RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the impacts of different middle-ear mucosal conditions on the outcomes of type I tympanoplasty. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 164 patients with chronic otitis media was carried out. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to their mucosal condition. Preoperative hearing levels and air-bone gap (ABG) before and after surgery were compared via the KruskalâWallis H test. The chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test were used to assess the postoperative complications and impact factors of functional success. RESULTS: Preoperatively, neither the air conduction nor bone conduction values differed significantly among groups with different mucosal conditions. All of the ABG closed dramatically after type I tympanoplasty (P < .05) regardless of the mucosal conditions. The functional success rates were lower when the intratympanic mucosa was moderately or severely edematous compared with mildly edematous or normal (P < .05). The disease course, perforation site, and perforation size, as well as the status of the opposite ear, were not related to the auditory functional outcome. The differences in postoperative reotorrhea and reperforation among the 4 groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Preoperative hearing levels were not affected by middle-ear mucosal conditions. The functional success rate was influenced by mucosal conditions, but hearing levels were significantly enhanced after surgical intervention regardless of the mucosal status. Postoperative complications were not related to the mucosal conditions. Thus, type I tympanoplasty is adoptable for mucosal abnormalities when pharmacotherapy cannot result in a healthy tympanum.
Asunto(s)
Otitis Media , Timpanoplastia , Humanos , Timpanoplastia/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Otitis Media/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Oído Medio/cirugía , Enfermedad Crónica , Conducción Ósea , Membrana Mucosa/cirugía , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Anciano , Perforación de la Membrana Timpánica/cirugía , Perforación de la Membrana Timpánica/fisiopatología , Complicaciones PosoperatoriasRESUMEN
Solid-state lithium-ion batteries (SSLIBs) have been considered as the priority candidate for next-generation energy storage system, due to their advantages in safety and energy density compare with conventional liquid electrolyte systems. However, the introduction of numerous solid-solid interfaces results in a series of issues, hindering the further development of SSLIBs. Therefore, a thorough understanding on the interfacial issues is essential to promote the practical applications for SSLIBs. In this review, the interface issues are discussed from the perspective of transportation mechanism of electrons and lithium ions, including internal interfaces within cathode/anode composites and solid electrolytes (SEs), as well as the apparent electrode/SEs interfaces. The corresponding interface modification strategies, such as passivation layer design, conductive binders, and thermal sintering methods, are comprehensively summarized. Through establishing the correlation between carrier transport network and corresponding battery electrochemical performance, the design principles for achieving a selective carrier transport network are systematically elucidated. Additionally, the future challenges are speculated and research directions in tailoring interfacial structure for SSLIBs. By providing the insightful review and outlook on interfacial charge transfer, the industrialization of SSLIBs are aimed to promoted.
RESUMEN
Since the first mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was derived, the in vitro culture of domestic iPSCs functionally and molecularly comparable with mouse iPSCs has been a challenge. Here, we established dairy goat iPSCs (giPSCs) from goat ear fibroblast cells with mouse iPSCs morphology, the expression of pluripotent markers and differentiation ability in vitro delivered by piggyBac transposon with nine Dox-inducible exogenous reprogramming factors. These reprogramming factors were bOMSK (bovine OCT4, CMYC, SOX2, and KLF4), pNhL (porcine NANOG and human LIN28), hRL (human RARG and LRH1), and SV40 Large T. Notably, AF-giPSCs (induced in activin A and bFGF condition) were capable of differentiation in embryoid bodies in vitro and could contribute to interspecies chimerism in mouse E6.5 embryos in vitro, demonstrating that AF-giPSCs have the developmental capability to generate some embryonic cell lineages. Moreover, Wnt/ß-catenin signaling has an important role in driving goat induced trophoblast-like stem cells (giTLSCs) from Dox-independent giPSCs. This study will support further establishment of the stable giPSC lines without any integration of exogenous genes.
Asunto(s)
Diferenciación Celular , Cabras , Células Madre Pluripotentes Inducidas , Factor 4 Similar a Kruppel , Animales , Células Madre Pluripotentes Inducidas/citología , Trofoblastos/citología , Trofoblastos/fisiología , Ratones , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula/veterinaria , Reprogramación Celular/fisiologíaRESUMEN
This study introduces a novel approach for synthesizing a Cu(II)-based coordination polymer (CP), {[Cu(L)(4,4´-OBA)]·H2O}n (1), using a mixed ligand method. The CP was successfully prepared by reacting Cu(NO3)2·3H2O with the ligand 3,6-bis(benzimidazol-1-yl)pyridazine in the presence of 4,4´-H2OBA, demonstrating an innovative synthesis strategy. Furthermore, a novel hydrogel composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) with a porous structure was developed for drug delivery purposes. This hydrogel facilitates the encapsulation of CP1, and enables the loading of paclitaxel onto the composite to form HA/CMCS-CP1@paclitaxel. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated the promising modulation of thyroid cancer biomarker genes S100A6 and ARID1A by HA/CMCS-CP1@paclitaxel. Finally, reinforcement learning simulations were employed to optimize novel metal-organic frameworks, underscoring the innovative contributions of this study.
Asunto(s)
Cobre , Hidrogeles , Paclitaxel , Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Paclitaxel/química , Paclitaxel/farmacología , Cobre/química , Hidrogeles/química , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Quitosano/química , Quitosano/análogos & derivados , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ácido Hialurónico/química , Complejos de Coordinación/química , Complejos de Coordinación/farmacología , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Estructuras Metalorgánicas/química , Estructuras Metalorgánicas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
As one of the most significant challenges in solid-state batteries, thorough investigation is necessary on the formation process of lithium dendrites in solid-state electrolytes. Here, we reveal that the growth of lithium dendrites in solid electrolytes is a physical-electrochemical reaction process caused by injected lithium ions and electron carriers, which requires a low electrochemical potential. A unique energy band specific to injected Li ions is identified at the bottom of the conduction band, which can be occupied by electron carriers from low-potential electrodes, leading to dendrite formation. In this case, it is quantitatively determined that the employed anodes with higher working voltages (>0.2 V versus Li/Li+) can effectively prevent dendrite formation. Moreover, lithium dendrite formation exclusively occurs during the charging process (i.e., lithium plating), where lithium ions meet electrons at mixed conductive grain boundaries under highly reductive potentials. The proposed model has significant scientific significance and application value.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Inflammation and oxidative stress are considered crucial to the pathogenesis of depression. Rat models of depression can be created by combined treatments of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Behaviors associated with depression could be improved by treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) owing to immunomodulatory functions of the cells. Therapeutic potentials of the MSCs to reverse pro-inflammatory cytokines, proteins, and metabolites were identified by transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analysis, respectively. METHODS: A depression model was established in male SD rats by 2 weeks of CUMS combined with LPS. The models were verified by behavioral tests, namely SPT, OFT, EPM, and qRT-PCR for pro-inflammatory cytokines. Such depressed rats were administered human umbilical cord MSCs (hUC-MSCs) via the tail vein once a week for 2 and 4 weeks. The homing capacity was confirmed by detection of the fluorescent dye on day 7 after the hUC-MSCs were labeled with CM-Dil and administered. The expression of GFAP in astrocytes serves as a biomarker of CNS disorders and IBA1 in microglia serves as a marker of microglia activation were detected by immunohistochemistry at 2 and 4 weeks after final administration of hUC-MSCs. At the same time, transcriptomics of rat hippocampal tissue, proteomic and metabolomic analysis of the serum from the normal, depressed, and treated rats were also compared. RESULTS: Reliable models of rat depression were successfully induced by treatments of CUMS combined with LPS. Rat depression behaviors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and morphological disorders of the hippocampus associated with depression were reversed in 4 weeks by hUC-MSC treatment. hUC-MSCs could reach the hippocampus CA1 region through the blood circulation on day 7 after administration owing to the disruption of blood brain barrier (BBB) by microglial activation from depression. Differentiations of whole-genome expression, protein, and metabolite profiles between the normal and depression-modeled rats, which were analyzed by transcriptomic, proteomics, and metabolomics, further verified the high association with depression behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Rat depression can be reversed or recovered by treatment with hUC-MSCs.
Asunto(s)
Lipopolisacáridos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Humanos , Animales , Ratas , Masculino , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Depresión/terapia , Proteómica , Citocinas , Cordón UmbilicalRESUMEN
The number of vertebrae is a crucial economic trait that can significantly impact the carcass length and meat production in animals. However, our understanding of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes associated with the vertebral number in sheep (Ovis aries) remains limited. To identify these candidate genes and QTLs, we collected 73 Ujimqin sheep with increased numbers of vertebrae (T13L7, T14L6, and T14L7) and 23 sheep with normal numbers of vertebrae (T13L6). Through high-throughput genome resequencing, we obtained a total of 24,130,801 effective single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). By conducting a selective-sweep analysis, we discovered that the most significantly selective region was located on chromosome 7. Within this region, we identified several genes, including VRTN, SYNDIG1L, LTBP2, and ABCD4, known to regulate the spinal development and morphology. Further, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) performed on sheep with increased and normal vertebral numbers confirmed that ABCD4 is a candidate gene for determining the number of vertebrae in sheep. Additionally, the most significant SNP on chromosome 7 was identified as a candidate QTL. Moreover, we detected two missense mutations in the ABCD4 gene; one of these mutations (Chr7: 89393414, C > T) at position 22 leads to the conversion of arginine (Arg) to glutamine (Gln), which is expected to negatively affect the protein's function. Notably, a transcriptome expression profile in mouse embryonic development revealed that ABCD4 is highly expressed during the critical period of vertebral formation (4.5-7.5 days). Our study highlights ABCD4 as a potential major gene influencing the number of vertebrae in Ujimqin sheep, with promising prospects for future genome-assisted breeding improvements in sheep.
RESUMEN
Purpose. To evaluate the performance of an automated 2D-3D bone registration algorithm incorporating a grayscale compression method for quantifying patient position errors in non-coplanar radiotherapy.Methods. An automated 2D-3D registration incorporating a grayscale compression method to segment bone structures was proposed. Portal images containing only bone structures (Portalbone) and digitally reconstructed radiographs containing only bone structures (DRRbone) were used for registration. First, the portal image was filtered by a high-pass finite impulse response (FIR) filter. Then the grayscale range of the filtered portal image was compressed. Thresholds were determined based on the difference in gray values of bone structures in the filtered and compressed portal image to obtainPortalbone.Another threshold was applied to generateDRRbonewhen the CT image uses the ray-casting algorithm to generate DRR images. The compression performance was assessed by registering theDRRbonewith thePortalboneobtained by compressing the portal image into various grayscale ranges. The proposed registration method was quantitatively and visually validated using (1) a CT image of an anthropomorphic head phantom and its portal images obtained in different poses and (2) CT images and pre-treatment portal images of 20 patients treated with non-coplanar radiotherapy.Results. Mean absolute registration errors for the best compression grayscale range test were 0.642 mm, 0.574 mm, and 0.643 mm, with calculation times of 50.6 min, 42.2 min, and 49.6 min for grayscale ranges of 0-127, 0-63 and 0-31, respectively. For the accuracy validation (1), the mean absolute registration errors for couch angles 0°, 45°, 90°, 270°, and 315° were 0.694 mm, 0.839 mm, 0.726 mm, 0.833 mm, and 0.873 mm, respectively. Among the six transformation parameters, the translation error in the vertical direction contributed the most to the registration errors. Visual inspection of the patient registration results revealed success in every instance.Conclusions. The implemented grayscale compression method successfully enhances and segments bone structures in portal images, allowing for accurate determination of patient setup errors in non-coplanar radiotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Algoritmos , Planificación de la Radioterapia Asistida por Computador , Humanos , Radiografía , Planificación de la Radioterapia Asistida por Computador/métodosRESUMEN
With the change in diet structure, individuals prefer to consume mutton with less fat. However, sheep tail has a lot of fat. We identified a breed of low-fat short-tailed sheep (i.e., Hulunbuir short-tailed sheep). It is necessary to develop an animal model that can promote research on the potential mechanisms of the short-tail phenotype in sheep, which results from the TBXT gene c.G334T mutation. To create animal models, we selected mice as experimental animals. Mouse embryos lacking the TBXT protein, which crucially regulates mouse embryonic development, cannot develop normally. We utilized CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to generate site-specific mutation (c.G334T) in the TBXT gene of mice, and found that the mouse TBXT mutation (c.G334T) leads to a short-tail phenotype. Furthermore, we investigated the interaction between TBXT and Wnt signaling pathways. The expressions of TBXT, Axin2, Dkk1, Wnt3, Wnt3a, and Wnt5a were discovered to be significantly different between mutant embryos and wild embryos by obtaining mouse embryos at various developmental stages and examining the expression relationship between the TBXT and Wnt signaling pathway-related components in all of these embryos. Therefore, as a transcription factor, TBXT regulates the expression of the aforementioned Wnt signaling pathway components by forming a regulatory network for the normal development of mouse embryos. This study enriches the research on the functional role of the TBXT in the development of mouse embryos and the mechanism by which the short-tailed phenotype in sheep develops.
Asunto(s)
Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Cola (estructura animal) , Embarazo , Femenino , Ratones , Animales , Ovinos/genética , Desarrollo Embrionario/genética , Fenotipo , Edición Génica/métodosRESUMEN
After germination in the dark, plants produce a shoot apical hook and closed cotyledons to protect the quiescent shoot apical meristem (SAM), which is critical for seedling survival during skotomorphogenesis. The factors that coordinate these processes, particularly SAM repression, remain enigmatic. Plant cuticles, multilayered structures of lipid components on the outermost surface of the aerial epidermis of all land plants, provide protection against desiccation and external environmental stresses. Whether and how cuticles regulate plant development are still unclear. Here, we demonstrate that mutants of BODYGUARD1 (BDG1) and long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase2 (LACS2), key genes involved in cutin biosynthesis, produce a short hypocotyl with an opened apical hook and cotyledons in which the SAM is activated during skotomorphogenesis. Light signaling represses expression of BDG1 and LACS2, as well as cutin biosynthesis. Transcriptome analysis revealed that cuticles are critical for skotomorphogenesis, particularly for the development and function of chloroplasts. Genetic and molecular analyses showed that decreased HOOKLESS1 expression results in apical hook opening in the mutants. When hypoxia-induced expression of LITTLE ZIPPER2 at the SAM promotes organ initiation in the mutants, the de-repressed expression of cell-cycle genes and the cytokinin response induce the growth of true leaves. Our results reveal previously unrecognized developmental functions of the plant cuticle during skotomorphogenesis and demonstrate a mechanism by which light initiates photomorphogenesis through dynamic regulation of cuticle synthesis to induce coordinated and systemic changes in organ development and growth during the skotomorphogenesis-to-photomorphogenesis transition.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Meristema/genética , Meristema/crecimiento & desarrollo , Meristema/metabolismoRESUMEN
Anisodus tanguticus is a medicinal herb that belongs to the Anisodus genus of the Solanaceae family. This endangered herb is mainly distributed in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this study, we combined the Illumina short-read, Nanopore long-read and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) sequencing technologies to de novo assemble the A. tanguticus genome. A high-quality chromosomal-level genome assembly was obtained with a genome size of 1.26 Gb and a contig N50 of 25.07 Mb. Of the draft genome sequences, 97.47% were anchored to 24 pseudochromosomes with a scaffold N50 of 51.28 Mb. In addition, 842.14 Mb of transposable elements occupying 66.70% of the genome assembly were identified and 44,252 protein-coding genes were predicted. The genome assembly of A. tanguticus will provide genetic repertoire to understand the adaptation strategy of Anisodus species in the plateau, which will further promote the conservation of endangered A. tanguticus resources.
Asunto(s)
Genoma de Planta , Plantas Medicinales , Solanaceae , Anotación de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Plantas Medicinales/genética , Solanaceae/genética , Tibet , Cromosomas de las PlantasRESUMEN
The spontaneous bursts of electrical activity in the developing auditory system are derived from the periodic release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by supporting cells in the Kölliker's organ. However, the mechanisms responsible for initiating spontaneous ATP release have not been determined. Our previous study revealed that telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is expressed in the basilar membrane during the first postnatal week. Its role in cochlear development remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression and role of TERT in postnatal cochlea supporting cells. Our results revealed that in postnatal cochlear Kölliker's organ supporting cells, TERT shifts from the nucleus into the cytoplasm over time. We found that the TERT translocation tendency in postnatal cochlear supporting cells in vitro coincided with that observed in vivo. Further analysis showed that TERT in the cytoplasm was mainly located in mitochondria in the absence of oxidative stress or apoptosis, suggesting that TERT in mitochondria plays roles other than antioxidant or anti-apoptotic functions. We observed increased ATP synthesis, release and activation of purine signaling systems in supporting cells during the first 10 postnatal days. The phenomenon that TERT translocation coincided with changes in ATP synthesis, release and activation of the purine signaling system in postnatal cochlear supporting cells suggested that TERT may be involved in regulating ATP release and activation of the purine signaling system. Our study provides a new research direction for exploring the spontaneous electrical activity of the cochlea during the early postnatal period.
RESUMEN
The synthetic biology has employed the synthetic gene networks through engineering to construct various functions in biological systems. However, the use of gene circuits to create sensors for detecting low-abundance targets has been limited due to the lack of signal amplification strategies beyond direct output of detection signals. To address this issue, we introduce a novel method utilizing Selective Recognition Proximity Ligation and signal amplification with T7 Transcription and CRISPR/Cas12a system (SRPL-TraCs), which permits the incorporation of cell-free gene circuits with signal amplification and enables the construction of high-order cascade signal amplification strategy to detect biomarkers in homogeneous systems. Specifically, the SRPL-TraCs utilizes selective recognition proximity ligation with high-fidelity T4 DNA ligase and generates a unique crRNA via T7 transcription, along with target-activated Cas12a/crRNA system to achieve excellent specificity for HIV-1 DNA. With this straightforward synthetic biology-based method, the proposed SRPL-TraCs has the potential to detect numerous other interesting targets beyond the nucleic acids.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas Biosensibles , Ácidos Nucleicos , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , ADN Ligasas , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , ARN Guía de Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido NucleicoRESUMEN
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a phosphomonoester hydrolase and serves as a biomarker in various diseases. However, current detection methods for ALP rely on bulky instruments, extended time, and complex operations, which are particularly challenging in resource-limited regions. Herein, we synthesized a MOF-derived Fe-N-C nanozyme to create biosensors for the coulometric and visual detection of ALP. Specifically, we found the Fe-N-C nanozyme can efficiently oxidize 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to generate blue-colored tetramethyl benzidine (TMBox) without the need for H2O2. To construct the biosensor, we incorporated the ALP enzymatic catalytic reaction to inhibit the oxidation of TMB by Fe-N-C oxidase nanozyme. This biosensor showed rapid and highly sensitive detection of ALP in both buffer and clinical samples. The limit of detection (LOD) of our approach could be achieved at 3.38 U L-1, and the linear range was from 5 to 60 U L-1. Moreover, we also developed a visual detection for ALP by using a smartphone-based assay and facilitated practical and accessible point-and-care testing (POCT) in resource-limited areas. The visual detection method also achieved a similar LOD of 2.12 U L-1 and a linear range of 5-60 U L-1. Our approach presents potential applications for other biomarker detections by using ALP-based ELISA methods.
RESUMEN
Cell types have been established during organogenesis based on early mouse embryos. However, our understanding of cell types and molecular mechanisms in the early embryo development of Mongolian sheep has been hampered. This study presents the first comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic characterization at E16 in Ujumqin sheep and Hulunbuir short-tailed sheep. Thirteen major cell types were identified at E16 in Ujumqin sheep, and eight major cell types were identified at E16 in Hulunbuir short-tailed sheep. Function enrichment analysis showed that several pathways were significantly enriched in the TGF-beta signaling pathway, the Hippo signaling pathway, the platelet activation pathway, the riboflavin metabolism pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, and the insulin signaling pathway in the notochord cluster. Glutathione metabolism, glyoxylate, and dicarboxylate metabolism, the citrate cycle, thyroid hormone synthesis, pyruvate metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, thermogenesis, and the VEGF signaling pathway were significantly enriched in the spinal cord cluster. Steroid biosynthesis, riboflavin metabolism, the cell cycle, the Hippo signaling pathway, the Hedgehog signaling pathway, the FoxO signaling pathway, the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and the Wnt signaling pathway were significantly enriched in the paraxial mesoderm cluster. The notochord cluster, spinal cord cluster, and paraxial mesoderm cluster were found to be highly associated with tail development. Pseudo-time analysis demonstrated that the mesenchyme can translate to the notochord in Ujumqin sheep. Molecular assays revealed that the Hippo signaling pathway was enriched in Ujumqin sheep. This comprehensive single-cell map revealed previously unrecognized signaling pathways that will further our understanding of the mechanism of short-tailed sheep formation.
RESUMEN
As one of the most promising alternatives to graphite negative electrodes, silicon oxide (SiOx) has been hindered by its fast capacity fading. Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) aging on silicon SiOx has been recognized as the most critical yet least understood facet. Herein, leveraging 3D focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) tomographic imaging, we reveal an exceptionally characteristic SEI microstructure with an incompact inner region and a dense outer region, which overturns the prevailing belief that SEIs are homogeneous structure and reveals the SEI evolution process. Through combining nanoprobe and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), it is also discovered that the electronic conductivity of thick SEI relies on the percolation network within composed of conductive agents (e.g., carbon black particles), which are embedded into the SEI upon its growth. Therefore, the free growth of SEI will gradually attenuate this electron percolation network, thereby causing capacity decay of SiOx. Based on these findings, a proof-of-concept strategy is adopted to mechanically restrict the SEI growth via applying a confining layer on top of the electrode. Through shedding light on the fundamental understanding of SEI aging for SiOx anodes, this work could potentially inspire viable improving strategies in the future.
RESUMEN
Two-dimensional (2D) magnetoelectric multiferroic materials with the coexistence of magnetization and ferroelectric polarization hold potential for application for the development of next-generation nano-memory devices. However, intrinsic 2D multiferroics with a high critical temperature and strong magnetoelectric coupling are still rare to date. Here, we propose a novel mechanism of 2D monolayer multiferroicity. Based on density functional theory (DFT), we predicted that in a Mo2NCl2 monolayer, the non-equilibrium charge disproportionation of Mo ions will induce an out-of-plane electric polarization, making this material a 2D monolayer multiferroic material. More importantly, the magnetic critical temperature is calculated to be â¼168 K, which is larger than those of the recently reported 2D multiferroic and ferromagnetic systems. Our findings also provide a promising platform to control the magnetic properties and electric behavior in 2D multiferroics using an external electric field.
RESUMEN
The process of testis development in mammals is accompanied by the proliferation and maturation of Sertoli, Leydig and germ cells. Spermatogenesis depends on hormone regulation, which must bind to a receptor to exert its biological effects. The changes in Hu sheep testis cell composition and FSHR, LHR and AR expression during different developmental stages are unclear (newborn, puberty and adulthood). To address this, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we analyzed testis cell composition and hormone receptor expression changes during three important developmental stages of Hu sheep. We observed significant changes in the composition of somatic and germ cells in different Hu sheep testis developmental stages. Furthermore, we analyzed the FSHR, LHR and AR distribution and expression changes at three important periods and verified them by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Our results suggest that after birth, the proportion of germ cells increased gradually, peaking in adulthood; the proportion of Sertoli cells decreased gradually, reaching the lowest in adulthood; and the proportion of Leydig cells increased and then decreased, reaching the lowest in adulthood. In addition, FSHR, LHR and AR are mainly located in Sertoli, Leydig and germ cells. LHR and FSHR expression decreased with increasing age, while AR expression increased and then decreased with increasing age.
Asunto(s)
Receptores de HFE , Testículo , Masculino , Animales , Ovinos , Testículo/metabolismo , Receptores de HFE/genética , Receptores de HFE/metabolismo , Células Intersticiales del Testículo/metabolismo , Células de Sertoli/metabolismo , Hormonas/metabolismo , MamíferosRESUMEN
The emergence and development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provides an approach to understand the regulatory mechanisms of cell pluripotency and demonstrates the great potential of iPSCs in disease modeling. Acute myelitis defines a group of inflammatory diseases that cause acute nerve damage in the spinal cord; however, its pathophysiology remains to be elusive. In this study, we derived skin fibroblasts from a patient with acute myelitis (P-HAF) and then reprogrammed P-HAF cells to iPSCs using eight exogenous factors (namely, OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, KLF4, NANOG, LIN28, RARG, and LRH1). We performed transcriptomic analysis of the P-HAF and compared the biological characteristics of the iPSCs derived from the patient (P-iPSCs) with those derived from normal individuals in terms of pluripotency, transcriptomic characteristics, and differentiation ability toward the ectoderm. Compared to the control iPSCs, the P-iPSCs displayed similar features of pluripotency and comparable capability of ectoderm differentiation in the specified culture. However, when tested in the common medium, the P-iPSCs showed attenuated potential for ectoderm differentiation. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that pathways enriched in P-iPSCs included those involved in Wnt signaling. To this end, we treated iPSCs and P-iPSCs with the Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor IWR1 during the differentiation process and found that the expression of the ectoderm marker Sox1 was increased significantly in P-iPSCs. This study provides a novel approach to investigating the pathogenesis of acute myelitis.
RESUMEN
Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO) matrix and active inorganic fillers have shown great potential for practical applications. However, mechanisms of how different active fillers enhance ion transport in CSEs still remain inconclusive. In this work, the component dependencies of ionic conductivity of PEO-based CSEs are investigated by comparing two widely investigated active fillers: NASICON-type (LATP) and garnet-type (LLZTO). In terms of ionic conductivity, the optimum ratios are strikingly different for LLZTO (10 wt%) and LATP (50 wt%). Through experimental and computational studies, it is demonstrated that the high affinity between LATP and PEO facilitates unhindered interfacial Li+ transfer so that LATP functions as a bulk-active filler to provide additional inorganic ion pathways. By contrast, Li+ transfer between LLZTO and PEO is found to be sluggish. Instead, LLZTO mainly improves ionic conductivity by dissociating lithium salt, making it a surface-active filler. Through categorizing active fillers based on their Li+ conductive mechanisms, this work provides new understanding and guidelines for componential design and optimization of solid composite electrolytes.