Pattern and trend of cancer in Saurashtra region in Gujarat state of India, a hospital-based study.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is growing concern for every country. Reliable data is a source to define the magnitude of the problem, which then helps to plan for necessary action. This epidemiological study involves the collection and analysis of hospital registry data to assess the quantum of the problem of cancer over a five-year period from 2012-16 and to plan priority action. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hospital-based data for five years from 2012-2016 was retrieved from the department of radiotherapy at M. P. Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India, and analysed to define the magnitude of the problem. All data was studied using Microsoft Excel 2016. RESULTS: A total of 7355 patients were registered between 2012 and 2016, out of which 62 percent were male. Cancers of the cervix and uterus were discernibly less common in the Saurashtra region and accounted for only 12.37% of all cancers in females. Lung cancer was the leading cancer as a single site in males (24.13% of all cancers in males) and breast cancer in females (37.36% of all cancers in females). Head and neck cancer, all sites clubbed, was most common in males (42%). Jamnagar taluka represented around 50% of all cases at the study center. CONCLUSION: Tobacco-related cancers were most common in the male population, and stringent implementation of a national tobacco control program is the most appropriate measure to curtail incidences and hence mortality in this male population. Non-modifiable risk factors like gender-related cancer were more common in the female population, and resource-appropriate screening is a suitable option for these diseases. A population-based cancer registry is required to further define the pattern pertinently, or an epidemiological study is required to find causes of the noticeably lower incidence of cancer of the cervix,.

PET-CT scan-based maximum standardized uptake value as a prognostic predictor in oropharynx squamous cell cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose integrated with computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) is clinically useful and extensively used in initial staging and follow-up of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We studied the potential prognostic significance of primary tumor maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) by 18F-FDG PET-CT in oropharyngeal cancer. METHODS: Sixty patients with early and locally advanced histopathologically proven oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer were staged using FDG PET-CT at diagnosis. All patient received radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy (in stage III and IVA disease) and were assessed prospectively for treatment outcome. Groups were created based on stage and cut off for SUVmax. The association of SUVmax of primary tumour and stage with disease-free survival and overall survival was analyzed by univariate and multivariate statistics. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, a primary tumour SUVmax of greater than 13.0 and advanced stage (IVA) predicted inferior disease-free survival (P=0.0241 and 0.0005, respectively) and overall survival (P=0.0510, toward significance and 0.0003, respectively). In proportional hazards analysis, stage was significant only when adjusted for primary SUVmax. CONCLUSION: SUVmax failed to demonstrate predictive significance in oropharyngeal cancer, and an increase in primary tumor uptake is possibly a direct effect of advanced disease and consequently increased metabolic activity and aggressiveness.

Acute Thyroid Profile Changes During External Beam Irradiation of Neck.

Thyroid gland is irradiated to a considerable dose in conventional radiotherapy of head neck cancer and significant proportion of patients later develop hypothyroidism. This study is an effort to shed light on acute changes in thyroid function after irradiation those are less clearly defined. Values were recorded before radiation treatment, after 4 week of irradiation, after completion of treatment, 1 month after completion of treatment and after 4 months of completion of treatment. A repeated measures ANOVA with a Greenhouse-Geisser correction determined that mean T3, T4 and TSH levels differed statistically significantly between time points. Post hoc test using the Bonferroni correction revealed statistical significance difference in values of T3, T4 and TSH done at specific intervals. External irradiation in cancer therapeutic doses affects thyroid function and sets at a new point with increased TSH, but in reference ranges, to maintain required thyroxin level.

Prognostic significance of tumor volume as determined on 3D ultrasound scan in uterine cervix cancer treated by radiotherapy.

AIMS: The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate prognostic significance of tumor volume determined by three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound scan in uterine cervix cancer patients treated by radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 67 patients of Stage IB2-IIIB were studied and analyzed. Cervical tumor volume was determined by 3D ultrasound scan. Two groups were made on the basis of volume on ultrasound scan (Group 1 <40 cc = 36 and Group 2 >40 cc = 31). Both groups received external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and intracavitary radiation therapy (ICRT). Cisplatin 40 mg/m 2 every week was given concurrently with external irradiation. Tumor volumes were taken by 3D USG every week during EBRT, after each fraction of ICRT, and after 8 weeks of completion of treatment. Primary end point was disease-free survival (DFS), and secondary endpoints were 5-year survival and toxicities. RESULTS: After 2 months of completion of treatment, 1 out of 36 patients of Group A was having residual and 7 out of 31 of Group B were having residual diseases (P = 0.034). DFS and 5-year survival were significantly different in the groups (log rank test P = 0.0014, hazard ratio (HR) =2.3622 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3090-4.2625 and P = 0.0421, HR = 1.9274 95% CI 0.9998-3.7156, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound is a cheap, simple, and useful in predicting the outcome of treatment and DFS based on the tumor volume.