in sperm count and motility as well as significant increase in percentage abnormal sperm cell (p<0.001) at the 400 and 800 mg/kg BW. The serum levels of testosterone was also significantly reduced while total cholesterol increased significantly (p<0.05) at the highest dose. Conclusion Waltheria indica root has adverse effect on male reproduction through reduction in sperm parameters and male reproductive hormones.


Asunto(s)
Malvaceae/efectos adversos , Extractos Vegetales/efectos adversos , Recuento de Espermatozoides , Motilidad Espermática/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Hormonas Gonadales/sangre , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Raíces de Plantas/efectos adversos , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
9.
Trop Anim Health Prod ; 43(5): 1015-8, 2011 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21336981

RESUMEN

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of varying concentrations of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on blood samples from White Fulani breed of cattle and West African Dwarf goat from Nigeria. Sample sizes of 20 animals were used for both species. Different concentrations of EDTA (2, 4, 8 and 16 mg/ml) were used. The packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration of blood samples collected from White Fulani breed of cattle and West African Dwarf goat into bottles containing 16 mg/ml of EDTA were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those samples collected from the same animals into bottle containing 2 mg/ml (control). Similarly, the PCV, RBC and Hb values of the West African Dwarf goats in bottles containing 8 mg/ml of EDTA were significantly lower than those of the samples in the control (2 mg/ml). This study has shown that high concentration of EDTA as an anticoagulant can lead to a false erythrocytic index especially the PCV. In collecting blood samples for evaluation of haematological parameters, therefore, the blood volume/anticoagulant ratio must be strictly adhered to prevent error in the evaluated parameters in cattle and goats. Taken together, there is tendency for haemolytic anaemia to occur in blood sampled at higher concentration of anticoagulants in West African Dwarf goat than in White Fulani breed of cattle.


Asunto(s)
Anticoagulantes/farmacología , Ácido Edético/farmacología , Índices de Eritrocitos/veterinaria , Hematócrito/veterinaria , Animales , Bovinos , Índices de Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Cabras , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Nigeria
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