The profile of patients with maxillofacial trauma due to interpersonal violence treated in a hospital emergency room.

AIM: This study evaluated records of patients with maxillofacial trauma due to interpersonal violence (IPV) being treated in the emergency room of a level I trauma center hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data of patients with maxillofacial trauma due to IPV recorded between January 2019 and December 2019 were retrospectively examined. Personal data, days on which they experienced IPV, and the type of maxillofacial trauma sustained were extracted and statistically analyzed (p < .050). RESULTS: During the analysis, 1034 patients with maxillofacial trauma were identified; of these patients, 292 (28.2%) who experienced trauma due to IPV were included in this study. There was a mean age of 32.6 years and the most common type of trauma was soft tissue injuries (38.7%). Mandible and nose fractures were more prevalent in males and females, respectively. Our data, when compared with other studies on maxillofacial trauma due to IPV, showed a lower prevalence and male-to-female ratio, and a higher presence of dentoalveolar trauma. Additionally, our data when compared with studies on maxillofacial trauma due to other causes showed lower mean age and male-to-female ratios, and a higher occurrence of nose fractures differing from the predominance of mandibular fractures. CONCLUSION: Oral and maxillofacial surgeons must be able to suspect and identify cases due to IPV among their patients with trauma. With our results, although each case has its individuality, we can suggest that cases of maxillofacial trauma in young, female, and nasal fracture patients may be suspicious for IPV.

Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint: Case series and literature review.

Background: Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (SATMJ) is a relatively uncommon condition in the adult population and can result in significant morbidity. This study reviewed seven cases of SATMJ, including their management and complications.Clinical Presentation: A retrospective study was performed on seven cases that developed SATMJ documented from 2011 to 2017. Seven cases demonstrated SATMJ that resulted in joint destruction and complications, such as mandibular osteomyelitis, vertebral osteomyelitis, bone erosion, ankylosis, and death. The management of these seven cases was presented, as well as the treatment outcomes.Clinical Relevance: SATMJ should be treated aggressively, as it may cause severe damage to the TMJs and adjacent tissues, which could lead to loss of function, malocclusion, and potentially fatal complications.

Mandibular Reconstruction With Block Iliac Crest: An Institutional Experience.

STUDY DESIGN: Mandibular reconstruction is a challenge. Several reconstructive techniques are available, and the individualization of choice for each patient leads to better results and quality of life for the individual. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the characteristics and complications of cases submitted to mandibular reconstruction with autogenous bone graft block of the iliac crest. METHODS: Records of 45 patients undergoing mandibular reconstruction with autogenous bone graft block of the iliac crest were analyzed from January 2000 to December 2014. The data collected included age, gender, etiology and graft size, surgical approach, complications, comorbidities, and habits and addictions. Analysis of variance, chi-square test, and Fisher exact test were used for analysis of the variables with a significance level of P < .05. RESULTS: The success rate of the 45 charts analyzed was 75.6%. No statistical differences were found between age and presence of complications, between defect size and presence or absence of complications, and between type of surgical approach and presence or absence of complications. CONCLUSION: According to our study, medical history may influence postoperative complications and require attention, though further studies should be performed to further elucidate the relationship between diseases and postoperative complications.

Resistance of four fixation techniques used to treat subcondylar fractures.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of four fixation techniques used to treat subcondylar fractures. The following techniques were evaluated: fixation with one 4-hole single straight plate; fixation with one 2-mm 4-hole system plate and one 1.5-mm 3-hole system plate; fixation with two 2-mm plates with a 3-hole anterior plate; and fixation with two 2-mm plates with four holes each. STUDY DESIGN: Each fixation technique was subjected to a resistance test. The load values were measured when displacement of 1, 2, and 5 mm was reached. Load values were compared for statistically significant differences using analysis of variance (ANOVA; p < 0.5) and Tukey's test. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed, when the load was applied to the first molar on the side of the fracture. The group treated with a 4-hole, 2-mm, one plate system showed resistance to lower load values than the groups treated with two plates in any combination. CONCLUSIONS: When the fracture was fixed using two plates, regardless of the kind of plates used, no statistically significant difference between the groups was observed. However, two plate systems showed better resistance than one plate systems.

Infecções bacterianas da cabeça e pescoço: estudo retrospectivo / Head and neck bacterial infections: retrospective study

Objetivos: avaliar retrospectivamente as características das infecções de origem odontogênica ou não, acometendo a região da cabeça e pescoço. Material e Métodos: por meio de uma análise retrospectiva de 50 prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de infecções bacterianas da cabeça e pescoço (IBCP) tratados no âmbito hospitalar pela disciplina de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara – UNESP, no período de 1998 a 2006, analisou-se aspectos como gênero, idade, etiologia, tempo de permanência hospitalar, sinais e sintomas, espaços fasciais envolvidos e protocolo de tratamento. Resultados: nesta pesquisa observou-se que as IBCP geralmente têm origem odontogênica (94%), do quadrante póstero-inferior (49%), por meio de lesões de cárie (66%), acometendo preferencialmente sujeitos do gênero masculino (1.6:1), acima dos 18 anos de idade. Geralmente, os pacientes apresentam-se com edema, eritema, dor, odinofagia, trismo e disfagia, permanecendo internados durante cinco dias em média. Estas infecções acometem com freqüência mais de um espaço fascial (74%), sendo o submandibular o mais envolvido (80%). São infecções de natureza polimicrobiana, com predomínio de aeróbios. O protocolo de tratamento mais empregado para estes pacientes incluiu exodontia, drenagem e antibioticoterapia, correspondendo a 94% da amostra. Optou-se pelas cefalosporinas como antibiótico para terapia empírica em 94% dos casos, utilizando associações de antimicrobianos na maior parte dos pacientes (94%). Conclusão: a maior parte das IBCP é de origem odontogênica, advinda do quadrante póstero-inferior, acometendo mais frequentemente o espaço submandibular de homens com mais de 18 anos, caracterizando-se usualmente por edema, eritema, trismo, odinofagia, disfagia e dor. O protocolo de tratamento padrão incluiu exodontia, drenagem e antibioticoterapia.

Purpose: retrospective analyze of head and neck bacterial infections by odontogenic and non-odontogenic source. Materials and Methods: a retrospective analyze of 50 records of patients with diagnosis of HNBI treated in hospital room by Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology of Araraquara Dentistry Faculty – UNESP, between 1998 and 2006, was made analyzing issues as gender, age, etiology, length of hospital stay, symptoms and signals, fascial spaces and treatment. Results: It could be established that infections are usually originated from odontogenic causes (94%), from postero-inferior quadrant (49%) by carious lesions (66%), affecting usually males (1.6:1), above 18 years old. Patients are encountered most commonly with swelling, erythema, pain, odynophagia, trismus and dysphagia, staying in the hospital for five days in median. This infections affect most commonly multiples fascial spaces (74%), being submandibular the most affected (80%). Infections usually have both aerobic and anaerobic organisms, being aerobic the most frequent. The treatment plan most utilized for this patients are extractions, drainage and antibiotic therapy (94%). The cefalosporines were the choice for the empiric therapy (94%), utilizing antibiotic associations for the most patients (94%). Conclusion: the most of HNBI were by odontogenic source, from postero-inferior quadrant, affecting usually submandibular space of men above 18 years, characterizing usually by swelling, erythema, trismus, odynophagia, dysphagia and pain. Standard treatment was extractions, drainage and antibiotic therapy.